石油工程专业英语【课文翻译】
(完整版)石油工程专业英语【课文翻译】
Unit 1 Introduction to petroleum industry1) Introduction石油工业在我们的日常生活以及其他工业领域扮演着相当重要的角色。
石油工业可以主要分成上游部分、中游部分以及下游部分。
今天，许多大的石油公司，例如中国石油、中石化、中海油，都在中国开采着地下油藏的大量原油。
大多数原油和天然气都是由几百万年前在沼泽和海洋中的植物和动物形成的。
这些有机物与小溪和河流中的淤泥沉积在一起。
这些沉积最终压实形成了沉积岩石。
热量和压力把这些植物和动物中柔软的部分转化成为固态的、液态的和气态的碳氢化合物，也就是我们知道的煤、原油和天然气。
随着陆地和海洋的石油工业的快速繁荣，公众的注意力也集中到了石油工业的环境保护问题上来。
幸运的是，技术的创新、精心的培训、严格的法规都将让石油工业对人类、动物、土壤、空气和水的污染降低到最小。
✓Swamp: 沼泽，湿地✓Stringent : 严格的，必须遵守的2) Three main components of the industry今天，上游部分包括了超过100家勘探和生产公司以及数百家相关的部门，例如地震和钻井承包商，修井承包商，工程公司和各种科学技术服务公司和供给部门。
中游部分包括连接生产和消费领域的油气集输系统。
其他的设备将提炼硫和液态天然气，储存石油和天然气产品，并且用卡车、铁路以及油罐车运输产品。
下游部分由炼油厂、气体分离设备、原油零售商、服务站以及石油化工公司。
✓Service rig: 修井设备；修井机✓Utility：n. 功用，实用；a. 实用的；多用途的3) Finding oil and natural gasa)Exploration- the search for petroleum一个圈闭应该包含三个要素：●多孔油藏岩石来聚集石油和天然气—典型的岩石有：砂岩、石灰岩和白云岩。
●上覆不可渗透岩石来阻止油气的逃逸。
石油工程专业英语【课文翻译】(1)
Unit 2 Geology and reservoir trapsP24在石油工程中，工程师必须知道油藏是怎样的，石油是如何形成的，流涕在油藏中是如何流动的。
地质在石油勘探中扮演者主要的角色。
石油工程专业的学生应该学会辨认不同的圈闭类型，这些圈闭是油气储集的地方。
P26世界上被发现的大多数石油都是在相对低渗的多孔岩石中被圈闭起来的。
这些油藏通常离生成地都有很远的距离。
当碳氢化合物运移到地面的时候，就形成了油苗。
长此以往，就有大量的碳氢化合物逃逸到大气中。
流动水也可能冲刷掉碳氢化合物。
有时候只有较轻、易挥发的组分运移了，剩下的就是较重的原油。
P37Unit 4 Properties of reservoir rockP60Unit 6 Well completionP99 当一口完成了钻井，做完产层的经济评价之后就开始下套管，准备油气井的生产了。
完井的设备和方法是很多的，这个取决于具体井的油气储集类型、井具体阶段的开发要求，还有施工时候的经济状况。
低压套管，有时候还是二手的，可以用于产量是边际产量的井，并且其他的投资也要相应减少。
如果油井可能是高压，井的寿命预期较长，就会使用最好质量的油管。
Unit 7 Production of oil and gasP120气举是一种很灵活的方法，在海洋上可以用于斜井，并且可以迅速的适应于产量变化的需要以及产液种类变化的需要。
在多数井中，随着时间推移，井筒中产水量的增加会对压力系统有很显著的影响。
影响气举效率的一个重要因素就是气体与原油之间的滑脱效应。
Unit 11 Enhanced oil recoveryP193表面活性剂驱和碱驱的驱油机理是建立在形成极低的界面张力的基础上的，其中聚合物驱或者表面活性剂/聚合物驱是利用控制流度来提高采收率。
注入的碱与油藏中的石油衍生物脂肪酸发生化学反应，就地生成脂肪酸钠盐。
生成的这种表面活性剂就可以形成极低的界面张力。
石油工程专业英语(汉译英)
UNIT 1The petroleum industry plays a decisive role in the modern industry,and also plays a very important role on the social, economic development.Petroleum includes crude oil and natural gas in a broad sense, but it refers only to crude oil in a narrow sense.In China, the oil industry is divided into upstream (oil exploration, exploitation ,storage and transportation) and downstream (petroleum processing and sales) .While in a foreign country, this industry is divided into upstream sector, midstream sector and downstream sector,oil storage and transportation industry is in the midstream sector.In petroleum exploration, geologist, seismologist, geophysics and geochemists find oil containing structure (TRAP)through rock analysis, seismic exploration and satellite remote sensing method to , and then confirm whether the structure contains the petroleum with industrial exploitation value through the drilling.Once the industrial oil flow appears, the structure can be put into development. In the development of petroleum, Petroleum Engineers (including drilling, oil extraction, oil, transportation engineers) in a variety of modern petroleum exploration technology, as much as possible from underground mining oil.In the early development of the oil reservoirs, can rely on its own energy from the ground.When the formation energy is exhausted, the artificial water flooding, gas injection, pumping and other methods to maintain a certain output, in the mining period, usually use some method of enhanced oil recovery to increase oil production and ultimate recoveryPetroleum processing can be divided into roughing and fine machining.In general, the upstream oil industry coarse processing (such as crude oil dehydration, degassing, and sand, natural gas dehydration and desulfurization), and fine processing of refinery completed by.In refinery, oil is refined into available commodity (such as gasoline, diesel, paraffin, asphalt) and industria l raw materials.UNIT 2Petroleum is hydrocarbon found in underground rock. In general, the oil was formed by biological bodies over millions of years under hypoxic ,high pressure and high temperature conditions. .But someothers think that petroleum was formed by acetylene that came from the hydrolyzed calcium carbide under high temperature, high pressure conditions.The oil migrated to a closed trap from the oil source over a long period of time,which is the reservoir what people mon traps have anticline trap, salt dome trap, coral reef trap and fault trap.three elements are eccensial:the Reservoir that accumulates petroleum,the barriert that prevent petrolum from escaping,the source that foms petroleum.Reservoir fluid including oil, gas, water.If the reservoir pressure is less than the saturation pressure of crude oil, the ma cro due to gravity difference in oil, gas and water: reservoir upper is gas, central is the crude oil, the lower is the water; at the micro level, if the reservoir is water wet, water distribution in the pore surface, oil distribution in pore CentralUNIT 3Oil is a natural mixtures that consists mainly of hydrocarbon.Petroleum includes crude oil and natural gas in a broad sense, but it refers only to crude oil in a narrow sense. Hydrocarbons is the main component of petroleum.According to the chemical composition,oil can be divided into alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbon.According to the relative density,oil can be divided into light and heavy oil.Oil in the hydrocarbon material, there are some non-hydrocarbon, mainly oxygen containing co mpounds (such as acids, esters, ketones, alcohols, phenols and), nitrogen (such as amide, pyridine, indoles and pyrroles etc.), sulphur compounds and non hydrocarbon material (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide).Natural gas by methane content is divided into dry gas and moisture.Dry gas is methane content of more than 98% of the natural gas, the moisture is rich in ethane, propane and butane gas.Liquefied petroleum gas mainly containing ethane, propane and butane.Natural gas non hydrocarbon gases are mainly nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.UNIT 4Petroleum and natural gas is stored in the cracks and pores of rock,rather than buried in the underground oil pool or oil river.Whether a petroleum reservoir has the industry value of mining or not depends on its rock properties,that is the reservoir rock must have a certain degree of reservoir and permeability.Porosity is the main parameter of rock reservoir, permeability is the main parameters of rock permeability.The reservoir usually contain oil, gas and water three-phase flow.Description of multiphase fluid flow parameter is relative easy degree of relative permeability.Relative permeability is defined as the effective permeability of a fluid rock absolute perme ability ratio.In reservoir exploitation process, the fluid phase relative permeability with different phases in the reservoir fluid s aturation changes, at the beginning of exploitation, high oil saturation, oil phase relative permeability is bigger, oil is more; in late stage of production, high water saturation, water phase relative permeability is bigger, more water production.Capillary pressure curve can describe the reservoir rock pore size distribution and reservoir rock microscopic inhomogeneity.If the reservoir rock pore distribution, reservoir ultimate recovery rate is higher.UNIT 5Drilling is the important part of petroleum engineering.Oil field exploration period need to make exploration and evaluation well, at the initial stage of development need to well, later need to make encryption by.Drilling equipment used for drilling rig, drilling machine is mainly composed of a power system, rotating system, a lifting s ystem and mud circulating system.The power system comprises a large diesel engine and d iesel generator; rotary system consists of a water faucet, drill pipe, drill, drill pipe and drill plate and other components; lifting system consists of winch, wire rope, pulley components; mud circulating system by a mud pump, vibration sieve, mud, mud, mud tank gas separation system.Well prepared to drilling.Began drilling surface hole, casing and cementing; the next is drilled by a drill drive, Kelly, a d rill rod and a drill bit rotation.Bit cutting rock, while circulating mud cuttings out of the gro und.When the drill to a certain depth, in order to protect the shallow water is not polluted and prevent the formation of collapse, in turn into the surface casing, intermediat e casing, casing, and fixed with cement; finally through the perforation or other open oil well completion method.Install oil tree, test well productivity, finally will be delivered to the oil well production unit.UNIT 6In general, a well has multiple casing strings, in proper sequence, from top to bottom that is the conductor pipe ,surface casing, intermediate casing, production casing.The space between the casing and the formation or among the casings are needed to be fixed with cement.The main function of casing is to fix the wall and prevent it from falling in.The completion operation is needed when the drill bit through the pletion work includes casing, perforation (or other well completion method) and oil testingWell completion method includes open hole completion, perforation completion, wire-wrapped screen pipe completion, tubingless completion and multiple completion.Open hole completion refers only to the top of the reservoir casing, formation open well completion method.The method is applicable to limestone, dolomite reservoir; perforated completion is the most widely used well completion method.Perforating gun for the casing wall, cement sheath and formation open, guide the oil from the oil reservoir into the well, the method is suitable for most sandstone reservoir; for loose sandstone reservoir, can be use d in combination with wire wrapped screen gravel pack completion method, is used to prevent the production of oil Ide Sa.For s mall size hole, can be used without tubing completion.UNIT 7Oil recovery is one of the most important part of petroleum engineering,with its mission is to mining underground crude oil as much as possible.In general, at an early stage of development, the flow of oil can spout out to the surface relying on its own energy.But the reservoir itself energy depletes quickly, oil recovery must rely on artificial lift technology.Artificial lift technology including gas lift, sucker rod pump and a rodless pump method.Gas lift is ground through the compr essor gas pumped downhole, the injected gas lift crude oil from flowing to the ground.Gas lift is suitable for offshore and inclined shaft of oil production.Sucker rod pump lifting (also called pumping unit or "pumps" oil) is the most widely used methods of extractio n, global oil production proportion exceeds 85%.A sucker rod pump for produ ction of single well in s mall, vertical well extraction.Rodless pump includes a hydraulic piston pump, hydraulic jet pump, screw pump and electric submersible pump.Hydraulic piston pump for deep well, horizontal well, well, sand and high wax content well; hydraulic jet pump for deep well with high temperature, sand, corrosive medium and thick oil well adaptability; screw pump for viscous oil recovery; electric submersible pump is suitable for high yield oil wells and offshore oil.UNIT 8In general, from the oil well output is not a single phase fluid, product in the gas phase, liquid phase and solid phase.The gas phase are natural gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen; liquid phase oil and water; solid phase of fine sand, silt and asphalt.Therefore, oil production of middle product separation and processing is a very important link.The output of oil wells ground separation is the use of oil, gas, water density, using horizontal or vertical multiphase sepa rator of oil, gas, water separation.After the separation of oil still exist a certain amount of water and sulfur, cannot achieve the refinery crude oil index, so the need for further dewatering and desulfurization process.The use of advanced technology and centrifugal separation technology to treat the demulsification of crude oil can enter the refineries for refining and processing.Preliminary treatment of natural gas needs further processing to enter the commercial gas pipeline.Natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide must first be desulfurization absorption tower, and molecular sieve technology processing of natural gas can reach the required content indicators.In addition to natural gas containing methane, also contains a higher value of ethane, propane, b utane, liquefied petroleum gas.Through the rich gas recovery device to ethane, propane, natural gas is separated from the.Oilfield produced water must be treated to achieve water quality ually in produced water containing high salinity salts.Output after precipitation, filtration, sterilization, demulsification, remove water droplets and solid phase, microorganism, meet the injection water quality after reinjection formation, in order to maintain formation pressure.If the treated water is disc harged directly, must meet strict emission standard of national qualityUNIT 9Well testing is a reservoir engineer understanding of reservoir, to obtain an important means of reservoir parameters.Through the test can determine whether the received damage reservoir, reservoir whether faults exis t or not; identify the fault location; detection of reservoir boundaries; calculation of reservoir parameters such as permeability, flow, flow coefficient, transmission rate.Test classification is more complex, in accordance with the test well types can be divided into oil well and gas well testing; in accordance with the test point position can be divided into the ground and underground well testing well testing; according t o the test object can be classified as temperature, pressure, flow rate test; according to the flowing state of the fluid can be divided into stable and unstable well testing; according to the change of pressure direction can be divided into pressure buildup and pressure fa ll off test. UNIT 10Reservoir development process similar to the one of the ups and downs of life.When the reservoir development to a certain period, oil wells or water injection wells or less there will be some problems, just like human life that occur in a wide variety of diseases.Petroleum Engineer's main task is to as the doctor carry on the analysis and the diagnosis, and proposed solutions to the problem, to maintain the normal production of oil well.Oil well problems surface phenomenon is crude oil production decline, output increased water, sand, stop the pump, injection volume decreased and water pressure drop.Deep time may be due to the reservoir pressure drops, the reservoir inhomogeneity of oil increases, hurt, injection water quality variation of oil wells, mechanical failure, well cement ring, casing, pipe leakage.Petroleum engineer must be integrated multidisciplinary knowledge, using various means of diagnosis technology research and analysis, t o judge the real reason, propose the corresponding solution, so as to solve the problems.UNIT 11Reservoir development and cannot be produced all underground crude oil.Generally speaking, its energy can only be produced by the formation of underground oil 10% the left and right sides, even if the water flooding development can only be produced 30%~50% underground crude oil.That is to say, the reservoir development always are part of crude oil in the ground.The recovery rate is defined as the cumulative oil recovery percentage accounted for the underground crude oil reserves.In the process of oil production, people always try to as far as possible to improve oil recovery.IOR is defined as: in addition to its energy and water injection and formation, gas injection to maintain the reservoir pressure, any method can increase the crude oil recovery method, referred to as ERO.ERO include gas miscible flooding, chemical flooding, heat recovery, flooding and other microorganis ms; generalized ERO also includes infill drilling, horizontal well, fracturing and acidizing, water plugging and profile control.ERO is a comprehensive technology, involve geological, chemical, mechanical, oil, oil reservoir, computer science, need various disciplines, departments jointly, solidarity and cooperation, fully embody the industrial team spirit.UNIT 12Reservoir numerical simulation is an important means of modern reservoir development.A reservoir can only be developed once, and reservoir numerical simulation development can be achieved N "reservoir", that is through the establishment of numerical rese rvoir model, reservoir simulator, a reservoir "development" N.And the optimal development scheme is applied to the actual reservoir, thereby obtaining the highest recovery rate and the maximum economic benefit.Reservoir numerical simulation is based on the establishment of numerical reservoir model.By analyzing the reservoir geological characteristics, the collection of a large number of reservoir static and dynamic data, establish the primary reservoir model, and through the historical fitting, the correction for a more realistic model of reservoir.Reservoir numerical simulation is the key to establish a mathematical model of fluid flow in reservoir.Depending on the mater ial balance principle, the equation of state, heat and mass transfer equations, establish containing multiple pa rameter equations, through the establishment of finite difference mathematical methods in computer on reservoir numerical simulation.The whole process is called reservoir numerical simulator establishment.The present reservoir numerical simulation the main gas reservoir model, black oil model and component model.UNIT 13Oilfield development requires not only technically feasible, also called economically feasible, so the reservoir development program must contain economic evaluation.Economic assessment refers to the resources, engineering, technology and market evaluation based on Calculation of reservoir development, input, output and economic indexes, analyzing the uncertain factors of product ion, optimum scheme is recommended.Economic evaluation is the basic procedure: first collect production data (including drilling, oil recovery, oil reservoir, surface construction engineering data) and country, enterprise economic data (such as tax rate, interest rate, tax of profit of indus try of rate); and then calculating the financial indexes, such as net present value, internal rate of return, return on investment, the investment recovery period; finally the system risk analysis, put forward the optimum development plan.。
石油工程专业英语重点段落翻译
1—1Petroleum1 Petroleum is a substance,usually liquid or gas ,consisting of organic molecules composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Thus the general name “hydrocarbons”is often used.The possible variations in the construction of the molecule and mixtures of different molecules to form naturally occurring oil (crude oil) are virtually limitless.No two crude oils are identical. Because these complex mixtures of organic matter are found in rock,they are called “petroleum”,a word derived from the Latin words for rock (petra) and for oil (oleum).石油是由C，H原子组成的有机物物质，通常成气态或者液态。
因此也把石油叫做碳氢化合物。
组成原油的分子结构和不同分子的混合物的变化是无限的。
没有2种原油是相同的。
因为这些复杂的有机物混合物是在岩石中发现的，因此被称为石油，由拉丁文中的岩石和油演化而来。
2 The bed of sedimentary rock in which the petroleum is formed ate called the “source rocks”.They are usually dark gray or black shales,but limestone is a source under some conditions. Shale has an abundance of pore space between the clay particles which can contain liquid ,but the pores are much too tiny to allow the movement of fluids under normal conditions. In other words, shales are not “permeable”.However, the pressure produced by the processes of petroleum generation expels the fluid, and petroleum has to move from the source rock at some stage of development to become economically producible. The event is called“primary migration”.Once departed from the source bed ,the oil or gas will enter any nearby porous and permeable rock ,such as sandstone or limestone.能够形成石油的沉积岩层称为生油岩。
Unit Four Heat Transfer_石油化工专业英语
4. The rate at which heat flows depends on the amount of temperature difference as well as on the properties of the material through which it has to flow.
radiation n. 辐射 absorption n. 吸收 convert v. （可）转变为，(into)变换，兑换 alter v. 改变 immerse v. 沉浸 coaxial a. 同心的 encounter v. 遇到 concentrically ad. 同心地，同轴地 parallel a. 平行的，并行的，同一方向（目的） 的 cylindrical n.圆柱形的 constrain v. 约束，限制，抑制 zig-zag n. 之字形，Z字形
句中两个 “which” 都引导了定语从句， 介词前置。 译文：热量流动的速率取决于温度差的 大小以及要通过热量的物料的性质5. Βιβλιοθήκη isturbance n. 干扰，扰动
disturb v. 打扰，扰乱，妨害 disturb the peace 扰乱治安
6. by means of 依靠，凭借，通过
9. In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light.
“in nature” 实际上，本质上 译文：辐射时，热能变为与光的性质相 类似的辐射能。
10. Very commonly in a chemical process, the temperature of a stream of fluid must be altered.
(完整word版)石油工程专业英语下重点翻译完整版(精)
All petroleum reservoirs experience pressure declines, and most wells require artificial lift at some point， most commonly where reservoir pressure is insufficient for natural flow. Artificial lift systems may also be used to enhance production from flowing wells with a reservoir pressure that is insufficient to produce a require amount of fluid. 所有的油气储层都要经历压力降低的过程, 大多数井在某些阶段需要人工举升，通常是在储层的压力不足以自流自喷。
人工举升系统也可以用于自喷井和储层压力不足以生产所需量时的增产。
Extensive research and field studies have been conducted on a range of artificial—lift systems that have been developed and applied extensively to meet industry needs. These systems include beam pumping, gas lift, electrical submersible pumps, progressive cavity pumps， and hydraulic.为满足行业的需求,广泛的研究和实地调查已经进行了, 人工举升系统得到了广泛的发展和应用。
这些系统包括游梁抽油机,气举,电潜泵(ESP ,螺杆泵(PCP 的 ,和液压泵。
Gas lift lightens the fluid gravity to increase the flow and correspondingly lower the sand—face pressure。
石油工程专业英语翻译
Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons ([ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:bən]), which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Subsurface activities are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry, which are the activities of finding and producing hydrocarbons.Refining and distribution to a market are referred to as the downstream sector.Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing ([ˈmæksəˌmaɪz]) economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs ([ˈrezəvwɑ:]). Petroleum geology and geophysics ([ˌdʒi(:)əuˈfiziks]) focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource using a detailed understanding of the physical behavior of oil, water and gas within porous ([ˈpɔ:rəs]) rock at very high pressure.The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers throughout the life of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, andusually they have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering requires a good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such as geophysics ([ˌdʒi(:)əuˈfiziks]), petroleum geology, formation evaluation (well logging), drilling, economics, reservoir simulation, well engineering, artificial lift systems, and oil and gas facilities engineering.石油工程与碳氢化合物，可以是原油或天然气生产活动有关的工程领域。
English for the Oil Industry(石油英语教程)
The English for the Oil Industry PETROLEUM PROGRAMME 石油英语教程BBC (ENGLISH)ContentsUnit 1 The Rig(钻机) (1)Unit 2 Fishing Jobs（打捞工作） (9)Unit 3 Traps ＆Geology（圈闭和地质） (18)Unit 4 Reservoir Fluids（油藏流体） (26)Unit 5 Natural Flow（自喷） (36)Unit 6 Blowout Control（井控） (45)Unit 7 Drives and Stimulation（驱油和增产措施） (53)Unit 8 Directional Wells（定向井） (62)Unit 9 Jobs on the Rig（钻井作业） (70)Unit 10 Gathering Centres（集输中心） (79)Unit 11 Downstream of Production(生产下游) (87)Unit 12 Primary ＆Secondary Refining(粗炼和精炼) (95)Unit 13 Finishing Processes(精炼工艺) (103)Unit 14 Refinery Products(炼制产品) (111)Unit 15 Safety(安全) (120)Unit 16 Ways of Improving Recovery（提高原油采收率的方法） (129)Unit 17 Unconventional Sources of Oil（特殊石油资源） (137)Unit 18 Oil ＆The Environment（石油与环境） (144)Unit 19 Oil Conservation（石油资源保护） (152)Unit 20 Into the Future（能源前景） (160)THE PETROLEUM PROGRAMMEBBC (English)Unit 1 The Rig(钻机)Section A READING COMPREHENSIONRead the following passageIf there are any words or expressions that you don't understand，look under Special words and Expressions。
(完整版)石油工程专业英语【课文翻译】
Unit 1 Introduction to petroleum industry1) Introduction石油工业在我们的日常生活以及其他工业领域扮演着相当重要的角色。
石油工业可以主要分成上游部分、中游部分以及下游部分。
今天，许多大的石油公司，例如中国石油、中石化、中海油，都在中国开采着地下油藏的大量原油。
大多数原油和天然气都是由几百万年前在沼泽和海洋中的植物和动物形成的。
这些有机物与小溪和河流中的淤泥沉积在一起。
这些沉积最终压实形成了沉积岩石。
热量和压力把这些植物和动物中柔软的部分转化成为固态的、液态的和气态的碳氢化合物，也就是我们知道的煤、原油和天然气。
随着陆地和海洋的石油工业的快速繁荣，公众的注意力也集中到了石油工业的环境保护问题上来。
幸运的是，技术的创新、精心的培训、严格的法规都将让石油工业对人类、动物、土壤、空气和水的污染降低到最小。
✓Swamp: 沼泽，湿地✓Stringent : 严格的，必须遵守的2) Three main components of the industry今天，上游部分包括了超过100家勘探和生产公司以及数百家相关的部门，例如地震和钻井承包商，修井承包商，工程公司和各种科学技术服务公司和供给部门。
中游部分包括连接生产和消费领域的油气集输系统。
其他的设备将提炼硫和液态天然气，储存石油和天然气产品，并且用卡车、铁路以及油罐车运输产品。
下游部分由炼油厂、气体分离设备、原油零售商、服务站以及石油化工公司。
✓Service rig: 修井设备；修井机✓Utility：n. 功用，实用；a. 实用的；多用途的3) Finding oil and natural gasa)Exploration- the search for petroleum一个圈闭应该包含三个要素：●多孔油藏岩石来聚集石油和天然气—典型的岩石有：砂岩、石灰岩和白云岩。
●上覆不可渗透岩石来阻止油气的逃逸。
石油工程英语课本翻译
水基泥浆和油基泥浆水基泥浆基本由四部分组成：（1）液相：水或乳状液；（2）胶相：以粘土为主；（3）惰性相：以重晶石加重物质和细砂为主；（4）化学相：由溶液影响和控制胶状物反应的离子和物质组成，例如粘土。
胶体，为了产生适当的较高粘度以将碎屑和坍塌的落石从井眼运出，以及将惰性物质悬浮，例如细的地下重晶石，胶状物是必要的，胶体是由尺寸为5至500毫微米的各个颗粒组成的物质。
由钻头钻起的页岩通常会散落在泥浆中，为页岩中的粘土提供全部或部分的胶体。
对于墨西哥海岸较新生的和相对较新的储集地来说，在钻进这种岩层时，为了使泥浆必须不断地用一股水流将其减稠，加入过量的胶状物是常见的。
在其他地区，必须买来胶体并将其加入泥浆，用于这种目的主要物质是细的地下膨胀土，这种膨胀土是一种岩石储藏，岩中有适宜的粘土矿物高岭石；然而，这两种物质在石油工业中通常可被替换使用，膨胀土在被泵或水利冲采在加入水或泥浆中，并被充分搅动后，粘土会被分成用任何显微镜都观察不到的小微粒，水分子的热搅动使这些小晶体悬浮在水中，粘土颗粒逐个支撑较大的（可视）颗粒，例如细的地下重晶石加重物质。
除了产生粘性并悬浮加重物质之外，膨胀土类粘土配出的泥浆流失量小，假设平的，盘状的粘土晶体部分紧紧重叠，将会产生低渗透率的过滤饼。
在某种程度上，其他相似特性，较膨胀土质量较低的粘土也已被用于钻井工业，除了较为便宜，这些粘土还不易污染。
油基泥浆是油中的悬浮固体，高闪点的柴油通常被用作液相，必要的细的散状固体可通过添加氧化沥青得到。
普通的失重剂被用来增加密度。
然而，特殊的皂仁和其他特殊化合物质被用来控制粘度和酸变性特征。
许多种类的油基泥浆是商用泥浆，同时，这种泥浆的控制通常被公司代表管理，且该公司的产品正被用于泥浆系统。
油基泥浆具有防止某些页岩垮塌的特殊用途，尤其是可用钻进易被水伤害的水敏性砂岩地层的定井液。
混油泥浆通常是水包油乳状液，其中小油滴散落在持续的水相中。
尽管通常是10%到15%是油，但此时所用的油量可达泥浆体积的50%，粘土，其他矿物及泥浆处理化学物质作乳化剂。
石油工程专业英语
Lesson 2 The How and Where of Petroleumpetroleum n. 石油terrestrial adj. 陆地的,地球的geology n.地质学adj.地质的,地质学, 地质概况geophysics n.地球物理学astrophysics n.天体物理学seismology n.地震学interior adj. 内部的,位于里面的；里面的kilometer n.[物]千米, 公里circumference n.圆周, 周围，周线；外围；周围equator n.赤道mineral n.矿物, 矿石seismic adj.[地]地震的，地震的mantle n. 【地质】地幔,crust n.地壳diameter n.直径chemical adj.化学的n.化学制品, 化学药品element n.元素, 成分, 元件inorganic adj.【化】无机的; 无机物的composition n.成分；合成crystalline adj. 结晶(体)的；水晶的silicate n.[化]硅酸盐silicon n.[化]硅, 硅元素〈化〉硅（元素符号为：Si）sial n.[地]硅铝带,硅铝层aluminum n.[化]铝，〈化〉铝（元素符号为：Al）sima n.[地]硅镁层magnesium n.[化]镁，〈化〉镁（元素符号为：Mg）igneous adj.火成的metamorphic adj.变质的sedimentary adj.沉积的magma 【地质学】岩浆texture n.纹理, (皮肤)肌理, (文艺作品)结构moisture n湿气.潮湿condense 凝结，冷凝downhill adj.下坡的, 倾斜的adv.往下, 每况愈下primeval adj.原始(时代)的, 早期的depression n.凹陷处；凹陷；降低erosion n. 侵蚀, 腐蚀sedimentation n.沉积；沉淀, 沉降,冲积；glacier n.冰河；冰川clastic adj.【地质】碎屑状的clastation n.风化debris n.碎片, 残骸bionic adj.仿生学的silt n.淤泥, 残渣sandstone n.【地质】砂岩[石]shale n.[地]页岩, 泥板岩dolomite n.[矿] 白云石hydrocarbon n.烃, 碳氢化合物residue n.残余[渣],methane n.[化]甲烷, 沼气geographic adj.地理学的, 地理的pattern n.模范, 式样, 模式,biogenic adj.源于生物的,regional adj.地方(性)的, 区域性的,inert gas n.See: noble gas惰性气体helium [n〈化〉氦（元素符号为：He）seepage n.渗出, 渗出量, 渗出现象, 渗滤, 渗漏;【矿】油苗crystalline adj.水晶的,结晶质的basement n.建筑物的底部，底层; 底座; 地下室，地窖，墙橇脚，基岩, 基层; 基脚entrapment n. 【地质】圈闭,organism n.生物体, 有机体source materials 生油物质，油源物质porous adj.多孔的limestone n.石灰石Source Rock 油源岩，生油岩impervious adj. 不可渗透的, 密封的,不渗透的impermeable adj.不能渗透的, 不渗透性的barrier n. 阻挡层cap rock 盖层（岩石）impenetrable adj.难以渗透的connate adj. 原生的，共生的permeability n.渗透性closure n.圈闭strata 单数为stratum n.[地] 地层fold 褶皱,vt.折叠wrinkle n. 褶皱，皱纹v.使皱trough n. 地槽，地堑stratigraphic adj.地层学的, 地层的anticline n.【地质】背斜; 背斜层fault trap 断层圈闭faultage 断层（作用）arch n. 拱形；拱门symmetrical adj.对称的flank n. 侧翼, 翼侧asymmetrical adj.不均匀的, 不对称的syncline ]n.【地理】向斜dome n. 穹窿;丘, 圆屋顶displacement n.位移, 变位, 移动normal fault 正断层reverse fault 逆断层thrust fault 冲断层lateral fault 横向断层porosity n. 孔隙率[度],多孔性【物】孔积率truncation n.切断～trap 截顶圈闭pinch n. pinch-out （岩石）尖灭lens n.透镜，镜片；镜头～trap 透镜体圈闭unconformity n. 【地质】不整合vug n. 孔洞；岩穴,[矿]晶簇，晶洞cavern n.孔、穴，大岩洞，巨洞saturation n饱和度viscosity n.粘度；粘滞性[度]darcy 达西(多孔介质渗透力单位) millidarcy 毫达西cementation n. 胶结，粘固connate adj.天生的, 先天的～water 原生水，束缚水，共生水interstitial adj. 隙间的; 孔隙的interstice n孔隙，空隙capillary n.毛细管,adj.毛状的, 毛细作用的solution gas n.溶解气separator n.分离器; 分离塔gas cap 气顶thickness n. 稠度，厚度specific gravity 比重pressure gradient 压力梯度depletion drive 消耗驱动，溶解气驱solution gas drive 溶解气驱gas cap drive 气顶驱recovery 采收率bottom water drive 底水驱edgewaterr drive 边水驱exploit vt.开发, 开采reserve n.储量, 储藏量recoverable reserves 可采储量secondary adj.二次的，第二的tertiary adj.第三的Lesson 4 Basic Drilling Technologytorque n.扭矩, 转矩,力矩annulus n.环形空间；环面,环cantilever n.[建]悬臂,悬梁mast n.桅, 桅杆drawworks 绞车jackknife n.折叠式刀（井架）hoisting起重, 提升pins 销，插脚portability n.可携带, 轻便barge rigs 驳船钻机submersible rigs 坐底式钻机jack-up or self-elevating rigs 自升式平台semisubmersible rigs 半潜式平台drillship n.海底钻油船，钻探船jacks 千斤顶caisson n.沉箱，潜水钟；沉井configuration n.构造, 结构, 配置, 外形stabilizing columns 稳定桩rectangular adj.矩形的, 成直角的wedge n.楔，vt.楔入, 楔进pentagonal adj.五角的, 五边形的jack-up 自升式pitch n倾角，螺距，齿节，节距；propeller n.推进器thruster n.推进器moonpool 月形开口remedial work n.修井作业crown block 天车traveling block 游动滑车drawworks 游车drilling line 钻绳kelly n.方钻杆swivel n.旋转接头hook n.钩, 吊钩，v.钩住drillstring 钻杆柱standpipe n.竖（立）管hose n.软管, 水龙带blowout preventer 防喷器spool n.线轴drum 鼓轮；滚筒brake 刹车，制动器，闸axle 轴catshaft 猫头轴catheads 猫头breaking out 卸扣wear 磨损；deadline anchor 死绳锚elevator n.吊卡，电梯, 升降机tripping into or out 起下钻gooseneck n. 鹅颈管，鹅颈,S形弯管kelly drive bushing 方钻杆补心master bushing 转盘补心rotary table 转盘prime power source 原动机positive displacement pumps 容积式泵stroke n.冲程，击, 敲piston n.[机]活塞output n.产量, 输出, 输出量cylinder n. 汽缸, 圆柱体,圆筒shale shaker 泥浆振动器sample trap 岩样收集器desander n.泥浆除砂器，除砂器desilter n.脱泥机，除泥器centrifuge n.离心分离机，离心机choke n.节流器，阻塞门blowout n.喷气,鼓风shut-in 关井ram-type 闸板式blind rams or shear rams全封闭防喷器闸板accumulator n.储罐；蓄压器diesel n.柴油机belt n皮带；传动带sprocket n.链轮齿clutches 离合器pulley n.滑车, 滑轮box 母扣pendant n.垂饰, 下垂物rigidity n. 刚性，硬度，crossover n.转换，天桥shock sub 震动冲击bumper sub 减震器stabilizer n.稳定器blade n.刃，刀口；叶片，刮刀；轮叶full gauge hole 足尺井眼bottomhole assembly 底部钻具组合drag bits 刮刀rolling cutter bits 牙轮钻头cutter n.刀具, 切割机，切削刀具,切刀roller cone bit 牙轮钻头gouging n.刨削，刮削mesh n.网孔, 网丝, 网眼Steel-tooth 铣齿journal bearings 滑动轴承precision-machined 精细加工wear resistant 抗磨cutting surfaces 切削面polycrystalline diamond compact bit 聚晶金刚石复合片钻头self-sharpening 自锐underreamers 套管下扩眼器chips 碎片kick v.井涌underbalance 欠平衡, 不完全补偿barite n.重晶石caving-in 塌陷filter press 失水仪，过滤器centimeter n.厘米marsh funnel 马氏漏斗productivity n.生产力lubricity n.光滑bentonite n.<美>[地质]斑脱土(火山灰分解成的一种粘土)barite n.重晶石polymer n.聚合物lost circulation materials 堵漏材料seismic adj.[地]地震的exploration wells 探井development wells 开发井pay thicknesses产层厚度completion programs完井程序turnkey contract全包合同footage contract进尺合同daywork contract日包合同contract drilling包工钻井roughneck 钻工,粗鲁的人, 无赖derrickman 井架工trips in or out起下钻crane operator吊车工running casing下套管cementing casing固接套管fishing n. 打捞，打捞作业bottomhole assembly井下工具组合mousehole n.鼠洞,鼠穴，壁橱rotary tong大钳wrench n. 扳手,扳钳screwed adj. 有螺纹的，用螺丝拧紧的pull out起钻rathole n.大鼠洞elevator n. 吊卡，电梯, 升降机latch n.锁扣，锁销，锁键unscrew 卸扣spinning wrench旋转扳手freshwater aquifers淡水含水层contamination n.污染, 污染物unconsolidated adj. 未固结的,非胶结的,疏松的well control井控backpressure valve回压阀centralizers and scratchers扶正器和刮管器abrade n.研磨slurry n. 水泥浆；浆intervals of openhole裸眼井段tied back回接production casingcontrol console 控制台Weight on bit 钻压weight indicator 指重表Differential sticking 压差卡钻Sloughing shale 膨胀性页岩shale cavings 坍塌页岩breaking off 脱落cones 牙轮configuration n. 外形，构造, 结构overshot 打捞筒，取管器sidetrack 侧钻whipstock n. 造斜器；用造斜器侧钻directional drilling 定向钻井tungsten carbide 碳化钨Lost circulation 井漏Swabbed 抽汲blowout preventers 防喷器blind rams 全封闭式防喷器闸板shear rams 剪切式防喷器闸板choke valve节流阀gamma rays 射线Lesson 5 Basic Well Completion Technology rig-site 钻井井场abandon a well 报废drillsite钻井井场openhole completion 裸眼完井liner completion 衬管完井cased and perforated completion 下套管射孔完井stage cementing 分级注水泥production string 生产套管imperfection n. 缺陷packer n.封隔器acoustic cement bond log 声波水泥固结测井tubing head 油管头stimulate 〔油井〕增产，〔注水井〕增注；激励hydraulically fracturing 水力压裂acidizing n.酸化处理swab 抽汲；抽子，抽油活塞，擦去；抽吸perforation 射孔，射孔孔眼jet perforator 聚能射孔枪explosive charge 炸药，射孔弹cement sheath 水泥环bazooka n.火箭筒projectile n射弹，炮弹carrier n.托架，支座；载体detonating cord 引爆线，导火索retrievable 可收回的expendable 不可回收的electric detonator 电雷管blasting cap detonator 起爆雷管，起爆筒fully expendable gun 全消毁式射孔枪frangible adj. 易碎的,脆弱的,脆度的aluminum n.[化]铝ceramic adj陶瓷的semiexpendable gun 部分回收射孔枪potassium n.【化】钾(19号元素, 符号K) bromide n〈化〉溴化物overbalanced perforating 正压射孔，过平衡射孔completion fluid 完井液surge 波动，骤增；滑脱clog n. v.阻塞n.木底鞋, 障碍tubing-conveyed perforating gun 油管传送射孔枪phasing 相位角multiple completion 多层完井net pay 产层有效厚度workover n.修井n.修理formation pressure buildup test 地层压力恢复试井matrix 基岩；骨架；矩阵；母体Acid-fracturing 酸压hydrochloric acid 盐酸，氢氯酸hydrofluoric adj. 【化】氟化氢的hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸organic acid 有机酸acetic acid n.醋酸,乙酸formic acid 甲酸，蚁酸additive n.添加剂inhibitor n.缓蚀剂retarder 缓速剂surfactant n.表面活化剂emulsion n.乳状液precipitate n.沉淀sequester n. 螯合剂active acid 活性酸fluid loss agent 降（防）滤失剂preflush 前置液，预冲洗液stratum n.[地] 地层strata n.层n.层,地层,岩层n.地层kerosene n.煤油,火油proppant 支撑剂massive hydraulic fracturing(MHF) 大型水力压裂conductivity 导流能力，传导率，电导率water-sensitive 水敏的compatibility 配伍性silica n.二氧化硅，硅石silica sand 石英砂blender 混砂车；混砂机manifold管汇；abrasive 磨蚀性的sand production 出砂sand control 防砂unconsolidated 非胶结的，疏松的casing collapse 套损sanded-up 砂堵sand consolidation 固砂wire-wrapped screen 绕丝筛管gravel pack 砾石充填Lesson 6 Production Technology exploration 勘探, 探测, 测定探险dimension 尺寸，维〔数〕，量纲，因次component 元件，组分；零件cross section (横)截面, 断面conductor 导管（套管之一种），导体lost circulation 井漏，循环液漏失drive pipe 击入管，强下入的套管surface casing 表层套管freshwater 淡水producing string ( of casing) 生产套管(油层套管)＝production casingintermediate casing 中间套管(技术套管) production tubing 生产油管tubing hanger 油管挂，油管悬挂器dual completion, triple completion 双管（层）、三管（层）完井artificial lift 人工举升schematic n.示意图, 图解adj. 图解的，示意的groove n.槽, vt.开槽于slip v.n.滑，滑动，卡瓦multistring 多管柱sliding sleeve 滑套circulating sleeve 循环套筒blast joint 耐磨接头heavy-duty tubing 加厚(耐磨)油管shear pin 剪钉，剪切销钉，安全销钉tension 张力，拉力，拉紧landing nipple 定位接头，调整短管接头choke 油嘴，节流器，节流pressure gauge 压力表flow coupling 流动耦合器restriction n.节流装置，限制,油门,噪扰turbulent flow 湍流，紊流mandrel 工作筒,心轴，紧轴，芯棒；圆棒，铁心side-pocket 偏心的subsurface safety valve 井下安全阀assembly 总成，装配，总装wellhead n.井口Christmas tree 采油树submersible 潜油的，沉没的manufacturer 制造厂，制造商casinghead 套管头packoff 密封装置casing spool 套管防喷法兰短节master valve 总阀; 主阀gate valve 闸阀pressure-actuated 压力驱动的bean 油嘴，节流器orifice 孔板positive choke 固定油嘴adjustable choke 可调油嘴bolt n.螺栓；插销flange 法兰〔盘〕clamp n.卡箍，夹子Inflow performance 流入动态origin n. [数]原点,起源slippage n.滑脱empirical adj.经验的fluctuation n.波动, 起伏,振幅magnitude n.大小, 数量,量级artificial lift 人工举升radii n.半径coordinate坐标，坐标的deliverability地层供油能力，供应能力absolute open flow (AOF) potential 绝对无阻（敞喷）流量pistonlike displacement 活塞式驱替beam pump 梁式泵plunger lift 柱塞举升sucker rod 抽油杆stripper n. 产油极少的井gas Lift 气举intermittent adj.间歇的annulus n. 环状空间annular adj. 环形的，环的macaroni n. 小直径管n.空心面aeration n. 充气；通风buildup. 压力恢复intermitter间歇控制器，间歇抽油装置，间歇气举装置productivity index 采油指数mandrel n. 工作筒，[机]心轴side-pocket mandrel 偏心工作筒latch v.锁住，锁扣，锁销，锁键linear adj.直线的, 线性的oscillation n.摆动, 振动reducer 减速器；减压器prime mover 原动机upstroke 上冲程traveling valve 游动阀downstroke 下冲程coupling n.接箍，联轴器torque n.扭矩, 转矩rating 定额，额定值peak load最大荷载，峰值负载equalizer平衡器；补偿器pitman n.游梁拉杆，矿工（尤指煤矿工人）crank n.[机]曲柄bridle n.悬挂器，马勒, 缰绳fulcrum n.游梁支点, 支点transformer n.[电] 变压器voltage n.[电工]电压, 伏特数switchboard n.配电盘,交换机overload protection超(负)载防护, 防止过载junction box 接线盒jet pump 射流泵momentum n. 动量，动力winch n. 绞车pneumatic adj. 气动的Lesson 7 Reservoir Managementporous medium多孔介质hydrostatic adj.静水力学的, 流体静力学的hydrodynamic adj.水动力学的; 水压的natural gas n天然气shut in.v.关井recomplete 重新完井water drive 水驱outcrop n〔岩层〕露头，露出地面的岩层，active water drive 活跃水驱water out 水淹，水侵，出水gravity drainage 重力驱recovery efficiency 采收率sweep efficiency 波及系数，扫油效率material balance 物质平衡conservation of mass [物]质量守恒original oil in place 原油地质储量gas reservoir 气藏water influx 水侵gas condensate reservoir 凝析气藏improved oil recovery 提高原油采收率tertiary ～recovery 三次采油water flooding n.(油井)注水n.注水开发displacing fluid 驱替液mobility[ mEu5biliti ]n. 流度，流动度displacing phase 驱替相mobility ratio 流度比homogeneous adj. 均质的break through 突破，突入front n. 前缘，前沿；最前的displacement efficiency 驱替效率，驱油效率，洗油效率wettability n. 湿润性geometry n. 几何形状，几何学residual adj.剩余的, 残留的interface n. 界面,分界面ganglia n.残余油滴ganglion n. 残余油滴，残余油块, interfacial tension 界面张力centipoise n.百分之一泊(黏滞性单位),厘泊flood front 注水前缘polymer n. 聚合物；聚合体，多聚物surfactant n.& adj.[化]表面活性剂( 的) microemulsion flooding 微乳液驱油caustic adj. 碱性的，氢氧化物in situ 就地，在原处，原地的miscible adj. 混相的，易。
采油工程类专业英语
石油钻井英语A Handbook of English for Offshore Oil Drilling海洋石油钻井常用英语手册Drilling 钻井Carry out drilling operation in accordance with the drilling program. 按钻井程序进行钻井作业. Prepared bell nipple. 准备”喇叭口”短节.Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接两根钻杆.Break out this connection. 卸开该接头.Run hole opener to sea bed. 下扩眼器到海底Mix gel fluid for drilling conductor hole. 为钻导管井眼配制高粘度泥浆.Make up bottom hole assembly. 组合下部钻具Check and reset crown-saver on every tour. 每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置. Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下钻时给立柱编号.Pick up BHA and run to seafloor. 将下部钻具下到海底.Pick up stands. 接立柱Don’t drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand. 钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)测斜仪Fish TOTCO with overshot. 用打捞筒捞起测斜仪Resume drilling to T.D. 继续钻进到总深Circulate 15 minutes.循环15分钟Run in hole. 下钻Put out of hole. 起钻Make an inventory of all ring gaskets. 开一个所有垫圈的清单Use spinning tong. 使用气动扳手Operate the air winch. 操作气动绞车Lay down 57 joints of 5”drill pipe. 甩57根钻杆Pick up drill stem test tool. 提起钻杆测试工具Circulate mud for 2 hours. 循环泥浆2小时Move string during circulation. 在循环时注意活动钻具Circulate hole clean. 循环清洗井眼Circulate bottoms up. 循环泥浆几周Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥浆一次Check mud weight every 15 minutes. 每15分钟检查泥浆比重Reverse out excess cement. 反循环替出多余的泥浆Change/replace old mud by new mud. 用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆Stop drilling. 停止钻进Drilling ahead. 钻进Pull out of hole bit. 起出钻头Change bit. 换钻头Run the wear bushing. 下抗磨补心The bit thread type is regular pin. 钻头丝扣是正规公扣What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?Run in 9”collars. 下9”钻铤The cathead can’t give enough torque. 猫头力量不够Connect crossover sub. 接上配合接头The tong angle is too small. 大钳的角度太小了Stop circulating. 停止循环泥浆Break out the stand. 卸立柱Set the single into the mousehole. 把这个单根放进鼠洞Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用转盘卸扣吗?No! Break it out with tong. 不行! 要用大钳卸扣Spin it out with the air spanner. 用气动扳手卸扣Put the pipe wiper on the string. 装上钻杆刮泥器Don’t set this stand back. 这根钻杆不要放在钻杆盒上Make up the lift sub. 接好提升短节Secure the safety clamp. 上紧安全卡瓦The bit is nearing the shoe. 钻头快到套管鞋了Slow down the running speed. 放慢下放速度This is the undergauged interval. 这是缩径井段This is the drilling program. 这是钻井设计书How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少钻压?Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM. 转速保持120---140转/分Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM. 保持排量3000升/分The pump pressure is too high. 泵压太高了Don’t ream the hole too fast. 划眼不要太快Notice the rotary torque. 注意转盘扭矩的变化The penetration rate is getting slower. 钻速变慢了The bit is nearly worn out. 钻头快磨光了Stop drilling at 2000 meters. 钻至2000米停钻Circulate for one hour. 循环一个小时The pump pressure has increased. 泵压升高了One nozzle may be plugged. 可能有一个水眼(或: 喷嘴)堵了What is the hook load? 悬重多少?What’s the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少?What’s the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少?Run in HWDP. 下加重钻杆A stabilizer is needed here. 这里需要一个扶正器This is a flexible sub. 这是挠性接头This is the BHA log. 这是下部钻具组合记录Record all outside and inside diameters. 记录好所有(入井工具的)内外径We need a short drill collar. 需要一根短钻铤Pull the cat line. 拉猫头Operate the break lever. 操作(或:扶)刹把Stop the pumps. 停泵Make a wiper trip. 通井Retrieve wear bushing. 取出抗磨补心Bleed off pressure. (释)放压(力)Keep 5 wraps on the drum. 滚筒上留5圈Set slips. 座上卡瓦If tight hole, repeat wiper trip. 如果井眼紧, 重复划眼Setback bottom hole assembly. 将下部钻具立于钻杆盒内Make sure all alarms are on. 确保所有的警报信号都开着Lay down TDS spinner. 拆下顶部驱动的旋扣器Run in hole bit #15 to bottom. 用15号钻头下钻到井底Run in hole to casing shoe. 下钻至套管鞋Pick up same bit and BHA. 装上同样的钻头和钻具组合Lay down 5”HW drill pipe. 甩5”加重钻杆Move string every 2 hours. 每2小时活动钻具一次Keep area around shaker clean. 保持振动筛区域干净Control trip gas. 控制起下钻气Ream if needed. 如必要时进行划眼Select the best penetration rate. 选择最佳钻进速度Fix the traveling assembly. 固定游动系统100. Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor. 检查动力钳和尾绳是否在钻台What’s the weight on bit? 钻压是多少?What is the BHA of this well? 这口井的下部钻具如何组合?Drill out cement. 钻穿水泥Drill out 20”casing shoe. 钻穿20”套管鞋Latch the elevator. 扣吊卡Unlatch the elevator. 开吊卡Set the slips. 放卡瓦Adjust the crown-o-matic (crown saver). 调整防碰天车Lock the hook pin. 锁紧大钩销子Check OD of stabilizer. 检查扶正器的外径Perform leak off test. 进行地层破裂(或:渗漏)测试Connect kill and choke line. 接上压井和放喷管线Reverse out the drill pipe. 反循环清洗钻杆Make a short trip. 进行短途起下钻Change the cutters. 换割刀Slug the pipe. 灌重泥浆Drill the stand down. 钻完立柱Start/run the shale shaker. 开振动筛Start the desanders. 开除砂器Start the desilters. 开除泥器Change it with a 40 mesh screen. 换成40目筛布Shut it off. 关掉Pull it to the cat ramp. 把它拉到坡道上去Make a fast connection. 接单根要快Don’t dump the mud into the sea. 不要把泥浆排放到海里Disconnect it with a chain tong. 用链钳卸开Put a thread protector. 加一个(丝扣)护箍Can we use the power slips? 可以使用动力卡瓦吗?Casing and Cementing 下套管与固井Run in hole to bottom for wiper trip. 下钻通井This is the casing program. 这是套管程序Prepare for running casing. 准备下套管Make everything ready for running 7”casing. 做好下7”套管的准备Make cementing job. 固井Displace cementing with mud pump. 用泥浆泵替泥浆Set cement plug from 2940 to 2790m. 在2940到2790米井段打水泥塞Pick up cementing head. 接水泥头Cement samples are hard. 水泥样已凝固Pump in 3 cubic meters of spacer. 注3方隔离液Pump down the plug. 泵压(胶)塞Wait on cement. 候凝The guide shoe will be connected. 接引鞋Connect the floor collar. 接浮箍Connect the air line to the casing stabbing board. 接好套管扶正台的气管线Run casing with the 350T slip elevator. 用350吨卡瓦式吊卡下套管Clean and dry 20”casing threads with rags. 清洁并擦干20”套管丝扣Where is the rabbit for drifting the casing? 套管通径规在哪里?Rig Move, Anchoring and Positioning 拖航, 抛锚, 定位What is our position now? 我们现在船位在哪里?What’s the moving speed now? (What’s the towering speed?) 拖航速度是多少? The speed is about 4 knots. 船速是4节左右Which one is the main tug? 主拖是哪条船?The main tug is Nanhai 205. 主拖是南海205Which one is the chase boat? 护航船是哪一条?How much is the horse power? 有多大马力?She has 6000 HP. 有6000马力Move the rig off location 50 feet. 将平台移开50英尺We are ready to drop the anchor. 我们已经做好抛锚的准备了Secure all the movable equipment. 固定好各种活动的设备Preload. (自升式)压载Ballast. (半潜式)压载Put the preload water into the tank. 向压载舱灌压压载水We need 5500 tons of preload water. 需要5500吨压载水Shall we preload right now? 马上开始压载吗?Drain the water off. 放水The rig is overloaded. 平台已超载Jack up (jack down) the rig. 升(降)船The draft is 3.5 meters. 船体吃水3.5米The jetting pressure is 100psi. 冲桩压力是100psiPenetrate the legs. 插桩How much penetration do we have? 入泥多深了?No.1 and No.2 legs indicate 10 meters. 1,2号桩腿插入10米Fix the upper and lower wedges. 固定上下楔块Pay out the anchor line. 放出锚缆绳Skid the derrick. 移开井架The rig is short of potable water now. 平台缺乏饮用水Drop No.2 and No.3 anchors. 抛2号和3号锚Why has the main engine stopped? 主机为什么停?Unleash the drilling tools. 卸开钻具Tighten up. 绷紧(或:上紧)一点Turn on the cooling water for the windlasses. 开锚机刹车冷却水Retrieve the No.1 to No.8 anchors. 起1到8号锚Check the paint marks at the anchor winches. 检查锚机上的油漆记号Prepare for a location move. 准备好移井位Commence anchor handling. 开始起锚(或抛锚)Secure all equipment stored on deck. 固定好所有存放在甲板上的设备Carry out stability and load calculations. 做稳性和载荷计算Pass pendant line, shackle and buoy to anchor handling vessel. 将起抛锚短索, 卸扣和浮标吊起给起锚船Lower the windward anchor to seafloor. 抛上风锚到海底Pick up the leeward anchor first. 先起下风锚Take anchor chaser (or chaser) back to rig. 将捞/抛锚环送回平台Hook up towing lines to tug boat. 将拖缆连接到拖轮Sound fog signal for two seconds every twenty seconds. 发大雾信号, 每20秒钟响两秒Fishing 打捞The bit cutters have been lost in the hole. 牙轮落井Run in the reverse-circulation basket. 下反循环打捞篮There is a lot of junk in the hole. 井下有很多落物The fish is 235.46 meters long. 落鱼长度235.46米The fish top is at 2478.34 meters. 鱼顶位置2478.34米Coring 取芯Stop drilling for coring. 停钻准备取芯Make up core bit. 接取芯钻头What type of core bit is it? 这是什么型号的取芯钻头?Run in a diamond core bit. 下金刚石取芯钻头Let’s drop the ball for coring. 可以投球取芯The core has been broken off. 岩芯断了Put the core in the boxes. 把岩芯装在岩芯盒里Don’t brake suddenly. 不要猛刹车Take out the core. 岩芯出筒How long is the core? 岩芯多长The core recovery is 98%. 岩芯收获率是98%Run in the core barrel again. 继续下岩芯筒(或: 取芯筒)Run in hole core barrel. 下取芯筒Drop ball. 投钢球Recover core. 取出岩芯Use same parameters as for core #1. 使用与1#取芯同样的参数Freeing Stuck Pipe 卡钻与解卡The down-hole problems are very complicated. 井下情况很复杂The hole is tight. 遇阻了Overpull while tripping out. 起钻遇卡(overpull: 超拉力)The formation is unstable. 地层不稳定The wall caving is severe. 井壁垮塌严重There are many return cuttings. 返出岩屑特别多The mud returns have decreased. 返出泥浆减少The hole is enlarged. 井眼扩大了The pipe’s stuck. 卡钻了Pull up to 150 tons. 上提150吨Slack off to 50 tons. 下放至50吨Ream down all the tight points. 在所有遇阻点进行划眼The rotary table can’t rotate. 转盘转不动Where is the sticking point? 卡点在哪里Make a tensile test. 做拉伸试验Back it off above the free point. 在卡点以上倒扣Where is the back-off position? 脱扣位置在哪Plug the well for side tracking. 打水泥塞侧钻Abnormal Well Condition and Well Control异常井况与压井The mud is gas out. 泥浆有气侵The pit has lowered quickly. 泥浆池液面下降很快The hole lost returns. 井口不返泥浆The returns are unstable. 返出泥浆量忽大忽小Where’s the thief zone? 漏失层在哪里Cut down the flow rate. 降低排量Lower the mud density. 降低比重Cut down the hydrostatic pressure. 减少静压The gas smell is strong. 天然气味度很浓There’s some trace of oil. 发现有油花The pump pressure is fluctuating. 泵压不稳It is a zone of abnormal pressure. 这是异常压力层The hole (well) is kicking! 井涌啦!Shut in the BOP! 关闭防喷器Sound the general alarm quickly! 快发出综合警报The stand pipe pressure is 10 [url=]kg[/url]/cm2. 立管压力10公斤/厘米2 The casing pressure is 25 kg/cm2. 套压2510公斤/厘米2Fill out the kill sheet. 填写压井记录表Kill the well. 压井There’s a combination of lost returns and the kick. 又喷又漏, 情况复杂Reverse the gas out of the hole. 反循环排气What’s the lag time? 迟到时间是多少The well is now stable. 现在井眼已经稳定BOP and subsea Equipment 防喷器与水下设备Cut off the 30”conductor. 割掉30”隔水管Weld on the 30”bottom flange. 焊接30”法兰Hoist and nipple up 30”diverter. 吊装30”转喷器Change the 5”pipe rams to 3-1/2”rams. 把这个5”闸板换成3-1/2”Install blind ram. 安装防喷器的盲板芯子Check the seal ring of the conductor. 检查隔水管密封圈Cut off the lifting eye of the conductor. 切割隔水管耳环Test BOP. 测试防喷器Change annular BOP packing. 更换万能防喷器芯子Full pressure test the ram preventers. 对闸板防喷器进行全压试压Test annular BOP at 2500psi. 万能防喷器试压至2500psiCheck annular pressure. 检查环形空间压力Confirm the angle of the guide base. 确定基板角度The thread is covered with the quick-release protectors. 已戴好快卸护丝Establish the guide lines. 装导向绳Connect the TGB running tool. 接临时导向基板送入工具Land the TGB to sea. 下临时导向基板到海底Retrieve the running tool. 退出送入工具Run the BOP and risers. 下防喷器和隔水管Pick up the marine riser. 吊出隔水管Pick up the slip joint. 起伸缩节Adjust the riser tensioners. 调整隔水管张力Function test the diverter system. 对防喷器系统进行功能测试Retrieve the pin connector. 取出销钉连接器Move the BOP to the moonpool door. 将防喷器移到园井甲板的活动门上Run the test plug. 下试压塞Close the upper pipe ram. 关上部钻杆闸板防喷器Open the kill line valve. 开压井管线阀The compensation capacity is 400000 pounds. 补偿能力是400千磅The locking load is 1000000 pounds. 锁紧负荷1000千磅Support the riser. 接隔水管支撑环Remove the hose bundles. 卸下垮接软管Assure the self-controlled rotation. 保证自控转动Set the LMRP on the test pump. 将下部防喷器插入总成座放到试压桩上Connect the flex joint to the riser. 连接隔水管与挠性接头Land the BOP onto the well head. 座防喷器到井口头Run the subsea TV for monitoring. 下水下电视观察Remove all the riser running tools. 取出所有的隔水管送入工具BOP carrier. 防喷器叉车Lower the universal guide frame. 下放万能导向架Paint mark the top 6 meters of 30”conductor white. 在30”隔水管的顶部6米处用白漆涂上记号Check adequate length for guidelines. 检查导向绳的长度是否足够Move temporary guide base (TGB) into moonpool. 将临时导向基板到园井甲板Test pull to check connection. 试拉检查连接Grease TGB and running tool as required. 按要求给导向基板及下入工具上黄油Test fit TGB and running tool. 用下入工具试临时导向基板连接Check for junk inside shoe joint. 检查浮鞋内有无落物Pick up 30”conductor handling slings and shackles. 吊上下30”导管的索具和卸扣Is slope indicator properly mounted? 水平仪是否装好?Ensure subsea TV is in good condition. 确保水下电视处于良好的状态Place BOP stack on the test pump. 将防喷器组放在试压桩上Check condition of all 30”casing connectors. 检查所有30”套管接头的情况Replace O-rings as required. 按需要, 更换O性密封圈Attach slope indicator below camera position. 在摄像机下面装上水平仪Inspect and repair diverter. 检查并修理转喷器Prepare spud plate and wireline to check water depth. 准备测深板和钢丝绳测量水深Record all pressure tests on a chart recorder. 用试压表记录试压记录Visually inspect all sealing element. 目视检查所有密封件Check and tighten all bolts. 检查并上紧所有螺栓Bleed off surface accumulators. 地面管线排空气Check for leaks. 检查有无泄漏Lift BOP stack and replace wellhead connector AX ring.吊起防喷器组并更换连接器AX密封圈Function test wellhead. 对井口头进行功能试验Fill kill and choke valves with seawater. 将压井阀和阻流阀注满海水Pressure test to 500psi then bleed off test pressure. 试压到500psi, 然后放掉压力Reduce hydraulic control manifold pressure to 5200 kpa. 将液压控制管线压力减少到5200千帕Switch to alternate control pod. 把闸门开关倒到控制面板Guidelines are slacked off. 导向绳松了Slack off drill pipe and release running tool. 放松钻杆并卸开下入工具Run subsea TV to observe bit entering the TGB. 下水电视观察钻头是否进入临时导向基板Don’t rotate until hole opener passes through the TGB.在扩眼器通过临时导向基板前不要旋转Position permanent guide base (PGB) below rotary table. 在转盘下安放永久导向基板Monitor riser level via trip tank. 用计量罐来控制隔水管内的液面Pressure test to 5000psi. 试压5000psiPick up test mandril and place in BOP. 吊起试压防喷器芯子并装入防喷器组Safety and Firefighting 安全与消防Get a Work Permit before you can start the hot work. 办理作业许可证才能进行动火作业Welding is not allowed. 不准动焊Put on your (safety) helmet. 戴上安全帽It’s a high voltage area. 这是高压区That’s against the rule. 这是违章作业Don’t walk under the crane load. 不要在吊物下走动The repairing is under way. 正在检修Keep your hands clear! (Keep you hands off! Do not touch!) 不要乱动Wear and secure your safety belt. 戴上并系好安全带Life jacket must be worn when working outboard or overhead. 舷外或高空作业要穿救生衣Have your breathing apparatus near you. 保持放毒面具在附近It’s a drill. 这是演习It was a BOP drill. 这是防喷演习Get in the lifeboat in order. 按顺序进入救生艇Put on life jacket! 穿好救生衣Abandon the vessel! 弃船Sound the abandonment alarm! 发出弃船警报Go to the helideck! 去飞机坪集合Aboard the lifeboat. 登上救生艇Aboard the supply boat to shore! 乘拖船上岸Check life saving apparatus periodically. 定期检查救生设备It’s for fire fighting. 这是消防用的Start the fire pump. 启动消防泵This rope is too small. 这根绳子太细了It should be function tested. 需做功能测试A warning notice should be set up. 要挂警告牌Do you have an emergency program (contingency plan)? 你们有没有应急计划?It must be ready in an emergency condition. 必须始终保持良好的应急状态Will the typhoon hit our rig? 台风要袭击我们的平台吗?We will have to evacuate the rig. 我们要撤离平台Personnel on board (POB). 在船人员总数Sound fire alarm. 发消防警报This is a fire drill. 这是消防演习conduct abandon ship drill. 举行弃船演习Release the boat hooks. 释放救生艇吊钩Board the life boat. 登救生艇Remove the rust and paint with anti-corrosive primer. 除锈后上防锈底漆Three rafts are located near life boat station port side.在左舷救生艇站附近还存放有3个救生筏Wear work vests when working below the cellar deck.在圆井甲板面下面工作时须穿工作救生衣The station bills need to be updated. 应急部署表须更新Check the expiry date for all foam extinguisher. 检查所有泡沫灭火器的过期时间Close all the water-tight doors. 关闭所有水密门Safety procedure shall be followed at all the times. 在任何时候都应遵守安全程序Anchor wires should have a Spelter type socket at anchor side.抛锚绳靠锚的一端应使用锌压头Colour code all the connection at the loading station. 在供给站管线接头处用颜色表明各管线Verify that a high level alarm is installed on the sludge tank. 确认污水舱安装有高位警报Don’t switch on during drilling operation. 钻井作业期间不能合闸Provide two independent means to start the emergency generator engine. 应急发电机柴油机应有两套独立的起动方法Have the boom pennant wires of port crane re-certified. 重新认证左舷吊车扒杆变幅绳Clean the internals of the emergency switchboard. 清洁应急配电盘内部Helicopter and Supply Vessel 直升机与供应船Load out Contractor’s riser at Zhanjiang anchorage. 在湛江锚地把承包商的隔水管装上平台Offload casing. (从供应船上)卸套管Load (offload or unload) the boat. 装(卸)船Get the food container loaded on the boat. 把食品集装箱装上船The helicopter will land on rig soon. 直升机很快就要在平台降落Tell the base to get (or send) a chopper here. 通知基地派飞机来Helicopters are not allowed to land here. 飞机不能降落Report the weather condition to the pilot. 向飞行员报天气Inform the boat come to standby. 通知拖轮过来待命Call the boat to come along port side. 通知拖轮过来靠左舷We will take the personnel basket. 我们乘坐吊篮Repair and Maintenance 检修Have an overall check. 进行全面检查MPI the brake linkage system. 对刹车连接系统进行磁粉探伤Demonstrate that the make-up cathead can pull 7000 lbs. 证明上扣猫头能拉到7000磅Determine the origin of the air leak and rectify this. 找出漏气的地方并处理Adjust the brake band equalizer beam properly. 适当调整刹带平衡梁Note that the 3000 hour inspection on TDS is due. 注意顶驱的3000小时保养时间已到Check sheave rope pocket wear with a 1 3/8”+1 1/32 template. 用1 3/8”+1/32”量规检查绳槽磨损的情况Repair the handrails on the crown. 修理天车台的栏杆Function test the anti-freefall brake on monthly basis. 每月对天车防碰装置进行功能试验Get me a spanner, please. 请递给我一把扳手Renew brake rim because of excessive wear. 更换磨损严重的刹车鼓Clearly mark safe working load (SWL) on the air winch below the rig floor. 表明钻台底下气动绞车的安全工作负荷Measure the master bushings for wear. 测量主补心磨损情况Have BOP ram opened up for internal inspection. 打开防喷器闸板进行内部检查Install a ground cable on the triplex pump motor. 给三缸泵马达安装接地线We need a 48”pipe wrench. 我们需要一把48”的管钳Strike it with a sledge hammer. 用大锤打We want a triangle file. 需要一把三角锉刀Tighten up the screw. 紧一下螺丝Check it with a level. 用水平尺量一下Put some engine oil. 抹点黄油Have it greased. 给它上黄油Put out of hole test string. 取出测试管串Check all the equipment. 检查所有设备There’s something wrong with it. 有点毛病Rig inspection will be performed in August. 验船安排在8月份Maintain the hoisting system. 保养提升系统Adjust the brake band. 调整绞车刹带Change the oil in the rotary gear box (transmission). 更换转盘变速箱机油Replace one water pump. 倒换一台冷却泵It’s quick-discharge air valve. 这是快速放气阀This clutch needs repair. 这台离合器需修理This tong needs replacing. 这把钳要更换了Slip 6 meters of the drilling line. 滑移钻井大绳6米Cut off 45 meters of the drilling line. 切割大绳45米Check the pump liners and pistons. 检查(泥浆)泵缸套和活塞The piston has been washed. 活塞刺坏了The supercharge pump doesn’t take in water. 灌注泵不上水Regulate the relief valve. 调整安全阀This part number is wrong. 这个配件号不对The multi-pen recorder has some problem. 多笔记录仪坏了井场用语：No smoking here. 此处严禁吸烟Everything is OK. 一切准备就绪Speed up please. 请快点The geologist must be present. 地质人员必须到场We have to wait on weather. 必须等候天气There will be strong wind. 有强风Give me a hand, please. 请帮一下忙Do you understand? 明白吗?No way! 不行Man overboard! 有人落水Help! Help! 救命Someone is injured. Medic! 有人受伤了, 医生Call for the medic. 叫医生Get a stretcher please. 拿担架来No more than 4 persons. 不能超过4人Drinking liquor is not allowed. 不许喝酒Don’t overrun your equipment. 不要超负荷运转Be careful at work. 工作时要小心No joking here. 别开玩笑Rig up for logging. 准备电测What is the next step? 下一步怎么办?Get everything ready as soon as possible! 尽快做好一切准备平台人员岗位术语：一. 承包商人员( Contractor’s Personnel )Rig Manager 平台经理Equipment Supervisor 设备总监Materials Supervisor 材料总监Senior Toolpusher 高级队长Junior Toolpusher 值班队长Driller 司钻Sub Sea Engineer (SSE) 水下工程师Assistant Driller (AD) 副司钻Derrick Man 井架工Floor Man (roughneck) 钻工Barge Master (captain) 船长First Mate (Barge engineer) 大副Control Room Operator (CRO) 压载工Ballast Control Operator (BCO) 压载工Chief Engineer 轮机长Head of Routabout 甲板班长Crane Operator 吊车工Routabout 甲板工Mechanic 机械师Electrician 电气师Repairman 修理工Motorman 轮机员Welder 焊工Radio Operator 电报员Warehouse Man (stock Keeper) 材料员Medic 医生Safety Supervisor 安全监督Interpreter (translator) 翻译Chief Steward 管事Cook 厨师Steward 厨工Laundry Man 洗衣工二. 作业者及服务公司人员( Operator’s Personnel and Service Company Personnel) Drilling Superintendent 钻井监督Company Man (Operator’s Representative) 公司代表Geologist 地质师Mud Logging Engineer (Mud logger) 泥浆录井工程师Sample Catcher 捞砂工Mud Engineer 泥浆工程师ROV Engineer 潜水工程师Cementer 固井工Cement Engineer 固井工程师Testing Engineer 试油工程师Coring Engineer 取芯工程师Wireline Logging Engineer电测工程师平台主要设备术语一. 钻井设备(Drilling Equipment):Drawworks 钻井绞车Rotary Table 转盘Bushing 补心Top Drive System (TDS) 顶驱Swivel 水龙头Crown Block 天车Traveling Block 游车Hook 大钩Derrick 井架Pipe Spinning Wrench 钻杆气动扳手Ezy-Torq 液压猫头Elmagco Brake 涡磁刹车Pipe handling Equipment 钻杆移动设备Iron roughneck 铁钻工Pipe Racking System 钻杆排放系统Drill String 钻柱Drilling Sub 钻井短节Fishing Tool 打捞工具Power Tong 动力大钳Air Winch (air tugger) 气动绞车Crown-O-Matic (Crown Saver) 防碰天车二. 泥浆系统(Mud System)Mud Pump 泥浆泵Shale shaker 振动筛Mud Cleaner 泥浆清洁器Desilter 除泥器Desander 除砂器Degasser 除气器Centrifuge 离心机Mud Agitator 泥浆搅拌器Mud Mixing System 泥浆混合系统Centrifugal Pump 离心泵Standpipe Manifold 立管管汇Rotary Hose 水龙带Bulk Air System and Tank 吹灰系统和灰罐三. 井控设备(Well Control Equipment): Ram Type Preventor 闸板防喷器Annular Type Preventor 万能防喷器BOP Stack 防喷器组Gate Valve 闸阀Choke and Kill Manifold 阻流压井管汇Remotely Operated Panel 远程控制面板Choke Control Panel 阻流控制面板BOP Handling Equipment 防喷器搬运设备Diverter 转喷器四. 海事系统(Marine System)Ballast System 压载系统Bilge System 污水系统Vent 通风口, 通气口Air Supply Fan 供气扇Mooring System 锚泊系统Communication Equipment 通讯系统Jacking System 升降系统Skidding System 井架滑移系统Windlass 锚机Anchor 锚Pendant 短索Buoy 浮标Lifting and Handling Equipment 起吊和搬运设备五. 机房(Engine Room)Diesel Engine 柴油机Emergency Generator 应急发电机Water Maker (desalinization unit) 造淡机Air Compressor 空气压缩机Boiler 锅炉Air-conditioning System 空调系统Sea Water Service Pump 海水供给系统Piping System 管汇系统Generator 发电机Transformer 变压器DC Motor 直流马达AC Motor 交流马达六. 安全设备(Safety Equipment)Fire Control System 消防控制系统Fire Detection System 火情探测系统CO2 System 二氧化碳系统Fixed Fire Extinguishing System 固定消防系统Portable Extinguisher 移动灭火器Fire-Fight Equipment 消防设备Foam System 泡沫系统Lifeboat 救生艇(Inflatable) Life Raft (气涨式)救生筏Davit 吊艇架Escape Routes 逃生路线Breathing Apparatus 呼吸器Life Buoy 救生圈Gas Detection System 气体探测系统Helicopter Facility 直升机设施Sick-Bay (Hospital) 医务室Pollution Control 防污控制七. 其他( Others)Cementing Unit 固井装置Well Testing Equipment 试油设备Mud Logging Unit 泥浆录井房Wire Logging Unit 电测装置ROV 潜水器Meter 米Foot 英尺Inch 英寸Supply Boat (supply vessel) 供应船Standby boat 值班船Day (night) Shift 白(夜)班Crew Change 倒班Crew 船员, 队员, 井队Position 岗位Draft (draught) 吃水Air Gap 空气间隙, 气隙Penetration (桩腿插桩)入泥Evacuation 撤离Rig (Drilling rig) 钻机, 钻井船平台场所术语：Bow 船首Stern 船尾Forward (FWD) or fore 船首的Aft 船尾的Port 左舷Starboard (STBD) 右舷Upper Deck 上部甲板Main Deck 主甲板Quarters (living quarters, accommodation area) 生活区Drill Floor (Rig floor) 钻台Bridge (Pilot house, Steerwheel house) 驾驶室Control Room 控制室Helideck 直升机甲板Cementing Unit Room 固井泵房Air Compressor Room 空气压缩机房BOP Control Room BOP控制房Radio Room 报房Engine Room 机房Thruster Room 推进器房Warehouse (Store) 材料库房Paint Room (paint locker) 油漆房库Leg 桩腿Jacking House 升降室Column 立柱Sack Storage Area 散装材料储存区Mud pit 泥浆池Cellar Deck 圆井甲板Riser Rack Area 隔水管排放区Pipe Rack Area 钻杆排放区Pipe Slide 滑道Ramp 坡道Spud Tank 桩脚箱Pontoon 浮箱Moonpool 月池/园井甲板Pump Room 泵房Shale Shaker House 振动筛房Coffee Room 咖啡室Rig Office 平台办公室Mess (dining) Room 餐厅Recreation Room 娱乐房TV RoomChange Room 工衣房Kitchen 厨房钻具,井口工具,打捞工具术语：Drill Pipe 钻杆Drill Collar 钻铤Heavy Weight Drill Pipe 加重钻杆Elevator 吊卡Tong 大钳Make-up Tong 上扣大钳Break-out Tong 卸扣大钳Mud Box 泥浆防喷盒Casing Stabbing Board 套管扶正器Slips 卡瓦Spider 卡盘Mouse Hole 小鼠洞(接单根用) Kelly Spinner 方钻杆旋转器Kelly Cock 方钻杆阀Chain Tong 链钳Casing 套管Tubing 油管Drill String 钻柱Jar (drilling jar) 震击器Right Hand Thread 正扣Left Hand Thread 反扣Stabilizer 扶正器Rabit 通管器Liner 尾管Conductor 导管Thread Protector 护丝Stand (钻杆) 立柱Single (钻杆) 单根Joint (钻具) 根Bend 弯头Sub 短节Pup Joint 短钻杆, 短节Connector 接头Bit 钻头Bit Breaker 钻头盒Box 母扣Pin 公扣Hole Opener 开眼钻头Reamer 扩眼钻头Overshot 打捞筒Junk Basket 打捞篮Junk Mill 平头磨鞋Spear 打捞矛Fishing Tap 打捞公锥Cross Over Sub (XO Sub) 转换接头Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) 下部钻具组合材料和工具术语：Steel 钢Iron 铁Wood 木Chemicals 化学品Cement 水泥Barite 重晶石Potable Water 淡水Drilling Water 钻井水Sea Water 海水Fuel 柴油Helifuel 飞机燃油Lubricant (Lube/Lube oil) 润滑油Grease 黄油Thread Dope 丝扣油Ballast Water 压载水Bilge Water 舱底水Gasoline 汽油Mud 泥浆Bentonite 般土Additive 添加剂Caustic Soda 烧碱Weight Material 加重材料Thinner 稀释剂Oxygen 氧气Nitrogen 痰气Hydrogen Sulphide 二氧化硫Acetylene 乙炔Compressed Air 压缩空气Hydraulic Fluid 液压油Spanner 扳手Hammer 铁锤Screw Driver 螺丝刀Multimeter 万用表Welding Machine 焊机Bar 撬杠Shackle 卸扣Sling (钢丝) 绳套Container 集装箱常用缩写形式术语：BHA: bottom hole assembly 下部钻具组合DP: drill pipe 钻杆DC: drill collar 钻铤HWDP: heavy weight drill pipe 加重钻杆BOP: blowout preventer 防喷器TD: total depth 总深TVD: true vertical depth (定向井的)垂直深度SCR: silicon controlled rectifier 可控硅OD: outside diameter 外径ID: inside diameter 内径BBL: barrel 桶LB: (拉丁语) Libra=pound (重量单位) PSI: pound per square inch 磅/英寸2 GAL: gallon 加仑POOH: pull out of hole 起钻RIH: run in hole 下钻WOW: wait on weather 等候天气WOC: wait on cement 候凝JU: Jackup 自升式(钻井船)SEMI: semi submersible 半潜式(钻井船) RPM: revolution per minute 转速/分钟LPM: liter per minute 升/分钟KN: knot 节(海里/小时)SWL: safe working load 安全工作负荷API: American Petroleum Institute 美国石油协会IADC: international association of drilling contractors 国际钻井承包商协会MPI: magnetic particle inspection 磁粉探伤采油方面：Openhole horizontal completions(裸眼水平井完井) reservoir management（油藏管理）production log（生产测井）producing well（开采井）horizontal well（水平井）technological advances（技术进步）deviated well（斜井）reservoir model（油藏模型）well productivity（油井产量）flow mechanism(流动机理)horizontal section（水平剖面）borehole(井眼)directional drilling（定向钻井）measurement（测量）vertical depth（垂直深度）horizontal wellbore(水平井眼)fluid movement （流体流动）parameter（参数）downhole flow dynamics（井下流动动态）matrix（基岩）fracture （裂缝）reservoir heterogeneity（油藏非均质性）pressure（压力）optimize（优化）well completion （完井）evaluation（评估）water cut（含水量）connectivity（连通性）bottomhole(井底) Openhole horizontal completions(裸眼水平井完井) reservoir management（油藏管理）production log（生产测井）producing well（开采井）horizontal well（水平井）technological advances（技术进步）deviated well（斜井）reservoir model（油藏模型）well productivity（油井产量）flow mechanism(流动机理)horizontal section（水平剖面）borehole(井眼)directional drilling（定向钻井）measurement（测量）vertical depth（垂直深度）horizontal wellbore(水平井眼)fluid movement （流体流动）parameter（参数）downhole flow dynamics（井下流动动态）matrix（基岩）fracture （裂缝）reservoir heterogeneity（油藏非均质性）pressure（压力）optimize（优化）well completion （完井）evaluation（评估）water cut（含水量）connectivity（连通性）bottomhole(井底) 1.After the well has been completed, the oil has to be brought up from the bottom of the hole tosurface. This can be achieved in several ways depending on the nature of the oil, and the potential energy available in the reservoir.完井之后，就要将原油从井底弄到地面；根据原油性质以及油藏内的潜在能量，可以有几种方法实现这一点。
石油专业英语（钻井）
石油专业英语（钻井）2008-08-02 21:02Drilli ng 钻井Carryout drilli ng operati on in accordance with the drilli ng progra m. 按钻井程序进行钻井作业.Prepared bell nipple. 准备”喇叭口”短节.Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接两根钻杆.Breakout this connection. 卸开该接头.Run hole opener to sea bed. 下扩眼器到海底Mix gel fluidfor drilli ng conductor hole. 为钻导管井眼配制高粘度泥浆.Make up bottom hole assembl y. 组合下部钻具Checkand resetcrown-saveron everytour. 每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置.Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下钻时给立柱编号.Pick up BHA and run to seaflo or. 将下部钻具下到海底.Pick up stands. 接立柱（一个立柱就是三根钻杆接在一起）Don’t drill faster than 15 minute s for 1 stand. 钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)测斜仪Fish TOTCOwith oversh ot. 用打捞筒捞起测斜仪Resume drilli ng to T.D. 继续钻进到总深Circul ate 15 minute s.循环15分钟Run in hole. 下钻Put out of hole. 起钻Make an invent ory of all ring gasket s. 开一个所有垫圈的清单Use spinni ng tong. 使用气动扳手Operat e the air winch. 操作气动绞车Lay down 57 joints of 5”drill pipe. 甩57根钻杆Pick up drill stem test tool. 提起钻杆测试工具Circul ate mud for 2 hours. 循环泥浆2小时Move string during circul ation. 在循环时注意活动钻具Circul ate hole clean. 循环清洗井眼Circul ate bottom s up. 循环泥浆几周Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥浆一次Checkmud weight every15 minutes. 每15分钟检查泥浆比重Reverse out excess cement. 反循环替出多余的泥浆Change/replace old mud by new mud.用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆Stop drilli ng. 停止钻进Drilli ng ahead. 钻进Pull out of hole bit. 起出钻头Change bit. 换钻头Run the wear bushin g. 下抗磨补心The bit thread type is regula r pin. 钻头丝扣是正规公扣What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?Run in 9”collars. 下9”钻铤The cathea d can’t give enough torque. 猫头力量不够Connect crosso ver sub. 接上配合接头The tong anglei s too small. 大钳的角度太小了地质年代术语英汉对照2008-08-0221:04stra tum 地层strati graphi c correl ation地层对比horizo n 层位key bed 标志层barren bed 哑层lacuna缺失hiatus 间断contin uity连续discon tinui ty 不连续conformity整合unconformit y 不整合angula r unconformit y 角度不整合para-unconformit y 平行不整合geochronolo gi c unit 地质年代单位eon 宙era 代period纪epoch世stage期chron时chrono strati grap hic unit 年代地层单位eonoth em 宇erathe m 界system系series 统stage阶chrono zone时带biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位biostratigraphic zone 生物地层带lithostrati graphi c unit 岩石地层单位group群formati on 组member段bed 层geochronolo gi c scale地质年代表Phaneo zoicEon(Eonoth em)显生宙（宇）Cainoz oi c Era(Erathe m) 新生代（界）Cenozoi c Era(Erathe m) 新生代（界）QuaternaryPeriod(System)第四纪（系）Holoce ne Epoch(Series) 全新世（统）Pleist ocene Epoch(Series) 更新世（统）Tertia ry Period(System) 第三纪（系）Neogen e Period(System) 新第三纪（系）Plioce ne Epoch(Series) 上新世（统）Miocen e Epoch(Series) 中新世（统）Paleog ene Period(System) 老第三纪（系）Oligocene Epoch(Series) 渐新世（统）Eocene Epoch(Series) 始新世（统）Paleocene Epoch(Series) 古新世（统）Mesozo i c Era(Erathe m) 中生代（界）CretaceousPeriod(System) 白垩纪（系）Jurassi c Period(System) 侏罗纪（系）triassi c Period(System) 三叠纪（系）Palaeo zoicEra(Erathe m) 古生代（界）Permia n Period(System) 二叠纪（系）Carboni fero u s Period(System) 石炭纪（系）Devoni an Period(System) 泥盆纪（系）Siluri an Period(System) 志留纪（系）Ordovi c ianPeriod(System) 奥陶纪（系）Cambri an Period(System) 寒武纪（系）Crypto zoicEon(Eonoth em) 隐生宙（宇）Proterozoic Eon(Eonoth em) 元古宙（宇）Neopro teroz oic Era(Erathe m) 新元古代（界）Sinian Period(System震旦纪（系）Mesoprotero zoicEra(Erathe m) 中元古代（界）Palaeo prote rozoi c Era(Erathem) 古元古代（界）Archae an Eon(Eonoth em) 太古宙（宇）Precam brian前寒武纪石油钻井词汇Part One SLICK-LINE（钢丝作业）A. TOOLSrope socket绳帽stem 加重杆roll stem 滚轮加重杆Tungst en stem 钨加重杆Lead stem 铅加重杆link jar 机械震击器tubula r jar 管状震击器hydrau lic jar 液压震击器spring jar 弹簧震击器knuckl e joint万向节swivel joint旋转节wellhe ad adapte r 井口变扣短节X-Over 变扣gaugecutter通井规select ive downsh ift tool 选择性滑套开关工具shiftt ing tool 移位工具blindbox 盲锤L.I.B(lead impres sionblock)铅印swagin g tool 胀管器spear打捞矛pronggrab 内捞矛center spear外捞矛catche r 捕捉器wirefi nder钢丝探测器Go devil-F.B 平底撞棍Go devil-C.B 刀杆撞棍retrie ver 钢丝打捞器oversh ot 卡瓦打捞筒magnet ic fishin g tool 磁力打捞工具sidewa ll cutter刮管刀alliga tor grab 鳄鱼爪sand bailer捞沙筒pipe wrench管钳tong chain链钳spanne r 扳手wireli ne clamp钢丝夹hay pulley地滑轮dump bailer倾倒筒saw 锯子saw blade锯条punch冲子file 锉刀flat file 板锉,扁锉hammer榔头pliers,vice 老虎钳wire cutter断线钳forfex剪刀tongs大钳,钳子,管钳flat bit tongs扁嘴钳screwd river改锥，螺丝刀wire stripp er 剥皮钳,掳线钳wire-stripp er pliers剥线钳B. EQUIPM ENTstuffi ng box 防喷盒lubric atoruppersectio n 上防喷管lubric atormiddle sectio n 中防喷管lubric atorlowersectio n 下防喷管blowou t preven ter(BOP) 防喷器wellhe ad adapte r 井口变扣短节Lincol n pump 林肯泵hand pump assy.for stuffi ng box 手压泵Fire exting uishe r 灭火器hand tool box 手工具箱inject or 注油器liftin g cap BOP吊帽trolly防喷管支撑架paraso l 阳伞work vice 台钳chainblock链葫芦tie down chain系紧链fixedpulley定滑轮wobble pump 手摇泵wire line clamp钢丝绳夹wire rope sling绳套,钢丝吊绳winch绞车winchbarrel(drum) 绞车滚筒winchbrake绞车刹车winchdriveshaftuniver sal joint绞车主动轴万向节winchdrum shaft绞车滚动轴winchline 吊装用绳套winchcontro l panel绞车控制面板winchtruck吊车C. OPERAT IONSRTTS Operat ion for ShootandPull RTTS完井服务RTTS Operat ion for CementSqueez ing RTTS固井服务（挤水泥）Pullin g Y Block捞Y堵塞器Open SSD(SlideSide Door) 开生产滑套CloseSSD(SlideSide Door) 关生产滑套Open Circul ating SSD(SlideSideDoor) 开循环滑套CloseCircul ating SSD(SlideSideDoor) 关循环滑套Runnin g GaugeCutter通井Cleanup 地面完井放喷Open DrainValve砸泻油阀Pullin g Test Plug 捞测试阀Runnin g Jet Pump 投射流泵Pullin g Jet Pump 捞射流泵Runnin g Flow Regula tor 投配水器Pullin g Flow Regula tor 捞配水器Fishin g Drop Bar 捞点火棒Measur ing Static Pressu re 测静压Measur ing Flowin g Pressu re 测流压Measur ing BHPBU(Bottom Hole Pressu re BuildUp) 测压力恢复Measur ing BHP(Bottom Hole Pressu re) Testin g with Jet Pump 带泵测压（射流泵）Multi-Rate BHP(Bottom Hole Pressu re) Testin g 系统试井Slick-line Operat ion for Comple tion钢丝配合完井服务Slick-line Operat ion for acidiz ing 配合酸化钢丝作业Runnin g Plug 投堵塞器Pullin g Plug 捞堵塞器Run Impres sionBlock下铅印Runnin g Prong投平衡杆Sand Leveldetect ion 探沙面Run Sand Bailer下捞砂桶Open SSSV(Sub Surfac e Safety V alve)by Force强行打开井下安全阀Runnin g Go Devil剪切钢丝Fishin g Slickl ine 打捞钢丝Runnin g Side Pocket Plug 投偏心堵塞器Pullin g Side pocket Plug 捞偏心堵塞器Runnin g Side Pocket CheckValve投偏心阀Pullin g Side Pocket CheckValve捞偏心阀Sand Sampli ng 取砂样Stable Test 稳定试井Slickl ine Swab 抽吸Runnin g Hanger投悬挂器Pullin g Hanger捞悬挂器D. SPAREPARTSgrease inject ion contro l head 注脂头grease oil 注脂油grease oil tank 注脂油桶BOP pump c/w hose 手压泵及管线pressu re test hose 试压管线lubric atorbleedoff manifo ld 防喷管针阀Martin Decker W-15 oil 马丁代克油Martin Decker WT indica tor c/whose 指重器及管线pickin g for stuffi ng box 盘根bearin g for the sheave for stuffi ngbox 轴承O-ring for lubric ator防喷管O环ram assemb ly for BOP 防喷管闸板总成O-ring for BOP BOP O环O-ring for wellhe ad adapte r 井口变扣O环pin 销钉counte r head 计数头cablefor counte r 计数器软轴bearin g of hay pulley地滑轮轴承Part two Pressu re gaugeaccord ance一致,和谐accura cy 精确性,正确度acquis ition获得,获得物alignm ent 校直,调准append附加,添加,悬挂apply申请,应用availa ble 可利用的,有用的batter y 电池batter y housin g 电池筒batter y tester电池测量器baud rate 波特率bull nose 底堵cable电缆,电线cablehead 电缆头,电缆接头calcul ation计算,考虑calibr ation标度,刻度,校准calibr ation drift漂移calibr ation parame ter 标定参数cartes ian 笛卡儿曲线certif icati on 证书com port 串行通讯端口comman d 命令,掌握,支配commun icate沟通,交流,通讯compen sate偿还,补偿config urati on 构造,结构,配置,外形config ure 配置,设定consis t 组成,构成contro l panel控制面板conver t 转换,使转变cross-over betwee n gauge压力计间变扣crysta l 水晶,晶体curren t 电流damage危险,损害data acquis ition获得数据decode解码,译解deltatime 累计时间deviat e 偏离diagno stic诊断diamet er 直径digita l 数字的direct ory 目录discus sion讨论displa y 显示器,显示,展示downho le tools井下工具drain消耗,耗尽dump data 回放数据durabi lity耐用性elemen t 元素,元件,成分elevat ed temper ature高温encode r 译码器,编码器establ ish 建立,安置filter过滤,筛选firmwa re 固件(软件硬件相结合)fixedrate 固定采样率flash闪光,闪现freque ncy 频率,周率gauge压力计graph图表,曲线图grease for transd ucer传感器用油housin g 壳,壳体incorp orate合并,混合indica te 指出,显示indivi dual个别的,单独的instal l 安装,安置instru ment工具,器械,器具interf ace box 接口箱interf ace box 接口箱intern al diagno stics内部诊断lapse失误,下降,过失linear plot 线性平面图log 日志mainte nance维护,保持manual手册,指南manufa cture制造,加工merge合并,并入,结合memory存储器,内存module模块observ e 观察,观测offer提供,企图parall el commun icati on 并行通信period周期,时期plug 堵,塞,插上,插栓port 端口,港口potent ial 潜在的,可能的presen tatio n 陈述,表达presen tatio n softwa re 操作软件printe r 打印机prior优先的,在前的proced ure 步骤,手续progra m 程序,节目prune剪除,修剪,删除qualit y 质量,品质,性质quartz石英range范围,射程real time 实际时间record mode 记录模式reduce减小,缩小,简化remote contro l 遥控,遥控操作remove移动,开除,移交requir e 请求,要求resolu tion分辨率respon se 回答,响应scale刻度,天平,比例尺select选择,挑选setup机构,安装,装备,组织silico ne oil 硅油sleepmode 休眠模式spanne r for gauge压力计专用扳手SRO(surfac e read-out) 地面直读surpas s 超过,胜过talk mode 对话模式termin al 终点终端thread grease丝扣油transd ucer传感器,变频器,交换器transi ent 短暂的,瞬时的transm it 传输,传送,发射信号transp ort 传送器,运输机transp ortat ion box 压力计箱troubl eshoo ting发现并修理故障trunca te 截取,修剪update更新,校正,修正upload上载variab le rate 可变采样率variou s 不同的,多样的versio n 版本,译本volt 伏特voltag e 电压wand 棒,棍,杖zoom 放大,缩放Part threePVT取样 air chambe r plug extrac tor 空气室拉出手柄air chambe r plug retain ing ringextrac tor 梭管套旋出手柄air chambe r tube assy 导流管air hose assy. 扫空管allenkey 内六角autocl ave vacuum nipple抽真空头B/benchhose assy. 样瓶转样管back-up ring 背环compre ssion spring压缩弹簧filler funnel漏斗flow regula tor body 节流器flow regula tor end cap 端帽flow regula tor extrac tor 节流器拉出手柄fuse/110V 保险丝/110Vglycol甘醇heatin g jacket for cylind er 样瓶加温器heatin g jacket for sample r 取样器加温器holder装配手柄intern al circli p 内簧卡intern al circli p for cylind er 取样瓶卡环lock grubsc rew 锁紧螺丝needle valve针阀needle valveassy.extrac tor 针阀手柄needle valvebody 针阀组件needle valveBUR former针阀背环工具off ball 钢球off disksp ring弹簧片piston assy. 活塞总成piston remova l 活塞移位工具piston ring 活塞环piston rod 活塞杆piston valvestem 梭阀杆pols-lock pin 锁定销钉pols-lock spring锁定销钉弹簧posi lock pin depres singtool 锁定按压工具primehand pump 注油器primehand pump adapto r 注油器适配器primeport adapto r assy. 加压口适配器primeport nipple plug 加压口堵头primeport spanne r 加压阀扳手primepump assy. 手压泵适配器primepump hose assy. 手压泵输出管push rod 推杆relief valvestem 调压阀杆retain ing ring 制动环revers iblecircli p pliers卡簧手钳safety solven t 清洗液sample analys is 试样分析,样品分析sample analyz er 试样分析器sample bailer采样筒sample blob 井底取样器sample bomb 高压取样瓶,样品存储器sample bottle取样瓶,采样瓶sample bottle valveadapto r 样瓶接头sample chambe r 样品室sample cock 取样旋塞,取样拷克sample collec tion取样,样品收集sample collec tionproced ure 取样点,采样点sample collec tor 取样程序sample connec tion试样收集器,采样员sample contai ner 取样接头sample contam inati on 样瓶,样筒,样品容器sample cup 样品污染sample cylind er 样品杯sample cylind er tag 样瓶,样筒sample date 样瓶标签sample depth取样日期sample freque ncy 采样深度sample hose 采样信号sample identi ficat ion 取样井,采样井sample integr ity 采样频率sample interv al 样品管,采样胶皮管sample period样品鉴定sample point样品的真实性sample signal取样间隔,取样速度sample well 取样周期sample r hose assy. 取样器软管总成settin g screw制动螺丝settin g fork 导流叉管settin g tool 空气定位销手柄settin g tool 梭杆推进套shuttl e mechan ism assy. 触发机构tee ring sealsT型密封环test gauge压力表tool body clamp取样器夹具tool dressi ng aids 更换'O'环工具torque wrench扭矩扳手torque wrench adapto r 扭矩扳手接头torque wrench adapto r 扭矩扳手接头transf er benchassy. 转样器总成transf er lock sleeve转样护帽transf er port adapto r 转样适配器transf er port plug 转样口堵头trigge r mech. assy. 触发机构总成trigge r spring触发弹簧vacuum hand pump 真空泵vibragauge压力表Part four OthersAa direct ional engine er 定向井工程师a drilli ng engine er 钻井工程师a drilli ng superv isor钻井监督a senior mud engine er 高级泥浆工程师a toolpu sher队长，技师abando ned drill弃船演习accele vator促凝剂acidit y 酸性adapte r 接头additi ve 添加剂/处理剂aheadwater先行水air chambe r 空气包air hoist气动绞车alarm警报alkali nity碱性泥浆比重amplit ude log 声幅测井anchor锚angle角钢annula r return veloci ty 泥浆返回流速annula r space环形空间annula r veloci ty 环空流速appare nt viscos ity 视黏度asbest os 石棉assist ant tug boat 护航船assist ant drille r 副钻aviati on fuel 航空油Bback off 倒扣back pressu re 回压back pressu re valve回压阀ball 球ball up 泥包bargeengine er 平台工程师barite重晶石bearin g 轴承bearin g angle方位bed 床behind water尾水bit 钻头bit bearin g 钻头轴承bit breake r 钻头装卸器bit cost 钻头成本bit diamet er 钻头直径bit gauge钻头规bit life 钻头寿命bit nozzle钻头水眼bit positi on 钻头位置bit sub 钻头接头bit time 钻头纯钻时间bit tooth钻头牙齿bit torque钻头扭矩bit type 钻头型号bit wear 钻头磨损blasti ng cap 雷管blow out 井喷blow out preven ter 防喷器boiler锅炉bolt 螺栓bolt,nut 螺丝,螺母bore hole 裸眼bore hole well 井壁boring钻孔bottom hole 井底bottom fill 沉砂bottom hole pressu re 井底压力bottom hole pressu re 井底压力bottom s up 携带岩屑box 母扣brake刹车breakout 卸扣breech lock 泡栓buildup 压力恢复bulk densit y 堆积密度;松装密度bulk tank 灰罐bumper sub 缓冲器buoyan cy coeffi cient浮力系数bushin g 补芯butane丁烷Ccable电缆calciu m remove r 除钙剂calcul ating free piont计算卡点深度calibr ation刻度casing套管,螺纹联接的兀接箍casing head 套管头casing spool套管四通casing burstpressu re 套管破裂压力casing elevat or 套管吊卡casing monkey board套管平台casing pressu re 套压casing progra m 套管程序casing scrape r 套管刮管器casing shoe 套管鞋casing sub 套管接头casing tong 套管大钳cathea d 猫头cave in 坍塌cement水泥cement basket水泥伞cement bond log 固井质量检验cement flush水泥冲洗cement slurry水泥浆cement slurry for lead 先行水泥浆cement ing 固井cement ing line 固井管线cement ing pump 固井泵center latch elevat or 中开门吊卡centra lizer套管扶正器centri fugal pump 离心泵chain block倒链change bit 换钻头chart卡片check valve单流阀chemic al tank 化学药剂缸chemic al treatm ent 化学处理chemic als 化学剂choke油嘴chokeline 阻流管汇choke manifo ld 试油树christ mas tree 采油树circul ating pressu re 循环压力circul ation循环circul ation rate 循环速度clamp卡子clay contam inati on 粘土侵clock时钟clog house值班房cock 水龙头coeffi cient of fricti on 摩擦系数colloi d 胶体comple tion完井comput er 计算机conduc tor 隔水导管cone 牙轮cone bit 牙轮钻头connec tor 联结器contam inati on of mud 泥浆污染contra ct 合同contra ctor承包商contro l room 控制室conven tiona l mud 普通泥浆cooker炊事员core 岩心core barrel取芯筒core bit 取芯钻头core catche r 岩心爪core gun 取芯器core handli ng tools取芯工具core recove ry 取芯收获率coring取芯coupli ng 联接扣cover外壳crane operat or 吊车司机critic al veloci ty 临界速度cross十字接头crossover,x-over(XO) 大小头，短节，变扣接头，旁通管crosso ver sub 配合接头crown block天车cut off workli ne 割大绳cylind er 缸Ddaily produc tion日产量deadli ne 死绳deadli ne anchor死绳固定器deck 甲板declin ation偏差/方位角degasser 除气器dehydr ation失水densim eter密度计depth井深derric k 井架derric k man 架工desand er 除砂器desilt er 沉淀池, 滤水池detona tor 炸药deviat ion survey井斜测量diamon d bit 金刚石钻头die collar打捞卡瓦diesel oil 柴油differ ent pressu re sticki ng 压差卡钻direct ional well 定向井discha rge of pump 泵排量disper sing agent分散剂displa ce 替diver潜水员doctor医生drag 遇阻draw works绞车drier(dringoven) 干燥计drift angle倾角driftmandre l 通径规drifti ng 通径drillpipe 钻杆drill spool钻井四通drillstem 钻柱drill string s 钻杆拄drill water钻井水drillcollar钻铤drillfloor钻台drillfloor钻台drille r 司钻drilli ng 钻进drilli ng techni cian钻井技术员drilli ng assemb ly 钻具组合drilli ng break进尺突然加快drilli ng cost 钻井成本drilli ng crew 钻井队员drilli ng engine er 钻井工程师drilli ng equipm ent 钻井装置,钻机drilli ng line 大绳drilli ng log 钻井记录drilli ng ration钻速drilli ng record er 钻井记录仪drilli ng rig 钻井船drilli ng troubl es 井下事故drum shaft滚筒轴DST(drillstem test) 延长DST测试dump valve放泄阀duplex slushpump 双缸泥浆泵DV collar分级注水泥短接DV port DV孔Eelbow弯接头electr ic loggin g 电测electr ic submer ged pump(ESP) 电潜泵electr ician电工elevat or 吊卡elevat or link 吊环emulsi fier乳化剂engine room 机舱erecti ng equipm ent 安装设备erecti ng tools安装工具erodeout 刺坏error误差ethane乙烷explor ation勘探extend ed well testin g 延长测试extern al upset外加厚Ffalsethread ing 造扣fieldmainte nance现场维护，现场保养fill line 灌泥浆管线fillin g up mud 灌泥浆filter cake 泥饼filter paper滤纸filtra tion educin g agent降失水剂finger board指梁fire drill消防演习fishin g 打捞fishin g bumper sub 打捞缓冲器fishin g jars 打捞震击器fishin g job 打捞作业fishin g neck 打捞颈fishin g tools打捞工具fishin g up 打捞出落鱼flash welded tool joint闪光焊接接头flashl ight手电float collar浮箍floatshoe 浮鞋floorman 钻工flow 放喷flow line 泥浆出口管线flow rate 流量flow line 出油管flow rate 流速flowin g bean(nipple) 油嘴flowin g pressu re gradie nt 流压梯度fluidloss 失水量fluore scenc e 荧光反应format ion 地层format ion conduc tivit ies 地层电导率format ion damage破坏地层fractu ring压裂free pipe 未卡部分钻柱free point自由点free standi ng mast 无绷绳轻便井架fresh water淡水full hole(FH) 贯眼扣functi on 函数funnel viscom eter漏斗黏度计Ggammaray 射线gammaray log 自然测井gas reserv oir 气层gas analys is 气体分析gas chroma togra phy 气体色谱仪gas cut 气侵gas in mud 泥浆中气量gas oil ratio油气比gas out 气侵gas showin g 气体显示gasoli ne 汽油gauge量规gear 牙轮gel 凝胶gel cement胶质水泥gel mud 胶质泥浆gel streng th 切力genera tor 发动机geothe rmal gradie nt 地温梯度gooseneck 鹅颈管grade级/等级grease黄油guideshoe 引鞋gun perfor ation射孔完井gypsum mud 石膏泥浆Hhammer锤子hard ware 硬件heavymud 重泥浆/加重泥浆heavy viscos ity mud 高粘泥浆heavy weight drillpipe 加重钻杆heavybodied很稠的，粘滞的helico pter直升飞机helico pterport 飞机平台helmet安全帽hole opener扩眼器hole size 井眼尺寸hole straig hteni ng 井眼校正/纠斜hook 大钩hook load 大钩负荷hook load off bottom钻柱离底时大钩负荷hook positi on 大钩位置hopper漏斗hose 软管/水龙带hull 船身hydrau lic pressu re 静水压力hydrau lic oil 液压油hydros tatic pressu re 静水压力IIF(intern al flush)内平扣indent ed bolt 齿纹螺栓indent ed chisel齿状钻头，牙轮钻头indire ct flushi ng 反循环洗井，反向冲洗induct ion electr icalsurvey感应电测井inerti a brake惯性刹车initia l gel streng th 出切inner barrel内岩心筒inner string cement ing 内管注水泥input输入insert bit 镶齿钻头inside bop drill安装回压凡尔演习intake profil e 吸水剖面intern al upset内加厚intern al-extern al upset内外加厚interp reter翻译invade d zone 侵入带invasi on diamet er 侵入直径invers e circul ation反洗井invers e well-flushi ng 反洗井isobut ane 异丁烷isopen tane异戊烷Jjack knifemast 折叠式轻便井架jack up type drilli ng unit 自升式钻井船jars 震击器joint单根junk basket打捞蓝Kkelly方钻杆kelly bushin g 方钻杆补芯kellycock 方钻杆考可kellydown 方入kelly down depth方入深度kelly drive方钻杆滚子补芯kelly spinne r 方钻杆旋扣器kellyup 方余key seat 键槽key seatin g sticki ng 键槽卡钻kick 井涌kick contro l 控制井涌kill line 压井管汇killin g a well 压井Llamina r flow 层流latchi ng elevat or 扣吊卡lay down 甩lay time 迟到时间leak 漏life raft 救生筏lifebo at 救生艇lift jacket救生衣liftin g sub 提升短接light weight mud 轻泥浆lignit e 铁络盐lignit e mud 铁络盐泥浆lime 石灰lime mud 石灰泥浆limit 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石油工程专业英语【课文翻译】Unit 1 Introduction to petroleum industry1) Introduction石油工业在我们的日常生活以及其他工业领域扮演着相当重要的角色。
石油工业可以主要分成上游部分、中游部分以及下游部分。
今天，许多大的石油公司，例如中国石油、中石化、中海油，都在中国开采着地下油藏的大量原油。
大多数原油和天然气都是由几百万年前在沼泽和海洋中的植物和动物形成的。
这些有机物与小溪和河流中的淤泥沉积在一起。
这些沉积最终压实形成了沉积岩石。
热量和压力把这些植物和动物中柔软的部分转化成为固态的、液态的和气态的碳氢化合物，也就是我们知道的煤、原油和天然气。
随着陆地和海洋的石油工业的快速繁荣，公众的注意力也集中到了石油工业的环境保护问题上来。
幸运的是，技术的创新、精心的培训、严格的法规都将让石油工业对人类、动物、土壤、空气和水的污染降低到最小。
✓Swamp: 沼泽，湿地✓Stringent : 严格的，必须遵守的2) Three main components of the industry今天，上游部分包括了超过100家勘探和生产公司以及数百家相关的部门，例如地震和钻井承包商，修井承包商，工程公司和各种科学技术服务公司和供给部门。
中游部分包括连接生产和消费领域的油气集输系统。
其他的设备将提炼硫和液态天然气，储存石油和天然气产品，并且用卡车、铁路以及油罐车运输产品。
下游部分由炼油厂、气体分离设备、原油零售商、服务站以及石油化工公司。
✓Service rig: 修井设备；修井机✓Utility：n. 功用，实用；a. 实用的；多用途的3) Finding oil and natural gasa)Exploration- the search for petroleum一个圈闭应该包含三个要素：●多孔油藏岩石来聚集石油和天然气—典型的岩石有：砂岩、石灰岩和白云岩。
●上覆不可渗透岩石来阻止油气的逃逸。
●油气的生油岩—典型的有黑色的似蜡的页岩。
✓Paleontologist : 古生物学家✓Waxy: 似蜡的，光滑如蜡的b)Seismic surveys在地震测试中，地球物理勘测队的员工将在地面铺设一条或者几条金属的敏感接受仪，被称为震波接受仪。
接着将在地面制造爆炸或机械震动。
震波接受仪将记录从岩层不同深度反射回来的地震波能量。
为了减小对环境的影响，许多承包商今日石油的石人工地震的方法，实用一个沉重的震动的工具发射能量到地下。
如同石油工业的其他部门一样，勘探工作者们已经采用了更高环境标准的地震测试。
例如，改进液态天然气，重一些的碳氢化合物，包括有乙烷、丙烷、丁烷。
●凝析油，液态的碳氢化合物，来自炼制天然气的过程。
●硫，来自炼制天然气的过程，一般液态或者颗粒、饼状，使用卡车或者火车运输。
b)Gas processing消费者购买的天然气几乎全部是由最简单的碳氢化合物甲烷构成的。
在气藏中，甲烷通常是和其他重一些的碳氢化合物混合在一起的，例如乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、戊烷，以及水蒸气，在酸气中的硫化氢等，以及二氧化碳、氮气和其他气体。
2)Moving oil and natural gasTransportation- moving and selling products石油和天然气一般都位于偏远的地区。
供给和需求方是用管线连接在一起的。
有些管道是直径大于1米的金属道，而另外的塑料管道只有几十厘米。
他们的分配系统和公路、高速公路或者电力设备一样复杂。
然而，管道大多数是看不见的，埋在地下一米深左右。
管道分为以下的几大类型：●集输管网将原油和天然气从井筒运输到炼制工厂和传输设备。
●输油干线将原油、天然气、和炼制的石油产品运输到炼油厂和石油化工企业，有一些输油干线把炼制产品输送到消费者。
●气体传输系统将把生产区域的高压天然气输送到消费区域。
●地方的输送公司把天然气以低压输送给家庭用户和商业用户。
3)Using oil and natural gasa)Refining and petrochemicals- manufacturing molecules石油分子是由各种各样的尺寸和形态的碳氢链组成的。
天然气中的甲烷是最简单和最小的分子。
与此对应的是在沥青中的分子就结构很复杂、链长也很巨大。
这些碳氢分子在炼油厂和化工厂将被分类、分裂、重排和混合。
在那里，它们将变成大量的产品，从汽油到合成橡胶。
b) A versatile energy source石油工业的存在是因为人们已经习惯了石油产品带给人们的各种好处，例如方便、廉价的运输，温暖的房间和成千上万的合成材料。
这些是由产品已经改变了我们今天的生活方式。
石油和其衍生出来的产品已经渗透到我们生活的各个角落。
Unit 2 Geology and reservoir traps1)Introduction P24在石油工程中，工程师必须知道油藏是怎样的，石油是如何形成的，流涕在油藏中是如何流动的。
地质在石油勘探中扮演者主要的角色。
石油工程专业的学生应该学会辨认不同的圈闭类型，这些圈闭是油气储集的地方。
钻井产生的岩屑和岩芯为石油勘探和开发提供了重要的信息。
实验室对岩屑的分析将提供油藏岩石的具体物理性质参数。
根据实验室的结果，石油工程师就可以对开发油藏做出决策。
2)Formation of a sedimentary basin P24~25石油通常是在沉积盆地被发现的。
沉积盆地是地壳的凹陷区域，这里曾经有微小的植物和动物生活过，并且和小溪河流中的淤泥沉积在一起。
这些沉积最终被压实形成了沉积岩。
地球的寿命大约有四十五亿年。
生产油气的最早沉积一般是在5.6亿年前形成的。
3)Origins of oil and gas地球不是我们想象的那样固定不变的。
实际上地球是一个由固态岩石和熔融的流体组成的不断缓慢移动和改变的球体。
例如，南美洲就在以指甲生长速度在飘移远离非洲。
地震和火山就是地球不稳定和不断改变的例证。
地壳被分为无数的地质构造板块。
这些板块互相推挤、不断上升下降、倾斜、滑动、卷曲、崩塌，分离又融合。
结果，在古老海底的沉积可以在高山顶被发现。
实际上，珠穆朗玛峰就是这样形成的。
在五亿年的时候，光合作用就让地球上存在生命。
植物吸收太阳的能力并且把二氧化碳和水转化成氧气和碳水化合物，如糖、淀粉和纤维素。
这些碳水化合物以及其他的有机物最终在地面、溪流、湖泊和海洋生存下来。
当这些有机物埋藏更深的时候，温度和压力将它们转化成固态的、液态的和气态的碳氢化合物，就是熟知的矿物燃料煤、原油或者天然气。
石油通常是由海洋的植物和动物形成的，主要是藻类，它是在至少一百万年的地下在温度是50-150度之间的“煮”出来的。
天然气在很大的温度和压力变化范围内，可以由几乎所有的海洋或者陆地的有机物形成。
由于上覆岩层的重力作用和压力，原油和天然气很少停留在形成它们的生油岩层里。
而它们将在地下沉积岩层中运移，一直到它们逃逸到地面或者被低渗透的隔层阻隔为止。
世界上被发现的大多数石油都是在相对低渗的多孔岩石中被圈闭起来的。
这些油藏通常离生成地都有很远的距离。
当碳氢化合物运移到地面的时候，就形成了油苗。
长此以往，就有大量的碳氢化合物逃逸到大气中。
流动水也可能冲刷掉碳氢化合物。
有时候只有较轻、易挥发的组分运移了，剩下的就是较重的原油。
1)Looking inside rocks一个勘探工作者应该掌握很好的理论知识或者拥有直觉，为何一个区域会含有油气。
第一手的露头地质资料以及地表特征有时可以帮助确认最基本的要求：必须有沉积岩石，在沉积盆地中有潜在的油藏和含油层。
在盆地中，勘探者的第一步就是检查这个区域所有已知的信息。
其中应该包括：学术论文，地面地质观察，来自机构的已经钻取的井资料，和邻近区域或者相似区域的先前勘探结果。
地质学家可以鉴别这些结构、构造、新沉积盆地的厚度和深度，他们通过测量通过和从沉积层反射回来的地震波的时间来获得。
2)Cuttings and core以前的钻井资料为勘探家提供了很重要的信息。
当一口井钻好之后，小的岩石碎片称为岩屑就被钻井液携带到地面。
这些碎屑就是钻井的时候钻头研磨地层的碎片。
地质学家、地球物理学家、孢粉学家-研究孢粉和小化石的科学家，将检查这些碎屑，得出地层的年代、化学组成、孔隙度、渗透率和其他的物性。
更大更连续的圆筒状的岩样称为岩芯，可以用一种特别的取芯钻头获得。
尽管取芯会增加成本，但是实验室分析、观察岩样将提供这个沉积盆地的详细地很有用的具体数据，岩石和岩石中流体的组成以及物性资料。
即使一口井没有钻遇商业上有价值的油气层，它仍然可以提供很有用的地下岩石和构造资料。
这些将帮助勘探家门对比一些对应岩层的地震图片，可以为下一次的成功提供参考。
3) Common petroleum traps最常见的石油圈闭如图所示。
在一个典型的圈闭中，气体是以“气顶”的形式位于“油腿”上方，聚集在油藏的顶部的，而油又是位于饱和水上部的。
这是因为天然气比石油轻，石油又比水轻。
然而，在油藏的有些地方，三种流体是混合的。
孔隙度是岩石容纳油和气的能力，如同水储存在海绵中一样。
渗透率表征了流体通过岩石的难易程度。
Unit 3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas1) Definition and classification原油的定义为“在地下油藏状态下是液态，在大气压下通过地面分离设备保持液态的碳氢化合物的混合物”。
表观上原油的颜色是在黄色、绿色、棕色和深棕色以及黑色之间变化的。
原油在性质上是油性的并且粘度变化范围很大。
原油在地面要比在温暖的油藏中更粘。
表观粘度在1.4-19400厘沱之间随着温度和原油深度和年代而变化。
多数原油比水轻。
尽管原油的密度可以由它和水的比重的比值来衡量，但是经常是采用的重力单位，由API 的定义如下公式所示：其中比重60/600F 是原油在600F 与水的重力的比值。
注意到API 重度与密度成反比关系。
因此，轻油的API 重度大于40（比重0.83），而重油的API 重度小于10 （比重1.0）。
重油的定义就是比重大于水的原油。
2) Paraffins烷烃，一般称为链烷烃，是饱和的碳水化合物，通式是C n H 2n+2。
当n<5时，烷烃在常温常压下是气态的。
这些化合物有：甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和丁烷。
当n 处于5到15之间时，烷烃在常温常压下是液态的。
当n>15时，烷烃在粘性液体和固态石蜡之间变化。
链烷烃分子有两种类型，它们含有相同的原子结构，并且分子量随着分子链CH 2的增加而增加。
一种是直链分子结构，另外一种是支链分子结构。
烷烃在原油中的含量丰富，直链分子结构比支链分子结构的要多。