项目管理Lecture3

✦
Resource management
♦ manpower ♦ equipment & facility ♦ materials ♦ money
Dealing with Obstacles
! Every
project is unique in some way ! The project manager will most likely face a series of crises ! Always a potential threat - “scope creep” ! Another inherent problem is the unclear authority/responibility of the project manager
Should not select a project manager simply because of:
✦ maturity
or seniority ✦ availability ✦ technical expertise ✦ standing policy of “job rotation” ✦ customer preference ✦ personal relationship
The Project “Staff”
Very few people will work “for” the project manager permanently ! The “team” will disband at the end of the project ! The project manager should look out for project members’ future ! Else as the project winds down, everyone will be looking after themselves – remember PROJECTITIS, the Hartlepool Nuclear Power Station story?
Question for discussion
What do you consider to be the desirable characteristics of Project Manager ?
NY Times advert. for a project manager (2 Jan. 72)
✦
Planning & control management
♦ project plan and tasks schedule ♦ progress monitoring ♦ contingency and corrective actions ♦ conflict resolution ♦ resource utilisation & performance
Personable, well-educated, literate individual with college degree in engineering to work for a small firm. Long hours, no fringe benefits, no security, little chance for advancement are among the inducement offered. Job requires wide knowledge and experience in manufacturing, materials, construction techniques, economics, management and mathematics. Competence in the use of spoken and written English is required. Must be willing to suffer personal indignities from clients, professional derision from peers in the more conventional jobs, and slanderous insults from colleagues. Job involves frequent extended trips to inaccessible locations throughout the world, manual labour and extreme frustration from the lack of data on which to make decisions. Applicant must be willing to risk personal and professional future on decisions based upon inadequate information and complete lack of control over acceptance of recommendations by clients. Responsibilities for the work are unclear and little or no guidance is offered. Authority commensurate with responsibility is not provided either by the firm or its clients. Applicant should send resume, list of publications, references and other supporting documentation to ….
!
Comparing Functional & Project Manager
Functional manager needs technical skills while project manager needs negotiation skills ! Functional manager must be skilled at analysis while project manager must be skilled at synthesis ! Functional manager uses the analytic approach while project manager uses the systems approach ! Functional manager is responsible for a small area while project manager is responsible for the big picture ! Functional manager is a manager while project manager is a facilitator
Biblioteka Baidu
The Project / Client
! Preserve
the integrity of the project
# This may be difficult with all sides wanting changes
! Keep
the client informed of major changes
Design Department
EE & I Department
Chairman
Project Coordinator + S
S
S
S
S = Supervisor RA = Research Assistant
RA4
RA1
RA2
RA3
CIM Research Team
How would you describe the organizational structure adopted in this project? What problems would you foresee?
The project environment
✦ short
term objectives ✦ one off tasks or unique elements ✦ temporary - life cycle management ✦ interface management - coordination & integration ✦ authority & accountability ✦ competitive & limited resources ✦ conflict ridden
!
Project Manager Responsibilities
" " "
The parent company The project/client The project staff
The Parent Company
! Proper
usage of resources ! Timely and accurate reports ! Keep project sponsor and stake-holders informed
PROJECT MANAGER & MOTIVATION
(READING – MEREDITH & MANTEL - CHAPTER 3)
CIM Research Project
CIM Project Committee Ex Officio HoD
Mech E Department
CS Department
!
The project manager - the “focal
point of integrated responsibility”
✦
Interface management
♦ project/customer ♦ project /upper management ♦ project/functional departments ♦ project /contractors ♦ project/other external bodies
Introduction
According to Rear Admiral Grace Hopper, inventor of COBOL, Leadership and management are two different things. You lead people and you manage things/projects. Leadership is a talent only a few are born with. Management is a skill that anyone can acquire.
Dealing with Obstacles
! !
Continued
Early problems associated with resources Later problems are associated with…
Project Manager
Project managers are usually generalists ! It would be very unusual for a project manager to have all the technical skills that are used on their projects ! The project manager rarely decides who performs each task and lacks the technical skills to evaluate much of the work performed on the project ! That is, they exercise very little control over most aspects of the work that gets performed on the project