我国竞技体育发展方式转向的思考

我国竞技体育发展方式转向的思考

摘要：运用文献资料法，对我国竞技体育发展方式转变的方向进行分析。新中国成立以来，我国竞技体育采用的是一种后发外生性的发展方式，它以“为国争光”为核心目标，“自上而下”产生发展动力，以行政手段为主配置资源，用非均衡发展获得局部突破，竞技体育内在发展的各要素之间的自然逻辑遭到破坏，竞技体育在取得骄人成绩的同时也产生了一些不平衡、冲突和错位问题。当前，我国竞技体育实现全面均衡发展的物质基础已有保证，“自下而上”的内生动力逐步显现，发展的目标取向逐步回归本真，“分享运动”理念逐渐受到重视。同时，它肩负了竞技体育强国建设的发展目标和竞技体育发展方式转变的发展要求。我国竞技体育自身内部的发展因素不断成熟，未来它将走上一条自我良性发展的内生式发展道路。??

关键词：竞技体育；发展方式；内生式发展；发展方式转向??

中图分类号：G 80??05文章编号：

1009??783X(2014)02??0141??04文献标志码：A??

Abstract：The present study analyses the transformation of sports development mode in China with the research method of

literature review.Some conclusions are as follows:the developing mode of sports follows the exogenous approach in China since the foundation of the new country in 1949,which bears the characteristics of “winning honor for the country”,obvious “top??down” development

momentum,allocating resources with administrative means,and making local breakthrough with unbalanced

development,resulting in the destruction of the natural logic among the elements of sports development.This development mode produces some imbalance,conflict and discord although it makes great success.At present there is enough material basis to develop sports in a comprehensive and balanced approach in China.And the “bottom??up” endogenous fo rce gradually reveals its momentum.The orientation of the development goal of sports steadily traces to the core.The concept of “sharing sport” is progressively taken seriously.At the same time,it shoulders both the development goal of constructing a world competitive sports power and the development requirement of transforming the development mode of competitive sports.The internal development factors of sports in our country have become increasingly mature,and it will surely take an endogenous approach of benign development in the future.??

Keywords：competitive sport；development mode；endogenous development；transformation of development mode?お?

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收稿日期：2013??04??11??

基金项目：国家哲学社会科学基金项目（体育类）

（12BTY006）；上海体育学院研究生创新科研培育项目（yjscx2012003）；上海市大文科研究生学术新人培育计划资助（xsxr2012017）。??

作者简介：辜德宏（1975―），男，湖南桃源人，在读博士研究生，讲师，研究方向为竞技体育组织与管理；蔡端伟（1970―），男，河南洛阳人，在读博士研究生，副教授，研究方向为体育教育训练学；吴贻刚（1963―），男，湖南长沙人，教授，研究方向为竞技体育组织与管理。??

作者单位：1.上海体育学院体育教育训练学院，上海200438；2.湖南涉外经济学院体育学院，长沙410205；3.河南师范大学体育学院，新乡453007??

1.College of Physical Education and Training,Shanghai University of Sports,Shanghai 200438,China;

2.College of Physical Education,Hunan International Economics University,Changsha,Hunan 410205,China;

3.College of Physical Education,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan