Unit 3 增词法和减词法

3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。
Men and women,old and young in the village,all like shopping in this small supermarket.
4．我妈妈来了，我得回去了。
My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now.
文中暗含的意思：
1．大家都知道xx战场是艰苦些。
Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.
2．要提倡xx。
We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.添加注释性的词语：
汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语;另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。
1．大作收到，十分高兴。
I have very glad to have received yourwriting.
2．没有调查就没有发言权。
He whomakes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
一、重复出现某词（排比句中）
1．俘虏望望沈明，又望望其他的人，没有说下去。Looking at Shen Ming, then at the others, the prisoner of war fell silent.
The prisoner of war looked at Shenming and then the others.He did not keep on talking.
汉语中的典故、谚语以及在一定的历史、政治条件下形成的某些名词、术语和简化的说法，汉语读者熟悉，而英语读者不一定能看懂。
1．班门弄斧
Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Luban the master carpenter.
Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.
Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“The people of Chinahave always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”
4．质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge,but a neutron has neither.
3．xx同志曾说：
“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、用语革命的。”Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“The people of Chinahave always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”
2．三个并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。
This young couple is not well-matched,one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty,while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute.
She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect hereyes.
6．孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。
The children take their lunch to school every day.
7．我们的心永远向着祖国。
Our hearts are always towards our motherland.
2.在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业。
Under the leadership of the Party,the Chinese people have succeed in their liberation.
作业：
Exercises:
1.我们必须培养分析问题，解决问题的能力。
2.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。
4.滥竽充数：
增加概括性的词语：
汉语里有时不用表明事物范畴的概括性的词语，而翻译成英语时却往往需要增加进去，使意思更加清楚。
1.结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。
The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.
3．那我们在xx见吧。
Let’s meet atthe foot of the hill.
冠词：
1．她不把他当xx，而当作亲爹。
She considered him not a father-in-law but afather.
2．我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。
二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。
3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。
After you have read these stories, tell themin your own words.
4．我们响应了祖国的号召。
We responded to the call of our motherland.
5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。
3.他们是亲密无间的朋友。
4.这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。
5.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
6.理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。
7.天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
8.所有公民在法律面前一律平等。
5．送君千里，终有一别。
介词：
英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。
1．我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。
We should try to eliminate the difference between town and country.
2．你白天还是晚上飞xx？
Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night?
Unit 3增词法和减词法（Amplification and Omission）
课时：
2 H
教学目的要求：
在汉译英中能熟练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。
教学重点：
增词法和减词法（代词和连词）
教学难点：
汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。
教学内容：
Amplification:
一、为了保证语法结构的完整：
代词：
2．我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义和毛泽东思想。
We must adhere to the socialist road,the people’s democratic dictatorship,the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Lenism andMao Zedong Thought.
二、xx表示xx的词：
汉语中的名词，如任务、工作、情况、状态、问题、制度、事业、局面等通常具有具体的含义，应当照常翻译，但如果用来表示范畴，失去具体含义，可以省略不翻译。
1．基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面，中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防弹轿车。
The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.
2.也许您忘记了７月份的购货帐还没有结算。
Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet bee settled.
Omission:
汉语中有许多句子，如果直接翻译成英语，就显得冗长，特别是汉语多用排比句。
连词：
汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。
1．虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
2．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.