减词法
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省略介词
英译汉中的省略法
省略逻辑连词
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗。
He looks gloomy and troubled.
他看上去忧愁不安。
Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up.
失业问题比通胀问题更为严重，因为失业问题涉 及社会治安问题。 Unemployment is more serious than inflation, for the former is related to public security.
3.省去影响译文修辞效果的词语
汉语中常用一些可有可无的修饰语加强语气， 这种修饰语不必逐字译出，否则会损坏原义。 坚决克服 (conquer)、彻底消灭 (eliminate)、 积极引进 (introduce)、顺利进行( go along) 、 努力做到 ( strive for) 、热烈拥护 (support) 、 热情扶持(support) 、胜利完成( accomplish) 、 广泛发展(develop)、毫无根据的诽谤 (slanders )。
9. Day after day he came to his work --- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 10. Perfect preparation is the first step to the success of the party. 11. He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. 12. “You must finish your homework before you go out to play,” said Mum to Tom. 13. How do atoms arrange themselves in solid? 14. As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 15. Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 16. He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
We are looking forward with interest to your reply. 译文一：我们带着极大的兴趣盼望贵方的答复。 译文二：盼复。
二、汉译英中的省略法
1.省略原文中重复出现的词语
野心是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源。 译文：Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil. 试译： 为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了 解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。 译文：To promote China-US relations, China needs to know the US better and vice versa.
翻译中的减词法/省略法
Omission
省略法
在翻译中删去一些对译入语来说可有可无，或 者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。 The sun is bright and the sky is clean. 阳光灿烂，（和）晴空万里。
我们必须积极采用新技术、新设备、新工艺、 新材料。 We must introduce new techniques, equipment, technologies and materials.
Summary
省译法不是任意省略、删减。从以上各例句 中不难看出，某些词语如果不删减，译文必 定不够简洁，或累赘不堪，甚至影响整体意 思的表达。采用省略法不仅使译文读起来流 畅、自然，而且突出了原文的整体意思。 省略不能影响原文的中心思想和整体意思， 不能违背“忠实”这一基本原则。采用省略 法必须以不损害原文的内容为前提。 与增译法相比，减省的情况要少得多，所以， 省略法要慎用，绝不可想删就删。
2.省去原文中表示范畴的词语
自然现象 a natural phenomenon 失业现象 unemployment
有具体含义
“失业” 本身就是一种“现象”，“现象”这里指“失业”的范畴。
例子： 总之，就全国范围来说，我们一定能够逐步顺利解决 沿海同内地贫富差距的问题。 译文：In short, taking the whole country as a whole, I am confident that we can gradually bridge the gap between coastal and inland areas.
Baidu Nhomakorabea
看到这些照片，想起了童年的情景。 At the sight of the photos, he recalled his childhood. The photos reminded him of his childhood. 必须杜绝铺张浪费行为。 Extravagance and waste must be prohibited.
增词法和省略法
弥合语法差异的需要 弥合语义差异的需要 满足译文修辞上的需要 满足译文语境的需要
练一练: 翻译下面的句子，注意其中的增词或省
略现象。（E-C）
1. Even if you go there, there won’t be any result. 2. The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet. 3. After all, what is more enviable than happiness? 4. I wanted to be a man, and a man I am. 5. Quiet and shy, he was never more comfortable than when at his workbench. 6. It was dark outside as she shut the garden gate. 7. A teacher should have patience in his work. 8. He found one possible solution.
In South America there are many little magazines and they are widely read. 省略人称代词 She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it. 省略做宾语的代词 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 省略非人称代词 it It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 省略非人称代词 it The sun was slowly rising above the sea. 省略冠词 Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.
一、英译汉中的省略法
句法性减省 （syntactic omission）
句法性减省
与英语相比，汉语中没有冠词，而代 词、连词、介词的使用频率也远远没有 英语中使用的频率那么高。这样，在英 汉翻译时，若碰到句子中使用了这些词 语，就要考虑在译文中省去它们，以使 译文简洁通畅。另外，英语中的系动词 和先行词在汉译中也经常可以省略不译。
（C-E)
1. 要妥善处理改革、发展、稳定的关系。 2. 她的疯狂行为真让人难以理解。 3. 在生态环境保护问题上，发展中国家存在的问题比较严 重。 4. 本次会议讨论的重点是世界经济发展状况。 5. 这种自满情绪会严重影响到你学习的进步的。
6. 人们利用科学去了解自然，改造自然。 7. 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。 8. 要是下三天的雨，难道我就在这住三天不成？ 9. 这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。m 10. 作为2008年奥运会的东道主，中国人好客的态度和热情 给许许多多的外国人留下了深刻的印象。
伟大的历史性的转变。
historical change
佣金的多少取决于订货量的大小。 Commission depends on the quantity of goods ordered.
4. 省略概括词
水是由氢和氧两种元素组成的。 Water consists of the elements of hydrogen and oxygen. 这篇论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭 三个方面的新成就。 The thesis summed up the new achievements made in computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
answers
1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 8.
9.
10.
We have to balance reform, development and stability. Her madness is so difficult to understand. With regard to environmental protection, there exists serious problem in developing countries. The conference will focus on the development of the world’s economy. Such arrogance will severely affect your study. People use science to understand and change nature. We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problem. Am I to stay here for three days if it rains that long? These new cars are fast, efficient and handy. As the host of 2008 Olympic Games, the Chinese people have impressed foreigners by their hospitality.
她因那病开过两次刀后，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。
修辞性减省
修辞性省略是从译文修辞角度考 虑，省略英文中的某些词语。这些 词语的含义在译文中虽无但已有其 意，如果不将其省略，就可能造成 译文语意的重复或累赘。
英译汉中的省略法
省略一些汉语中可有可无的词
University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. This treatment did not produce any harmful side effect. 这种治疗方法并没有产生任何副作用。
英译汉中的省略法
省略逻辑连词
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗。
He looks gloomy and troubled.
他看上去忧愁不安。
Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up.
失业问题比通胀问题更为严重，因为失业问题涉 及社会治安问题。 Unemployment is more serious than inflation, for the former is related to public security.
3.省去影响译文修辞效果的词语
汉语中常用一些可有可无的修饰语加强语气， 这种修饰语不必逐字译出，否则会损坏原义。 坚决克服 (conquer)、彻底消灭 (eliminate)、 积极引进 (introduce)、顺利进行( go along) 、 努力做到 ( strive for) 、热烈拥护 (support) 、 热情扶持(support) 、胜利完成( accomplish) 、 广泛发展(develop)、毫无根据的诽谤 (slanders )。
9. Day after day he came to his work --- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 10. Perfect preparation is the first step to the success of the party. 11. He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. 12. “You must finish your homework before you go out to play,” said Mum to Tom. 13. How do atoms arrange themselves in solid? 14. As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 15. Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 16. He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
We are looking forward with interest to your reply. 译文一：我们带着极大的兴趣盼望贵方的答复。 译文二：盼复。
二、汉译英中的省略法
1.省略原文中重复出现的词语
野心是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源。 译文：Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil. 试译： 为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了 解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。 译文：To promote China-US relations, China needs to know the US better and vice versa.
翻译中的减词法/省略法
Omission
省略法
在翻译中删去一些对译入语来说可有可无，或 者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。 The sun is bright and the sky is clean. 阳光灿烂，（和）晴空万里。
我们必须积极采用新技术、新设备、新工艺、 新材料。 We must introduce new techniques, equipment, technologies and materials.
Summary
省译法不是任意省略、删减。从以上各例句 中不难看出，某些词语如果不删减，译文必 定不够简洁，或累赘不堪，甚至影响整体意 思的表达。采用省略法不仅使译文读起来流 畅、自然，而且突出了原文的整体意思。 省略不能影响原文的中心思想和整体意思， 不能违背“忠实”这一基本原则。采用省略 法必须以不损害原文的内容为前提。 与增译法相比，减省的情况要少得多，所以， 省略法要慎用，绝不可想删就删。
2.省去原文中表示范畴的词语
自然现象 a natural phenomenon 失业现象 unemployment
有具体含义
“失业” 本身就是一种“现象”，“现象”这里指“失业”的范畴。
例子： 总之，就全国范围来说，我们一定能够逐步顺利解决 沿海同内地贫富差距的问题。 译文：In short, taking the whole country as a whole, I am confident that we can gradually bridge the gap between coastal and inland areas.
Baidu Nhomakorabea
看到这些照片，想起了童年的情景。 At the sight of the photos, he recalled his childhood. The photos reminded him of his childhood. 必须杜绝铺张浪费行为。 Extravagance and waste must be prohibited.
增词法和省略法
弥合语法差异的需要 弥合语义差异的需要 满足译文修辞上的需要 满足译文语境的需要
练一练: 翻译下面的句子，注意其中的增词或省
略现象。（E-C）
1. Even if you go there, there won’t be any result. 2. The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet. 3. After all, what is more enviable than happiness? 4. I wanted to be a man, and a man I am. 5. Quiet and shy, he was never more comfortable than when at his workbench. 6. It was dark outside as she shut the garden gate. 7. A teacher should have patience in his work. 8. He found one possible solution.
In South America there are many little magazines and they are widely read. 省略人称代词 She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it. 省略做宾语的代词 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 省略非人称代词 it It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 省略非人称代词 it The sun was slowly rising above the sea. 省略冠词 Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.
一、英译汉中的省略法
句法性减省 （syntactic omission）
句法性减省
与英语相比，汉语中没有冠词，而代 词、连词、介词的使用频率也远远没有 英语中使用的频率那么高。这样，在英 汉翻译时，若碰到句子中使用了这些词 语，就要考虑在译文中省去它们，以使 译文简洁通畅。另外，英语中的系动词 和先行词在汉译中也经常可以省略不译。
（C-E)
1. 要妥善处理改革、发展、稳定的关系。 2. 她的疯狂行为真让人难以理解。 3. 在生态环境保护问题上，发展中国家存在的问题比较严 重。 4. 本次会议讨论的重点是世界经济发展状况。 5. 这种自满情绪会严重影响到你学习的进步的。
6. 人们利用科学去了解自然，改造自然。 7. 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。 8. 要是下三天的雨，难道我就在这住三天不成？ 9. 这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。m 10. 作为2008年奥运会的东道主，中国人好客的态度和热情 给许许多多的外国人留下了深刻的印象。
伟大的历史性的转变。
historical change
佣金的多少取决于订货量的大小。 Commission depends on the quantity of goods ordered.
4. 省略概括词
水是由氢和氧两种元素组成的。 Water consists of the elements of hydrogen and oxygen. 这篇论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭 三个方面的新成就。 The thesis summed up the new achievements made in computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
answers
1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 8.
9.
10.
We have to balance reform, development and stability. Her madness is so difficult to understand. With regard to environmental protection, there exists serious problem in developing countries. The conference will focus on the development of the world’s economy. Such arrogance will severely affect your study. People use science to understand and change nature. We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problem. Am I to stay here for three days if it rains that long? These new cars are fast, efficient and handy. As the host of 2008 Olympic Games, the Chinese people have impressed foreigners by their hospitality.
她因那病开过两次刀后，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。
修辞性减省
修辞性省略是从译文修辞角度考 虑，省略英文中的某些词语。这些 词语的含义在译文中虽无但已有其 意，如果不将其省略，就可能造成 译文语意的重复或累赘。
英译汉中的省略法
省略一些汉语中可有可无的词
University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. This treatment did not produce any harmful side effect. 这种治疗方法并没有产生任何副作用。