土木工程专业英语(第二版 段兵延)第1课

土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电 站、水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及 现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。
土木工程专业英语 http://www.swust.net.cn
Civil engineering and civil engineers
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads， pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial， commercial, or residential use．
土木工程专业英语
http://www.swust.net.cn
Words
Predominate =pre(前、预)+dominate(控制) Geotechnical=geo(地球的、地的)+technical(技术的) Specification=specify(规定)+ation(名词后缀) 规定、规范、说 明书 Supervise=super(超的、在上面的)+vise(vision 看的词根) Subcontractor=sub(次、下)+contractor(承包商) Combustible=combust(燃烧)+ible(可能的)=可燃的
土木工程专业英语
http://www.swust.net.cn
Words
2. geotechnical [dʒi:əu'teknikəl]岩土工程的
geo-[构词成分]：地球、土地 geography [dʒi'ɔɡrəfi] 地理学 geobiology ['dʒi:əubai'ɔlədʒi] 地理生物学 geocentric [,dʒi(:)əu'sentrik] 以地球为中心的 5. subcontractors 转包商 sub-[前缀]： （1）在……底下 subsoil （2）（地位、级别）低、副 subeditor （3）分、再 subdivide （4）几乎、近于 subarctic suburban
从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公 共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。
土木工程专业英语
http://www.swust.net.cn
Scope 范围
Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties．
土木工程专业英语
http://www.swust.net.cn
Civil engineering and civil engineers
Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocketlaunching facilities.
从工程开始到结束，施工管理专家监督和协调这些土木工 程专家们工作。
Based on information supplied by the other specialists，construction management civil engineers estimate quantities and costs of materials and labor，schedule all work，order materials and equipment for the job，hire contractors and subcontractors，and perform other supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as specified．
土木工程专业英语 http://www.swust.net.cn
Organization of this text
Structural engineering Water resources engineering Geotechnical engineering Environmental engineering Transportation engineering Civil engineering
同时，结构专家用初始资料来做工程的详细设计，规划和 说明书。
土木工程专业英语 http://www.swust.net.cn
Scope 范围
Supervising and coordinating the work of these civil engineer specialists，from beginning to end of the project，are the construction management specialists．
（3）（社会团体等）独立的 此外，土木工程师规划、设计和修建整个城市和乡镇，最 近已经开始规划和设计空间站以容纳独立的（科研）团体。
土木工程专业英语 http://www.swust.net.cn
Civil
The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen．
运输专家要确定需用什么类型的设施来减轻由完工的工程 产生的荷载对当地道路和其他运输网带来的压力。
Meanwhile，structural specialists use preliminary data to make detailed designs，plans，and specifications for the project．
环境专家要研究工程对当地区域的影响：潜在的空气污染 和地下水污染，工程对当地动植物的影响，以及工程怎样设计 才能满足政府对保护环境的要求。
Transportation specialists determine what kind of facilities are needed to ease the burden on local roads and other transportation networks that will result from the completed project．
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他们也修建私人拥有的设施，如机场、铁路、管线、高楼 大厦，和为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。
In addition，civil engineers plan，design，and build complete cities and towns，and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities． space platform=space station 空间站，宇宙站 self-contained （1）沉默寡言的（2）设备齐全的
Pipeline engineering
Construction engineering Community and urban planning
Photogrametry，surveying，and mapping
Engineering management Engineering teaching
“土木”这个词是从拉丁语“citizen”派生而来。
In 1782，Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time．
Scope 范围
Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area： the potential for air and groundwater pollution，the project’s impact on local animal and plant life，and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment．
南京工业大学土木工程学院系列课程
土木工程专业英语
主讲 李秀菊
E-mail:lxjiem@163.com
Lesson 1 Civil Engineering 土木工程
New words and phrases:
predominate Specification subcontractor asphalt runoff fill incineration combustible excavate Aerial plotting Commission geotechnical supervise hurricane aluminum lock scrubber toxic ramp precisely sonic municipal drainage system 排水系统
When a project begins，the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement--water，sewer，and power lines．
当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图，他们 还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。
1782年，英国人John Smeaton 用这个术语来区分他的非军 事工程项目和当时占统治地位的军事工程师的工程项目。
Since then，the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities，although the field is much broader．
土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、 施工和管理。这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设 施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。
Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors， power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．
Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project．
岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否能承受这项工 程的重量。
土木工程专业英语 http://www.swust.net.cn
因为土木工程的范围太广，所以它被细分为许多技术专业。
Depending on the type of project，the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed．
根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程师专家的各种技能。