华师《翻译理论与实践》在线作业-0001.3CDAF56A-EF13
《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案
一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼（两讲合并）第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译（包括连接三讲）第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁（两讲合并）第23讲翻译美学之思考（两讲合并）二．汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲：英汉语美感比读（两讲合并）第4讲：理性概译：翻译之坦途第5讲：英语句式的亮点：非人称主语句（两讲合并）第6讲：汉译英有用的句型（两讲合并）第7讲：类析汉译英常见拙译（三讲合并）第8讲：从“湖光山色”的英译说开去（两讲合并）第9讲：Denotation和Connotation（两讲合并）第10讲：翻译，你的本质是什么？第11讲：归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语：1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体。
翻译理论与实践作业
班级：2011英研：金美学号：英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、倒置法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
一、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。
总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
如：1）You could be mad as a mad dog at the way things went.你可以像疯狗那样对周围的一切愤愤不平．（出处：电影《返老还童》2） A she sailed into it.在他航行中找到的。
（出处：电影《加勒比海盗4》）3）Spanzurati it! Place the neck and lathe!吊死她！用绳子勒死她！（出处：电影《加勒比海盗4》）4）I was told you came to London Thi to find a crew.我听说你到伦敦找一个船员。
翻译理论与实践.doc
第一章英汉文化对比与翻译有一则趣谈:一所国际公寓闹火灾,里面住有犹太人,法国人,美国人和中国人.犹太人急急忙忙先搬出的是他的保险箱,法国人先拖出的是他的情人,美国人则先抱出他的妻子,而中国人则先背出的是他的老母.一、文化的定义文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富,精神财富和相应的创造才能的总和。
文化包括物质文化与精神文化,物质文化是指文化中看得见,摸得着的那部分,因此也称之为硬文化.相对来说,精神文化就是软文化,而软文化则是文化的深层结构。
美国著名翻译理论家尤金．奈达将语言文化特性分为五类：Ecological Culture 生态文化Material Culture物质文化Social Culture社会文化Religious Culture宗教文化Linguistic Culture语言文化二.中西方文化差异（一）西方重唯理,思辩,中方重经验,直觉（二）西方的细节分析与中方的整体综合（三）中西方价值观与人生追求的不同三、文化影响翻译的表现形式:(一)词汇空缺现象（Zero of equivalent word）在一种语言里的有些词在另一种语言里没有对等或契合的词,有人称这种情况为词汇空缺(lexical gap) Salad沙拉Lost Generation迷惘的一代Beat Generation垮掉的一代Baby Boomers生育高峰儿婴儿潮一代Y uppies雅皮士Dinks丁克Sandwich Generation三明治世代Couch Potato电视迷老泡在电视机前的人；终日懒散的人Mall Rats购物狂Hippie嬉皮士功夫kongfu叩头kowtow 炕Kang太极Taichi粽子Zongzi苦力Kuli饺子jiaozi 还有一些民族文化内涵特别丰富的词语，在翻译时也必须采用释义或注释等方法，说明该词的语用含义，才能使译语读者了解原语独特的文化现象。
如：钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”。
翻译理论与实践(汉译英)习题及参考答案
翻译理论与实践（汉译英）习题第一周词的选择复习思考题：翻译下列句子，注意选词：我的表不准，每天快十多分钟。
时间过得真快！情人节快到了。
这把刀很快。
参考译文：My watch doesn’t keep good time. It gains more than ten minutes a day.How time does fly!Valentine’s Day is near. Or:Valentine’s Day is at hand. Or:Valentine’s Day is drawing near.The knife is really sharp. (*The knife is swift.)第二周词语翻译技巧（词义引申）复习思考题练习：根据本节所讲进行选词1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。
2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。
3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。
4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。
5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。
6.世界科技进步和产业结构的调整，亚太地区经济的迅速增长，给我国经济发展提供了有利条件。
在我国中长期发展中，也有不可制约的因素，突出的是：……7.在1993年亚太经合组织第一次领导人非正式会议上，我曾说过，把一个什么样的世界带到二十一世纪，是我们这一代领导人必须认真思考和解决的重大问题。
环顾新世纪初的世界和亚太地区形势，可以说是有喜有忧。
8.为了进行认真细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。
9.专家普遍认为积极的财政政策对于最近几年的经济快速增长势头起了很大作用，2003年，这一政策的实施除了应向社会保障，农村教育及基础设施倾斜以外，还应从政府投资转向民间投资。
10.这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处，孔子的思想强调的是中庸适度。
翻译理论与实践(13)
作业讲评：望梅止渴曹操是三国时期杰出的军事家和政治家。
有一次，在烈日炎炎的夏天，他带领军队穿过一个缺水的地区。
骄阳似火，前面的道路就象一片沙漠，没有一点阴凉处，没有半点有水的迹象。
最后，连最强壮的士兵都难以忍受了，曹操只好命令部队停下来休息，并派出士兵四处寻水。
不久，派出去的人陆续回来了，报告说这片荒凉的土地向四面延伸到老远的地方，既无河流，也无湖泊。
这实在令人沮丧，于是曹操命令挖井。
挖了半天，也见不到一滴水。
形势变得严峻了。
士兵们都感到绝望。
必须想办法渡过危机。
曹操是一个机敏的人，他眉头一皱，计上心来。
“听着，”他鞭梢往前方一指，对士兵们说，“我曾经到过这儿，对这儿的情况很熟悉。
前面不远处有一片梅林。
现在梅子熟了，又多又大，够我们吃的。
如果我们呆在这儿，无异于等死，何不赶到哪儿去，吃个痛快？出发吧，早到早享口福！”一提到梅子，大家口里都流出了口水，也就不感到渴得那么难受了。
他们一个个从地上站起来，士气为之一振，曹操抓紧时机，带领部队前进，终于摆脱了困境。
Quenching Thirst by Thinking of PlumsCao Cao, an excellent militarist as well as a famous politician in the Three Kingdoms Period, was once on a fiery summer day leading his army to advance through an area which lacked water resources. The hot sun was merciless; the road ahead was just like a desert; not the faintest shadow, not a sign of water. Finally even the toughest soldiers could no longer endure it, so Cao Cao had to give orders that the troops have a rest and soldiers be sent to look for water. But very soon reports came one by one that the barren land extended in every direction with no revers or lakes at all. This was really discouraging. Cao Cao had to order his men to dig wells. But this was to no effect. Now the situation seemed desperate. The whole army began to lose hope. Something must be done at once to tide over the crisis. Cao Cao was a man of resources. He knitted his brows and a stratagem came to mind.“Listen,” he shouted to his men, his whip pointing ahead. “I have once been here, and this area is familiar to me. Not very far away in front, there is an orchard of plum trees! Now the plums are ripe, big and enough for all of us! If we stay here, death will get in possession of us, so why don’t we rush there and eat to our hearts’ content?Now start, the early bird gets the worm, you know.”The mere mention of plums brought water to everyone’s mouth, which quenched their thirst to some degree.They all got up from the ground, their spirits raised. Cao Cao took advantage of this and thus managed to get the whole army out of the awkward fix.Comparison between English and Chinese (continued)indirect (间接) vs. direct（直接）1.euphemism (委婉)euphemisms for certain occupationsrat-catcher----exterminating engineertree-trimmer----tree surgeonundertaker----morticianhair-dresser----beauticianfloor-sweeper-----custodian-engineercobbler----shoe-rebuilderjanitor----superintendent/custodianprostitution----the oldest profession in the worldprostitute----street walker, business girl, call girl, working girl, pavement princessdustbin man----sanitary engineereuphemisms for some social, political, military termsstrike----industrial actiondebt----cash advanceeconomic crisis----recessionpoor people----the underprivileged, the disadvantaged, the indigent, the have-nots, the needyAt first I was poor. Then I became needy. Later I was underprivileged. Now I am disadvantaged. I still don’t have a cent to my name, but I sure have a great vocabulary.Attack----active defenseRetreat----strategic withdralOld people----senior citizensIn one’s old age----elderly, getting on in years, past one’s primeVenereal disease----social diseaseAsylum----mental homeGraveyard/cemetery-----memorial park, permanent camp, resting placeDead house -----funeral parlorFat----weightyThin-----slim, slender, wilowyPregnant----in the family way, expecting, in an interesting conditionDie ----to pass away, go to one’s long home, pay the debt of nature, pay Saint Peter a visit…Illegitimate child-----bastard, love childFree love----trial marriagePorngraphic movies (books) ----adult, X-rated, blue movies (books),Adultery----misconduct, intimacyRape----assaultToilet, lavatory----rest room, wash room, bathroom, powder room, convenient room, comfortable room, the smallest room, men’s/ women’s roomGo to the toilet----go to the washroom, spend a penny wash one’s hands, get some fresh air, answer the call of nature Urinate----to do number one, pass waterDefecate----to do mumber two, make stool,Shorts, bras-----unmentionables, unexpressibles2.understatement (克制陈述)An English man will say “I have a little house in the country”; when he invites you to stay with him you will find that the little house is a place with 300 bedrooms. If you are a world tennis-champion, say “Yes, I don’t play too badly”. If you have crossed the Atlantic in a small boat, say “I do a little sailing”.3.litotes (间接肯定) (not bad for “good”; not small for “big, great”)To my no small astonishment, I found the house on fire.It serves no little purpose to continue public discussion of this issue.I could n’t feel better.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.In Chinese we have: 未尝不可，不无遗憾，不虚此行，等4.indirect negation (间接否定)You could have come at a better time.You are telling me!As if anyone would believe the story. (鬼才相信那一套。
16春华师《翻译理论与实践》在线作业
16春华师《翻译理论与实践》在线作业华师《翻译理论与实践》在线作业一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 50 分。
）1. omputr nnot rmmr who (); it simply os wht ().. hs us it; it is tol. will us it; it ws tol. uss it; it hs tol. hs us it; it tol正确答案：2. Thy oulnt t in rsturnt us () of thm h () mony on thm.. ll; no. ny; no. non; ny. no on; ny正确答案：3. () sh is not so hlthy () sh us to ?. It ws why; tht's wht. Is it why tht; s. Why is it tht; s. Why it is tht; tht正确答案：4. -Whn r you lving? -My pln () t six.. took off. is out to tk off. tks off. will tk off正确答案：5. Mrs. rown ws muh isppoint to s th wshing mhin sh h () wnt wrong gin.. it rpir. to rpir. to rpir. rpir正确答案：6. -You must xit out going to Jpn for shooling. --(),ut Im fri I nt o wll us my Jpns is poor.. Nvr min. Wll,I ought to. I on't know yt. rtinly not正确答案：7. You n go out () you promis to k for 11 olok.. so tht. s fr s. so long s. in s正确答案：8. It ws not until lirtion tht () to his homtown.. i h rturn. ws h rturn. h i rturn. h rturn正确答案：9. Jk () yt lst night, othrwis h () m.. mustn't hv rriv; must hv phon. n't hv rriv; woul hv phon. my hv rriv; n hv phon. shouln't hv rriv; n hv phon正确答案：10. Th ston on th rivr nk roll unr hr ft; sh ws ()into th rivr,n sh ll out for hlp. . ing jump. jump. pull. ing pull正确答案：11. Hnry nt ttn th prty () t Toms hous t prsnt us h is prpring th sph t th prty () t Mris hous tomorrow.. hl; ing hl. to hl; to hl. to hl; hl. ing hl; to hl正确答案：12. Lst trm our mths thr st so iffiult n xmintion prolm () non of us work out. . tht. s. so tht. whih正确答案：13. In th 16-19 g group,32 of womn smok () 28 of mn.. ompring to. ompring with. ompr to. ompr with正确答案：14. -Thnk you vry muh. -You r wlom. I ws () gl to hlp.. too muh. only too. not so. vry muh正确答案：15. -I xpt vrything will turn out s you wish.-().. Th sm to you. ll right. I' lik to. rtinly正确答案：16. n,ustrli n Nw Zln r ll () ountris.. Spokn nglish. nglish spokn. spking nglish. nglish spking正确答案：17. How plsnt th pitur is to ()!. look. for looking t. looking t. look t正确答案：18. -r you stisfi with hr nswr?-Not t ll. It oulnt hv n ().. wors. so. ttr. th wors正确答案：19. lthough h ws isl whn h ws only tn yrs of g, yt h im (), for whih his lssmts spok () of him.. high; high. highly; highly. highly; high. high; highly正确答案：20. -You must ll thm vry wk. - Ys, I ().. must. shoul. hv to. will正确答案：21. I will giv th ook to () wnts to r it.. whovr. whomvr. who. whom正确答案：22. () Suny, rthr thn () t hom, I prfrr ().. It ing; sty; to trvl. ing; to sty; to trvl. shvings n; sty; trvl. It ws; to sty; trvlling正确答案：23. Th nw mhin,if () proprly,will work t lst tn yrs.. us. using. ing us. us正确答案：24. -W wnt somon to sign th nw rt musum for us. -() th young fllow hv try?. My. Shll. N正确答案：25. It ws fiv olok in th ftrnoon () thy lim up to th top of th mountin.. sin. whn. Tht. until正确答案：26. Is thr inm roun () I n s movi?. tht. whih. whr. wht正确答案：27. Historilly, () min mtril for mking tls hs n woo, ut () mtl n ston hv lso n us . th; /. . /; /. th; th# /; th正确答案：28. -o you think w n gt thr on tim? -Ys,() th truk osnt rk own.. vn if. unlss. until. so long s正确答案：29. Thr r forty fiv stunts in our lss, n thy r () intrst in footll. . most. lmost. mostly正确答案：30. Th tls,() mny of you r ol nough to rmmr,m from Livrpool.. for. though. s. sin正确答案：31. () moil phon n you ring () you wnt to tlk with nywhr .. Using; whovr. Only on; whomvr. y; whomvr. With; whovr正确答案：32. Whn h ws littl oy,h () on th frm.. us to working. us to work. got us to work. ws us to work正确答案：33. -Whn () you rturn th itionry to m?-Only whn I () you nxt Suny. . will;s. o;will s. will;will s. o;s正确答案：34. It is too rly in th () to xpt mny visitors to th ity.. tim. hour. trm正确答案：35. ---n you finish th writing on tim? ---().. Nvr min. With plsur. No prolm. ll right正确答案：36. Its wht h i () wht h si tht mov us.. xpt for. ut so. inst. rthr thn正确答案：37. ——Wht out () jo? ——Its too iffiult () jo for m.. th;. th; th. ; th. ;正确答案：38. —Why not go out for wlk for rkfst? —Oh,ys. () is my fvorit tim of y.. In th rly morning. rly morning. Th rly of morning. Th rly morning tht正确答案：39. It will quit long tim () sh is k gin, so ont too ross with hr.. tht. for. until正确答案：40. How pls th ttiv ws () wht his ustomr tol him!. hring. hr. to hring. to hr正确答案：41. I m gl tht th Olympi Gms will hl in 2008 in hin, () ?. shll w. rn't I. won't it. won't thy正确答案：42. -r thr ny nglish Story ooks for us stunts in th lirry? -Thr r only fw, (). . if ny. if thr. if som. if hs正确答案：43. Th sun ws shining rightly, () vrything thr () mor utiful.. mking; look. to mk; look. n m; looking. n mking; look正确答案：44. —I fil gin. I wish I () hrr. —ut you ().. h work; hn't. work; on't. h work; in't. work; in't正确答案：45. So fr, svrl ships hv n rport missing () th ost of rmu Isln.. off. long. on. roun正确答案：46. --Shll w mt right now?--Sorry. Im too usy to () for th momnt.. gt through. gt wy. gt off. gt togthr正确答案：47. -r you pls with wht h hs on? -Not in th lst. It oulnt ().. so. muh ttr. ny wors. th st正确答案：48. -How n I us this wshing mhin? -Wll, just rfr to th ().. xplntions. xprssions. introutions. irtions正确答案：49. -i your unl fly to Pris irtly? -No,h trvll from Hong Kong ()Lonon. . Through. y wy of. ross. on wy of正确答案：50. Ill giv th priz to () finishs th work first.. whomvr. whovr. who. nyon正确答案：华师《翻译理论与实践》在线作业二、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 50 分。
《翻译理论与实践》习题
《翻译理论与实践》练习试题I Translate the following sentences into Chinese：1. John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.2. Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.3. I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury.4. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.5. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.6. The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. It borders Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.7. Only when we study their properties can we make better use of these materials.8. I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.II Translate the following sentences into English：1.在此期间，克兰处于半饥饿状态，而且常常生病，但他仍坚持写作。
17春秋华师《翻译理论与技巧》在线作业
17春秋华师《翻译理论与技巧》在线作业华师《翻译理论与技巧》在线作业一、单选题（共31 道试题，共62 分。
）1. And I suppose she’ll tell all the boys, the old cat. ____A. 我想她会告诉所有的男人，这只老猫B. 我想她会告诉所有的男人，这个长舌的老太婆！正确答案：2. 明年将出版更多的书籍。
____A. Next year will publish a greater number of new booksB. A greater number of new books will be published next year.正确答案：3. Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented. ____A. 只是在电动机发明之后，电力才成了人类的仆人B. 只是在电动机发明之后，电力才开始造福于人类。
正确答案：4. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
____A. The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effortB. Language is something one cannot master it without painstaking effort.正确答案：5. The little girl ____ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.A. was made useB. was made usedC. was made use ofD. was made used of正确答案：6. 但我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
____A. But there has been too much publicity about my case.B. But now everybody in the city knows about my thing.正确答案：7. People someti mes expect gratitude when they aren’t entitled to it. ____A. 有时人们在没有权利这么做的时候，也希望别人感激他们。
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B:to read the
C:reading a
D:being read the
答案：C
I am glad that the Olympic Games will be held in 2008 in China, () ?
A:shall we
B:aren't I
C:won't it
A:Agreed
B:suggested
C:promised
D:hoped
答案：C
Bettys English is () than () in the class.
A:much better; anyone else
B:far better; anyone else's
C:a lot better; anyone's else
华师《翻译理论与实践》在线作业-0001
—I failed again. I wish I () harder. —But you ().
A:had worked; hadn't
B:worked; don't
C:had worked; didn't
D:worked; didn't
答案：C
He () me to keep away from cigarette and take more exercise.
A:Never mind
B:Well,I ought to
C:I don't know yet
D:Certainly not
答案：B
() we know, hurricane is () to come.
A:As soon as; possible
B:As long as; probable
A:making; look
B:to make; looked
C:and made; looking
D:and making; be looked
答案：A
-Do you think we can get there on time? -Yes,() the truck doesnt break down.
D:sometimes
答案：A
Is there a cinema around () I can see a movie?
A:that
B:which
C:where
D:what
答案：C
-Id rather have some wine, if you dont mind. -().
A:No, you'd better not
A:the; the; the; such
B:the; a; /; such
C:a; /; a; such a
D:a; a; /; such a
答案：C
Exercise is () as any other to lose unwanted weight.
A:so useful a way
B:as a useful way
C:as useful a way
D:such useful way
答案：C
Let us hope we can settle the matter without () more trouble.
A:any
B:a little
C:some
D:little
答案：A
They couldnt eat in a restaurant because () of them had () money on them.
D:do;see
答案：A
-We want someone to design the new art museum for us. -() the young fellow have a try?
A:May
B:Shall
C:Will
D:Need
答案：B
-You must be excited about going to Japan for schooling. --(),but Im afraid I cant do well because my Japanese is poor.
D:a great deal better; anyone's else's
答案：B
If you keep on, youll succeed (). Wish you success in the examinations.
A:in time
B:at one time
C:for the same time
D:won't they
答案：D
-How can I use this washing machine? -Well, just refer to the ().
A:explanations
B:expressions
C:introductions
D:directions
答案：D
-Wouldnt be () wonderful world, if all na one another? -What () pleasure to live in () world!
B:Not at all, anything you want
C:Thank you all the same
D:Yes, but not good
答案：B
-What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. It is worth () second time.
A:even if
B:unless
C:until
D:so long as
答案：D
-When () you return the dictionary to me?-Only when I () you next Sunday.
A:will;see
B:do;will see
C:will;will see
A:all; no
B:any; no
C:none; any
D:no one; any
答案：C
Ill give the prize to () finishes the work first.
A:whomever
B:whoever
C:who
D:anyone
答案：B
The sun was shining brightly, () everything there () more beautiful.