翻译理论与实践_曾剑平_词语的理解与翻译

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英汉翻译理论与实践

英汉翻译理论与实践

不可以忽视通顺 From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing. (N. S. Momaday: The End of My Childhood) 原译:从那里,我可以看见下面的整个山谷,那田野、河 流和村庄。这一切非常美丽,见到后使我心里充满了渴望 。 改译:从这里望下去,整个山谷一览无遗,只见那田野、 河流和村庄,全都美不胜收,真叫我心驰神往。
忠实是翻译的首要问题 要忠实于原文的真正含义 忠实+通顺:抓住原文的真正含义,但不要 受原文结构形式的束缚,而是按照汉语习惯 用法来安排译文。(P7)
The commuter dies with tremendous mileage to his credit…(E. B. White: The Three New Yorks) 原译:上班族的人死去时有跨越千山万水的 辉煌记录。 改译:上班族生中有着惊人的行程。
奈达: 所谓翻译,是指在译语中用最切近而 又自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先在语 义上,其次是文体上。
Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
翻译的基本标准 忠实与通顺 faithfulness and smoothness “Understanding translation is embedded in the concept of faithfulness. ” 忠实于内容vs忠实于形式 共核标准:信息传真、风格再现、可读性好 具体操作时:谁不瞄准目标以远的地方射击,谁就不 会击中目标 ( Cowley 考利 )

翻译理论与实践教学课件

翻译理论与实践教学课件

02 翻译技巧与实践
CHAPTER
理解与表达
理解
准确把握原文含义,包括词汇、语法 、语境等,是翻译的基础。
表达
将理解后的信息用目标语言表达出来 ,要求准确、流畅、符合目标语言习 惯。
直译与意译
直译
按照原文的词句、结构进行翻译,保留原文形式和意义。
意译
不拘泥于原文形式,以传达原文意义为主,更注重译文的流畅性和自然度。
03 翻译教学策略与方法
CHAPTER
翻译教学目标的设定
提高学生翻译技能
01
通过系统的翻译训练,帮助学生掌握基本的翻译技巧和方法,
提高翻译水平。
培养跨文化意识
02
引导学生理解不同文化背景下的语言差异,培养跨文化交流的
能力。
培养职业道德素养
03
强调翻译的准确性和规范性,培养学生的职业道德素养和责任
04 翻译实践案例分析
CHAPTER
文学翻译案例
总结词
注重语言艺术和文化内涵
VS
详细描述
文学翻译案例主要涉及诗歌、小说、戏剧 等文学作品,强调语言的美感和文化内涵 的传递。在翻译过程中,需要关注原文的 艺术风格、修辞手法和情感色彩,力求在 译文中保留原作的艺术魅力。
商务翻译案例
总结词
注重专业性和准确性
采用传统的讲授、练习和讨论相结合 的教学方法,确保学生掌握基本的翻 译知识和技能。
案例教学法
通过分析真实的翻译案例,让学生了 解实际翻译过程中遇到的问题和解决 方法。
合作学习法
组织学生进行小组合作,共同完成翻 译任务,培养学生的协作能力和团队 精神。
信息技术应用
利用现代信息技术手段,如在线学习 平台、智能翻译软件等,提高教学效 率和学生的学习效果。

翻译理论和实践(好)

翻译理论和实践(好)

长句处理
02
对于长句,可采用拆译、合译等方法,确保译文逻辑清晰、表
达准确。
语序调整
03
根据目标语言的表达习惯,适当调整语序,使译文更加流畅。
文化背景与语境理解
01
02
03
文化背景知识
了解源语和目标语的文化 背景知识,避免文化误解 和冲突。
语境理解
深入理解原文的语境,包 括上下文、情境、背景等, 确保译文的准确性和贴切 性。
翻译理论和实践
• 翻译理论概述 • 翻译实践技巧 • 翻译案例分析 • 翻译质量评估与改进 • 翻译行业现状与前景
01
翻译理论概述
翻译的定义与本质
翻译是将一种语言中的文本转换成另 一种语言中的文本的过程,涉及语言 、文化、社会等多个方面。
翻译的本质是信息传递和文化交流, 旨在促进不同语言和文化之间的理解 和沟通。
02
翻译实践技巧
词汇选择与运用
精确选词
根据上下文和语境,选择最准确、贴切的词汇进行翻 译。
词义辨析
注意一词多义现象,根据具体语境选择合适的词义。
词汇搭配
掌握词汇间的固定搭配和习惯用法,使译文更加地道。
句子结构与表达
句式转换
01
灵活运用各种句式,如主动句与被动句的转换、肯定句与否定
句的转换等,使译文表达更加自然。
翻译质量
由于翻译人才素质和翻 译公司管理水平参差不 齐,导致翻译质量良莠 不齐,客户投诉率较高。
翻译行业发展趋势
机器翻译技术的进步
随着人工智能和机器学习技术的发展,机器翻译的质量和效率不 断提高,未来将更加普及。
专业化和细分化
翻译行业将越来越专业化和细分化,不同领域的翻译将需要不同的 专业背景和技能。

《翻译理论与实践》课程教案

《翻译理论与实践》课程教案

《翻译理论与实践》课程教案《翻译理论与实践》课程讲义第一章翻译概述学时:1周,共2学时教学目的:了解翻译的实质,翻译的标准以及翻译(笔译)常用的两种方法教学重点:翻译(笔译)常用的两种方法——直译与意译教学难点:正确理解句子,运用适当的方法翻译句子教学内容第一节翻译的实质和标准一、翻译的实质翻译是一种语言文字的实践,是利用一种语言文字把另外一种语言文字所表达的思想确切而完善地重新表达出来的实践。

二、翻译的标准清代学者严复明确提出“信、达、雅”三条标准,可以说在所有提法中影响最大。

我们认为一切理论都应该坚持对立统一的观点, 都应以“正确”和”通顺”作为准则。

在此基础上,还要注意原文的语言形式和文体风格。

翻译的方法正确理解句子要正确理解句子需要三方面的知识:1.词汇知识 2.语法知识 3. 上下文知识三、直译和意译直译和意译是翻译中最常用的两种方法. 如果原语的词汇意义、句法结构、文体风格与译语风格一致或相似,即可用直译. 如:Still waters run deep, 译为”静水流深”. 但如果两种语言在表达同一思想内容时,词汇意义、句法结构、文体风格相差悬殊,就只有采用意译手段才能达到翻译标准的要求.练习题:1.Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.2. It is possible that they never imagined that any considerable amount of public opinion would be rallied in their favor.3. We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change as a resultof which it is possible to reform a new substance.4. There was nothing mass produced about the school, but if it was individualistic, it also had discipline.第二章词语理解学时:1周,共2学时教学目的:正确理解词义,并对词义做出判断。

《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)

《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)

《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)1 什么是翻译?翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。

翻译的过程不仅是语言转换过程,且是反映不同社会特征的文化转换过程。

翻译是科学,因为它有规律可循;是艺术,因为它是译者对原文进行再创造的过程;是技能,因为译文的信息需要用译语以恰当的方式再现。

2 翻译的可能性和局限性是什么?翻译的可能性,建立在文化的共性上,而局限性建立在文化的个性上。

文化是一种复杂概念,大致可分为三类:物质文化、制度文化和心理文化。

语言属制度文化,因为它由社会中的人创造,有其使用规律,为全社会的人共有。

人类在同一个地球上生活繁衍,不同国家不同民族的人民都拥有上述三种文化,它们的许多共同之处便是翻译的基础。

由于人类居住的生态环境有别,各国社会历史不完全相同,各国人民表情达意的手法也有差别,它们都是文化交流的障碍,有些障碍甚至不可逾越,这便是造成翻译局限性的原因。

3 翻译和其它学科有关系吗?翻译是一门博大精深的学问,但它和语言诸学科和文化诸学科的关系最密切。

由于翻译至少涉及两种文化和两种语言,是跨文化、跨语言的交际,运用语言或文化科学指导翻译实践时,均需将有关学科进行对比。

所以,译学是“百科学”和译者是“杂家”的比喻,是一点也不过分的。

4 译者应该具备哪些素养?译者应能较熟悉地运用原语和译语,通达人情世故,了解作者和读者的心理,尊重作者和读者,尽力是自己成为沟通他们心灵的桥梁;译者要能“忘我”,尽量再现作者的意图和风格,而不是用自己的风格取而代之;译者应谦虚、大度,热爱学习、锲而不舍,要有将人类创造的全部知识来丰富自己的决心。

译无涯,学无涯。

5 翻译的从属性和创造性是什么?翻译是在科学指导下的艺术活动,需要译者在透彻理解原文的基础上进行再创造,但创造的目的是再现原文的意义和功能,创造的原则是服从于原文,从属于原文。

译者在翻译时好比是走钢丝的杂技演员,无论如何随着音乐的节奏和旋律手舞足蹈或前滚后翻,始终不能离开脚下的钢丝。

翻译理论与实践

翻译理论与实践

Chapter Two: Translation: Theory and Practice Part 1.Understanding of Translation1. Definition of translation:Definitions of proper translating are almost numerous and varied as the persons who have undertaken to discuss the subject. This diversity is in a sense quite understandable; for there are vast differences in the materials translated, in the purposes of the publication, and in the needs of the prospective audience. Moreover, live languages are constantly changing and stylistic preferences undergo continual modification. Thus a translation acceptable in one period is often quite unacceptable at a latter time.(Eugene Nida) Translation is the expression in one language (or target language) of what have been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. (Dubois. J.et al)Translation is craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. (Peter Newmark) 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

翻译理论与实践

翻译理论与实践

《翻译理论与实践》学习心得王敏 200821110104何谓“翻译”?其过程不外乎于两个过程:理解(comprehension)和表达(representation)。

初学翻译,对翻译技巧是缺乏认识的,还没有形成一套系统的翻译理论。

经过半年的学习,从单句翻译到段落翻译再到篇章翻译,通过这种层层递进的学习,翻译的轮廓也被逐渐勾勒出。

因此,对原文的理解又可细分为:对词的理解、对句子结构的理解、对篇章语境的理解。

在一个前后联系正确的逻辑关系下,忠实于原文,对译本层层剖析达到全面理解原文作者的写作思路和意图;成为作者本身,对原文进行再创造(rewriting)。

翻译是语言的一个双向过程,若想要成为一名合格的翻译,则要对两种语言进行长期积累。

下面从句、段、篇三个层次对本学期的《翻译理论与实践》学习进行了如下总结:一、单句翻译:本学期开始以单句翻译开始入门,单句翻译的重点是对句子结构进行语义和句法分析,将句子的表层结构转化为深层结构:掌握句子的主谓结构和主次意义,将复杂的长句划分为若干的小句,再进行逐一翻译。

就句子结构而言,分清英语前中心与汉语后中心分布的区别,在译文时进行适当转换;分清从句和主句的修饰关系,划分句子主次。

就词语的词义分析而言,从转换(Conversion)、替代(Substitution)和省略(Omission)等等方面进行分析,如对名词与动词之间的转换;对代词进行名词替代、省略或保留重复等等。

一个句子是由若干词组成,处理好词与句子结构之间的关系是翻译的基础。

二、段落翻译:在句子结构分析的基础上,紧接着是过渡到段落翻译,过渡的关键是理清句与句之间的衔接——句子前后衔接的逻辑关系;明白原文与汉语的语言中心分布不同:英语前中心,汉语后中心——汉语与英语的修饰习惯:将英语的前置修饰语转换为汉语的后置修饰语;注意语言表达的差异性:将英语的抽象表达转化为汉语的具体表达,从而决定对译本是进行直译(Literal Translation)还是意译(Liberal Translation)。

翻译理论与实践曾剑平文化词语的翻译

翻译理论与实践曾剑平文化词语的翻译

文化词语分为文化词(cultural words)和文化含义词(culturally loaded words/phrases)。

文化含义词视其构成和意义特点可以分为三类:(1)切分和归类不同的文化含义词(culturally loaded words/phrases due to different classification),如称谓词语;(2)联想不同的文化含义词(culturally loaded words/phrases due to different association),如猪的联想;(3)语用规范不同的文化含义词(culturally loaded words/phrases due to different cultural norms),如Would you like to have high tea?是邀请你去吃便饭。

文化词的处理法:(1)全式借用(full borrowing),如来字法语的garage, reservoir, detente9缓和)等;(2)半式借用(semi-borrowing),基本保持原状,只是拼写和发音略作改动,如senenade(小夜曲)来自法语的senerade。

(3)音译(transliteration, loan words);(4)半音译(semi-transliteration),如tong oil来自汉语的桐油;(5)仿译(loan translation, calque),合成词或复合词可以采取按构成全部意译的办法借用。

如蜜月来自honeymoon等。

翻译下列句子,注意划线部分的翻译。

1. 有个老李带来个八九岁的小姑娘,因为没有吃的,愿意把姑娘送给人家逃个活命。

二诸葛---就替小二黑收作童养媳。

(Lao Li brought his daughter of about eight or nine years with him. To avoid starvation, he was willing to give the girl to anybody who wanted her. Kong Ming the Second---took her into his house as little Erhei’s future wife.)2.袭人握了自己的嘴,笑的说不出话来,半日才说道:“那是新娶的二奶奶。

翻译理论与实践(全套)精品PPT课件

翻译理论与实践(全套)精品PPT课件

导学——课程要求
Tests: 60% There will be only one test: a final. But there may also be
Main Language points: 1. Comparative studies of language family 2. Comparative studies of word building in English and
Chinese 3. Comparative studies of syllable
Exercise
5
第三章:词语的翻译
教学目的:旨在帮助学生了解词义的多样性 (引申、褒贬);并掌握词语翻译的选词技巧。
教学内容: 1. 词义的选择 2. 词义的引申 3. 词义的褒贬 4. 翻译练习
6
第四章:句子翻译技巧(上)
一、教学目的:要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧,从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。
教学内容: 1. 翻译的定义、分类 2. 翻译的标准 3. 翻译的过程:理解——表达——校对 4. 中、西译史
练习
4
第二章:英汉语言现象对比
Teaching aims: to learn about the similarities and differences of Chinese and English in word forming and vocabulary so as to translate them accurately.
二、教学过程:
1. 增译法 2. 省译法 3. 词类转换 4. 正说反译、反说正译法 5. 翻译练习1、2、3、4
7
第五章:句子翻译技巧(下)
一、教学目的:要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧,从而在汉英翻译时做到通顺、准确。

《翻译理论与实践》课件

《翻译理论与实践》课件
情感色彩的传递
语言中蕴含的情感色彩是语用意义的重要组成部分,译者需要关注原文的情感色彩,并在译文中进行适 当的表达,以实现语用意义的完整传递。
语用等效与翻译策略
语用等效原则
在翻译过程中,译者应遵循语用等效原则,确保译文在目 标语言中产生与原文相同的效果,包括语言功能、语用意 义和修辞效果等方面。
翻译策略的选择
总结词
遵循法律文件的严谨性
详细描述
商务合同的翻译实践需遵循法律文件的严谨性。译者应仔 细核对原文,确保译文的准确性和完整性,避免因疏忽而 产生的法律风险。同时,在遇到法律术语时,译者应进行 深入研究,确保译文的准确性和专业性。
新闻报道的翻译实践
总结词
时效性是新闻报道的生命线
详细描述
新闻报道的翻译实践要求时效性极强,因为新闻报道需要 及时传递给目标语读者。在翻译过程中,译者应快速准确 地完成翻译工作,确保新闻报道的时效性不受影响。
为实现语用等效,译者需要根据具体情况选择合适的翻译 策略,如直译、意译、增译、减译等,以准确传达原文的 语用意义。
语用等效的评价
评价译文是否达到语用等效,需要考虑译文在目标语言中 的可接受度、表达的自然度以及读者反馈等因素,以确保 翻译质量。
05
翻译中的语言规范与风 格
语言规范与翻译
语言规范
在翻译过程中,需要遵循目标语言的语法、词汇和表 达习惯,以确保译文准确、流畅。
VS
异化
以源语文化为归宿,保留原文的异国情调 和文化特色,让译文读者了解不同文化。
增译与减译
增译
在翻译过程中,根据目标语的语言习惯和表达方式,增加一些词语或短语,以使译文更加完整、流畅 。
减译
在翻译过程中,删减原文中一些不必要的词语或短语,使译文更加简洁、明了。

浅谈翻译理论与实践

浅谈翻译理论与实践

浅谈翻译理论与实践当今的世界,是一个开放的世界,各国在政治、经济、文化、体育、教育等各方面交流日益频繁和加深,在各国间的交流中,翻译已成为不可或缺的交际途径,翻译活动越来越频繁。

因此,对于翻译工作者来说,翻译是一项实践性很强的语言活动。

如果只有翻译实践没有翻译理论,那翻译水平就得不到提高。

实践是理论的基础,没有理论指导的实践是无源之水,没有实践证明的理论是无本之木。

这要求我们语言学习者对中西翻译发展的历史阶段有正确、清楚地认识是极为重要的。

本文对中西方翻译历史阶段及其翻译理论做了简洁地概括,旨在能对翻译工作者和翻译专业本专科生起到引导作用,帮助他们入门。

一带一路的战略构想体现了我国对外开放时发生的战略转移。

对外开放和国际上的合作交流都需要语言为桥梁,语言翻译便显得非常重要。

标签:翻译理论;翻译实践活动;中西翻译名家(一)那么人类为何会有翻译这样一种活动呢?在西方社会,人们认为翻译之出现,其重要原因在于人类的巴别塔情节。

《圣经·旧约·创世记》第11章提到,当时人类联合起来兴建希望能通往天堂的高塔;为了阻止人类的计划,上帝让人类说不同的语言,使人类相互之间不能沟通,计划因此失败,人类自此各散东西,建造通天塔的工程,也不得不搁置。

即便如此统一语言,达到沟通无障碍,这也一直是人类的一个夙愿。

获得奥斯卡提名的影片——Babel,(巴别塔)就是讲的贯穿在不同时间,不同地点和不同语言之间的人的故事。

影片的结束语写到”the brightest light in the darkest night”.寓意着即便是在沟通困难重重的环境下,人类还是克服一切阻力来达到信息传递和交流。

在中国,最早的翻译起源于《越人歌》的翻译,相传是中国第一首译诗。

鄂君子皙泛舟河中,打桨的越女爱慕他,用越语唱了一首歌,歌词中唱到“山有木兮木有枝,心悦君兮君不知”鄂君请人用楚语译出,就是这一首美丽的情诗。

有人说鄂君在听懂了这首歌,明白了越女的心之后,就微笑着把她带回去了。

翻译理论与实践(全套)PPT课件

翻译理论与实践(全套)PPT课件
13
导学——课时安排
课时安排:
教学内容
导学
第一章:翻译概述
第二章:英汉语言对比 第三章:词语的翻译
第四章:句子翻译技巧(上) 第五章:句子翻译技巧(下) 第六章:常见文体的翻译
注:可能 因授课实际情况,课时安排会做适当调整。
课时 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
14
导学——学法指导
译者素养:
➢译者的素质: 外语素质 语言敏感度 心理素质
导学——课程要求
Tests: 60% There will be only one test: a final. But there may also be
several short quizzes through the term. Attendance: 20%
Daily attendance will be recorded. Each time a student will get 2.5 points. 1point for attendance, 1 point for being on time, and 0.5 point for participating in discussion and interacting positively with fellow classmates.
二、教学过程:
1. 增译法 2. 省译法 3. 词类转换 4. 正说反译、反说正译法 5. 翻译练习1、2、3、4
7
第五章:句子翻译技巧(下)
一、教学目的:要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧,从而在汉英翻译时做到通顺、准确。
二、教学过程:
1. 重译法 2. 语态变换法 3. 词序调整法 4. 拆译法 5. 翻译练习1、2、3、4
We should take considerable ( or a good portion of ) responsibility for the problems that arouse. 19

翻译理论与实践(TranslationtheoryandPractice)

翻译理论与实践(TranslationtheoryandPractice)

翻译理论与实践(Translation theory and Practice)This paper consists of the 8888 contributionPpt documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.Translation theory and PracticeI., What, is, translation, II., Is, it, to, translate, easy, III.,, Can, all, the, translated, words, be?I., What, is, translation?1, the definition of translation? 2, translation is to translate the text or? E.g.1:, My, sister, went, to, school, at, 7., e.g.2:, have you eaten? Where to? E.g.3: you're beautiful today! -- where?!II., Is, it, easy, to, translate?Henchman? Go back to man in the? The? Street? Crow s feet a hen party '? Fog lock hill mountain fog water disappears in the sky with rain window, two East West three point cut to carve up the piece, seven horizontal eight vertical knife knife toward the sea towards towards falling towards long clouds long long.III., Can, all, the, words, be, translated?According to the nephew lanterns (old uncle)? East sunrise rain, is (clear) the situation is a (clear)? --The professor shouted:Gentlemen, order --The entire class yelled:! "" Beer! "--Why is the river very? Rich? --Because it has two banks.You can cage a swallow, but you can t swallow a "cage. --The secret is going to? Be exposed, and we ll look pretty silly. --You" already look pretty and silly. bathing on bikini? Girl, eyeing, boy, finds boy eyeing bikini on bathing girl.Chapter 1The definition of translation, the purpose of translation, the type of translation, the standard of translation, the process of translation, the conditions for translationDefinition of translationTranslation is the practice of language in which the content of another language is re expressed in one language. Feng Qinghua? Translation is a kind of language (i.e., primitive) information in another language (the target language) express, so that the readers can get the original thoughts expressed by the author, are roughly the same as the original readers feel. - Fan Zhongying, translation is the translator's re understanding of the same thing and the use of another text. - Qiao HaiqingDefinition of translationTranslation is "an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language Translation is." Jakobson? "The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) byequivalent textual material in another language (TL). Catford Translation is the replacement of? A representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. HudsonThe purpose of translationA bridge of communication and communication between different languages and cultures.Types of translationIntra language translation (intralingual translation) an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language (interlingual translation) translation? An interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language? Intersemiotic translation (intersemiotic translation) an interpretation of verbal signs by means of nonverbal signs systemChinese translation theoriesYan Fu: Xindaya translation - Three: xindaya. It is hard to ask for a letter. Take care of the letter and fail to reach it,Even if you do not translate it, you will also interpret it. ? Lu Xun: faith, Shun - a course to make it easy, one is to preserve the original charm. / / faith rather than fluency? Qu Qiubai: the notion of equivalence translation should be the original intention, exactly China introduced to readers, make readers get China concept concept equal to other language from the textto the reader. Contradiction: to reproduce the artistic conception the highest task of literary translation is to reproduce the artistic conception so that the target readers can enjoy the beauty as much as the original.Chinese translation theoriesLiu Zhongde: letter, reach, cut letter: believe in content: as long as it is cut: to adapt to style, Zhang today: true, good, beautiful, truth: truth, principle, good: ideological principles: Beauty: artistic principlesForeign translation theoriesTytler: 1. The translation should the same effect on give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. style and manner of 2. The writing should be of the same character as that of the original. translation should have all 3. The the ease of the original composition.Federov: on Translation should produce a translation version which may be read with as much pleasure as the original, and yet remain faithful to its spirit, sense and style. Nida: dynamic equivalence theory readers get responses, and feelings with the original readers read the original income roughly equal. Newmark: text centered theoryProcess of translationIt is generally believed that the original text is understood expression Nida: original text testAnalytical translationTarget textRestructureFour steps: analysis, translation, reconstruction, testTranslation, from, English, to, Chinese:1., The, days, run, into, weeks., the days go by, for a few weeks.2. It, s, all, Greek, to, me., the translation condition, I do not understand at all. Mandarin Chinese is better than3. Mary has? A clever tongue. Marie (glib glib). English language ability is better than4., You, can, never, tell., wide knowledge, no one can say.5., My, memory, failed, me, at, that, moment., I can't remember that moment.6., Your, name, obstinately, escapes, me., I can't remember your name.7., To, think, that, you, should, fail., I don't think you will fail. 8., Would, it, were, otherwise, if that's not the case. There was more mischief than harm in him. he is only mischievous, and no harm. 10., I, never, go, past, my, old, school, but,, think, of, our, headmaster.. Every time I pass my alma mater, I remember our headmaster. 11., The, book, is, beyond, me., I can't read this book. 12., There, is, nothing, like, leather, for, shoes., leather shoes are great. 13., It, is, too, recent, to, be, forgotten., fresh in memory.14., The, mountain, is, not, valuable, because, it, is, high.,mountain is precious, not at its height. The "This is the last place I where expected to meet you." did not expect to meet you here. 16., He, is, nothing, if, not, stubborn., he's a stubborn man. 17., I, was, not, a, little, surprised., I was shocked.18., He, can, do, it, if, any, one, can., only he can do it.19. You cannot make something out of nothing. one can't make bricks without straw. 20., I, can, t, bear, the, sight,, of, that, man.I can't stand seeing that man.Similar sentences1. He had made a box., he has made a box. He had a box made., he told people to make a box.2. Foolishly he spoke. he was so foolish to speak. He spoke foolishly. he talks very stupid.3. Quite properly he was punished. he deserved to be punished. He was punished quite properly., he was properly punished.4., We, asked, him, to, speak, from, his, experience., we ask him to talk about it based on his experience. We asked him to speak about his experiences. we asked him to talk about his experience.Similar sentences5. He is behind time. he's late. He, is, behind, the, times., he's behind the times.6. His success is out of question. his success is beyond doubt. His, success, is, out, of, the, question, he's never going to be successful.7., They, went, to, sea., they're going to besailors. They, went, to, the, sea., they went to the beach. 8., It, has, been, raining, continually, for, two, days., rain, intermittent two days. It has, been, raining, continuously, for,, two, days rain continued for two days.Similar sentences9., He, has, no, more, than, ten, books., he has only ten books. He has not more than ten books., he has ten books at most.He is not a little afraid of it. he was very scared. He is not a bit afraid of it., he is not afraid at all. 11., I, didn, t, go, because, I, was, afraid., I am not afraid to go. I, didn, t, go, because, I, to., was, afraid, I did not go, because I dare not go. 12. She kept the house., she watches over the house. She kept house. her home.Similar sentences13., This, is, no, place, for, me, to, go., this is not whereI should go. There, is, no, place, for, me, to, go, I have nowhere to go. 14. I, had, a, good, talk, to, him, yesterday., I gave him a good dressing down yesterday. I had a good talk with him yesterday. I had a really good time talking to him yesterday. 15., Tom, escaped, prison., Tom escaped the jail. Tom, escaped, from, prison., Tom, jailbreak. 16., Is, there, any, difficulty, in, this? Do you have any difficulty with this? Is, there, some, difficulty, in, this? It's a bit difficult, isn't it?Similar sentencesWe are sure that man is mortal. we are sure that man will always die. We, are, sure, that, man, is, dead., we are sure the man is dead. 18., We, hired, the, boat, by, the, hour.. We ship by hour. We hired, the, boat, for, an, hour., we rented an hour boat.Similar sentences19., I, did, not, notice, him., I didn't notice him. I, took, no, notice, of, him., I don't care about him. 20., Happily, he, did, not, die., thankfully he did not die. He did not die happily., he died uneasy.The second chapter is semantic translationFirst, the choice of meaning in the understanding of polysemy (polysemy)The translation of runRun, a, car, run, shop, run, oil, run, message, a, fever, run, a, computer, run, run, a, meeting, run,, chickens, run, a, arms, advertisement, run, anHead translation10. He arranged his speech under five heads. his speech is divided into five parts. 11., We, have, thirty, head, of, cattle.We have thirty cows. 12., Heads, or, tails? Heads or tails? 13., Where, is, the, head? Where is the toilet?The translation of head:1. head of the English Department, director of the English Department of2. head of the government head of the bed, head of government3.4. head of the staircase a of the needle at the top of the stairs5. head6. He was badly wounded in a the head. he was badly wounded in the head.7. He has a good head for maths. he has a lot of mathematical talent.8., You, should, use, your, head., you should use your head.9. The, dinner, cost, US, five, dollars, a, head., the meal cost us 5 yuan each.The translation of I. poor:1. The, cloth, is, poor, in, quality., this cloth is of poor quality.2. The, water, is, poor, in, oxygen., this water is anoxic.3. Her first concert had a poor audience., her first concert, with very few listeners.4. This, to, her, was, a, poor, consolation., this comfort does not work for her.5. In my poor opinion, you should let her go. in my humble opinion, you should let her go. Boat. She was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on on getting the she has seasickness problems, so always go to bed on board.The translation of II. runThe He will not be running in the next election., he is not ready to run for the next election. 2., The, train, is, not, running, today., that train is off today. 3. The film began to run. filmat the. 4. His face was running with sweat. he Sweat streamed down the face. 5., It, was, such, a, ran., hot, day, that, the, butter, the weather was so hot that the butter melted. 6., The, road, runs, north., this road extends north. The "The rumor runs that he is going to resign." is rumoured that he is going to resign. 8., The, monsoon, had, six, weeks, more, to, run., the rainy season will last six weeks.The translation of II. run9., The, car, repair, will, run, you, at, least, two, hundred., repair, at least you spend two hundred yuan. 10. The play ran for only a week in that theatre.. The play was only staged for a week in that theater. 11., Potatoes, are, running, large, this, year., potatoes grow a lot this year. 12., A, freezer, doesn, run., t, cost, much, to, the use of the refrigerator is not very expensive.The translation of III. liveShe needs to find somewhere to live. she needs to find a place to live. 2., Where, do, these, plates, live? Where are these dishes? 3., Spiders, can, live, for, several, days, without, food., spiders can live without food for a few days. 4., We, saw, a, real, rattlesnake, live! We saw a live rattlesnake.The translation of III. live5. The club has live music most nights., the club has live music most nights.6. The show is going on live., the show is being broadcast live.7., Pollution, is, still, very, much, a, live,issue. pollution is still a very interesting issue at the moment.8., This, is, a, live, and, interesting, book., this is a lively and interesting book.The translation of IV. like1., He, likes, mathematics, more, physics., than, he prefers mathematics to physics.2., Bananas, don, t, like, me., I ate a banana and my stomach was upset. (bananas do not fit my stomach.) Three它的味道像芒果。

“翻译理论与实践”精品课程建设探索

“翻译理论与实践”精品课程建设探索

“翻译理论与实践”精品课程建设探索曾剑平;刘忠【摘要】对教学内容、教学手段、教学方法、教学评价以及翻译学科精品课程建设的规律等方面进行了系统研究和探索,为其他精品课程建设提供参考.【期刊名称】《新余学院学报》【年(卷),期】2011(016)005【总页数】3页(P114-116)【关键词】翻译理论与实践;精品课程;教学改革【作者】曾剑平;刘忠【作者单位】江西财经大学外国语学院,江西南昌330013;江西财经大学外国语学院,江西南昌330013【正文语种】中文【中图分类】G642.3课程建设是高校教学建设的中心工作之一,也是保证人才培养目标实现的重要举措,其水平直接影响着高校的教学水平和人才培养质量。

大学精品课程建设本着“开放和共享”的精神,旨在建设一批集合一流教师队伍、一流教学内容、一流教学方法、一流教材、一流教学管理等特点的示范性课程,为全面提高高等教育教学质量,培养一大批创新人才提供强有力的智力和技术支持。

[1]它在教学观念上,强调把握内涵、准确定位;在课程内容上,强调精选、优化与整合;在教学方法上,突出知识传授与能力培养并重的原则,强调探索基于网络教学的改革方法。

[2]我校(江西财经大学)的“翻译理论与实践”是江西省精品课程。

自2006年立项以来,我们对教学内容、教学手段、教学方法、教学评价以及翻译学科精品课程建设的规律等方面进行了系统研究和探索。

教学内容主要来源于教材。

现有的翻译教材虽然种类繁多,流派纷呈,但可供教学之用的实用教材并不多见。

有的教材重实践而轻理论;有的重理论而轻实践;有的重文学内容而轻其他文体内容,等等。

总之,如果取任何一套教材作为教学内容,都是不全面的。

为此,我们从多种翻译教材中精选、整合教学内容,增强实用性、广泛性和趣味性。

首先,系统整合翻译理论常识。

翻译理论常识是翻译课程必须掌握的知识,包括翻译概念、翻译种类、翻译本质、翻译标准、可译性和不可译性、翻译的过程、翻译技巧等。

汉英翻译理论与实践

汉英翻译理论与实践

• 音译是翻译的一种方法。目前采用音译主要是人名、地名、 产品名等。 • 由于两种语言的发音系统不一样,音译取得百分之百的相 同是不可能的。汉语的四声无法区分,英语名字不可能每 个音节都一出来,常有删节。为求译名统一,一般可使用 英汉译音表或参考译名词典,统一译名。
• 高度重视语音和节奏对比的问题 • 英汉语音差异造成的问题常是译者在处理音译和 处理音韵和节奏时要注意的。
(Time Order 时间先后)
他人老心 不老。
Although he has aged physically, he remains young at heart.
(Concession 让步)
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
(隐性连贯) Paratactic
2
主要翻译阅读书目:
1、英汉语比较与对比 【1】《英汉语言对比与翻译》.王武兴. 北京:北京大学出版社,2003. 【2】《英汉语比较导论》. 魏志成. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2003. 【3】《英汉语言对比研究》.何善芬. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 【4】《英汉比较研究与翻译》. 萧立明. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 【5】《中式英语之鉴》 [美] 平卡姆 著 姜桂华 校.外语教学与研究出版社 【6】《英汉对比研究》. 连淑能. 北京:高等教育出版社, 1993. 2、翻译理论 【7】《西方翻译理论精选》. 申雨平. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002. 【8】《翻译学》. 谭载喜. 武汉:湖北教育出版社, 2000. 【9】《当代翻译理论》. 刘宓庆. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1999. 【10】《文体与翻译》(增订版). 刘宓庆. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1998. 【11】《翻译学:艺术论与科学论的统一》. 黄振定. 长沙:湖南教育出版社, 1998. 【12】《翻译文化史论》. 王克非. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1997. 3、翻译实践 【13】《英汉翻译手册》. 倜 西、董乐山. 北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司, 2002. 【14】《中国时尚热点新词速译》. 朱诗向. 北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社, 2002. 【15】《英文汉译技巧》. 陈廷祐. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2001. 【16】《实用英语翻译技巧》. 吴伟雄、方凡泉. 昆明:云南人民出版社, 1997. 【17】《英美名著翻译比较》. 喻云根. 武汉:湖北教育出版社, 1996. 【18】《实用英汉翻译技巧》. 张鸾铃. 广州:广东高等教育出版社, 1996. 3

翻译理论与实践

翻译理论与实践

普陀山 ภูเขาผูโถ 大明山 ภูเขาตาหมิง
ภูเขาหวงซาน 衡山 ภูเขาเหิงซาน 起凤山 ภูเขาฉี่เฟงซาน
黄山
但象一些山峰因其形状象某种物品或动物而得名的。 翻译时应意译,可保持其名字的形象性,如:象鼻山 ภูเขางวงชาง、驼峰山ภูเขาอูฐ等。 另外,一些较著名的误译一直以来使用得比较普遍, 已被人广泛接受,可做保留。 例如:แมน้ําเจาพระยา 湄南河
โจง หายชิง เหอ หลงฉวิน หรง เปนเจิ้น
泰译汉 1、一般采用音译,翻译时按《汉泰对译表》尽 量实行一个泰语音节用一个汉字的对译原则。 2、复合辅音一般以第一辅音拼写的单辅音音节 为准。如:คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช 克立·巴莫,เปรม ติณสุลานนท炳·廷素拉暖 3、汉语中没有长短元音的区别,泰语的短元音 音节译成汉语时有时可以用入声字来译。
4、泰语中有闭音节,汉语没有,所以翻译时 应尽量使用入声汉字对译。 5、尽量使用常用字,避免使用生僻字。例如: มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ 希那卡磷大学, 磷 可译为诗那卡琳大学。 6、尽量避免使用不雅的、含贬义的字及可能 产生歧义的字。例如:ชวลิต ยงใจยุทธ操哇 立·永猜裕,可译为差瓦利·永猜裕
►人名的翻译
汉译泰 一般采用音译,以普通话音为准。汉 语大部分字的音在泰语中基本上都能找到 对应的音,因此翻译的时候直接把汉字的 音用泰音拼写出来即可。尽量实行一字对 一音的原则。译成泰语后还是按照姓前名 后的顺序书写,姓和名之间用空格隔开。 如:“周恩来”译为“โจว เอินหลา为一般商品名都有意义,且简单明了,所以尽量意译。 但因现在泰国商品多用外文商标,所以对于外文商标可音译。

翻译理论与实践的关系

翻译理论与实践的关系

翻译理论与实践的关系作者:夏甜来源:《校园英语》 2019年第31期【摘要】“世界大同,天下一家”的梦想是人类心中始终不灭的明灯。

改革开放、一带一路,世界各国人民正在为构建人类命运共同体而努力,沟通与协作是我们努力的方向,而翻译理论与实践正是保证这种沟通与协作关系持续下去之桥梁。

本文将结合翻译理论的内容,阐述与剖析其与实践之间错综复杂的关系。

【关键词】翻译理论;实践;关系【作者简介】夏甜,对外经济贸易大学英语学院在职人员高级课程研修班学员。

一、翻译理论与实践的发展我国翻译起于东汉至宋代的佛经翻译,那个时期的翻译可理解为“直译”,更形象的可理解为“死译”,直到支谦突破“直译”的界限,将文学艺术融入翻译当中,再到后来的鸠摩罗什才慢慢开始提倡“意译”。

五四运动后,我国的翻译学掀开了新的篇章,从此踏上了现代翻译的漫长征程,人们逐渐开始注重翻译理论与翻译实践的结合。

翻译理论在我国学者们和爱好者们无数次碰壁与日夜探究中不断发展,不断完善并逐渐形成教学体系。

随着改革开放的深入,翻译活动已不仅仅是一种学习与交流的基本工具,历史和时代的发展赋予了它更加重要的地位与使命。

翻译活动为我国乃至全球的沟通发展,互动交流作出了不可磨灭的贡献。

当然,在我国仍然缺乏高度统一且被大众所认可的翻译理论体系译学,有些专家、学者一味讲究翻译的深度、全度,忽视了现代翻译的目的和意义。

二、翻译理论与实践的关系高水平的翻译从来不是一蹴而就,让目标语读者像听到、看到母语般的译文,获得源语表达者真正想阐述的目的和信息才是翻译最终的意义所在。

这一切需要翻译理论、技巧以及方法的支持与约束,也需要实践活动提供的“养分”,使翻译内容变得饱满、贴切,使其成为连接源语者与读者、听者之间的纽带。

1.翻译理论与实践的主导关系。

辞海一书里对翻译理论给予的解释是:翻译理论出现的一个主要意义就是其可以对人们自身行为进行指导。

理论是概念以及原理上的主要体系;是相对系统化的理性认知。

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1、词语的意义:(1)指称意义:是语言符号和它所描绘或叙述的主观世界或客观世界的实体和事件之间的关系。

指称意义和字面意义(literal meaning)虽然在大部分情况下是重合的,却是两个不同角度去看的两个不同概念。

字面意义是单个词语最先在语言使用者脑中唤起的概念或形象。

如Indian meal(指称意义指“玉米粥”,字面意义是“印第安饭”)和Indian summer (指称意义指“小阳春”,字面意义是“印第安夏天”)。

类似的有American Beauty(月月红)和German wool(细毛线)。

(2)言内意义:是语言符号之间的关系,包括传统语义学的系统意义(即词在特定语言词汇结构系统中的地位,即词的值)。

言内意义可以从音系意义,语法意义和词汇意义上考虑。

(3)语用意义:包括表征意义、表达意义、社交意义、祈使意义和联想意义等。

2、翻译下面划线部分的词语(1)我因坎坷一生碌碌无为而遗憾。

(I regret few achievements in a troubled(不安的,忧虑的,动乱的)life.)(2)龙船节,是黔东南清水江上苗族人民最盛大的节日。

节日里,聚会的苗族同胞,每年有三四万。

(The Dragon-Boat Festival is the most important celebration(庆祝,庆祝会)of the Miao people, who live along the Qingshui River in southeastern Guizhou Province. Every year between 30000 and 40000 Miao participate in the festivities(节日,节日活动).)(3)吃、穿、住、行、用等各方面的工业品,包括彩电、冰箱、洗衣机,都大幅度增长。

(Production of processed food, clothing, housing, transportation and commodities for daily use, including major appliances such as colour TV sets, refrigerators and wahing machines, increased by a wide margin.)(4)全部成品出厂前必须在实验室里进行检验,严格把关,一丝不苟。

(All products must be inspected strictly and scrupulously in the lab of the factory before delivery.)(5)我记得那时我的打扮挺滑稽的,穿着蓝布大褂、小坎肩,戴瓜皮小帽。

(I still remember how funny I looked the way I was dressed---in a blue cloth gown(长袍,长外衣)with a short sleeveless jacket over it and a skull cap (室内便帽)on the head.)(6)他听傅芳把共产党说成神出鬼没似的,便觉得非常有趣。

(He was immediately tickled (逗乐,使高兴,觉得痒)by Fufang’s account of elusive,(躲避的,难以理解的)will-o’-the-wisp (鬼火,磷火,捉摸不定的东西)communists.)(7)对于我们的这样发展中的大国来说,经济要发展得快一点,不可能总是那么平平静静、稳稳当当。

(For a major developing nation like China, it is impossible to attain a slightly faster economic growth always at such a calm and smooth pace.)(8)南京,她有层出不穷的风流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。

大都会特有的凝聚力,吸引了无数风云人物、仁人志士在这里角逐争雄、一逞英豪。

(Nanjing has witnessed the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and noble hearts as well as monumental achievements that shone through the ages. Attracted by her special appeals, 9感染力,号召力)a great number of powerful figures and people actuated by high ideas have stayed in or frequented this metropolis to contend for the lead (主角,榜样)or to give play to their genius and virtues.)(9)黄色的花淡雅,白色的花高洁,紫色的花热烈而深沉。

泼泼洒洒,秋风中正开得烂漫。

(The yellow ones were simple and elegant; the white ones, pure and noble; and the purple ones, warm and deep; all were in full bloom, dancing in the autumn breeze.)(10)在四川,有一美妙去处。

它背依岷山主峰雪宝顶,树木苍翠,花香袭人,鸟声婉转,流水潺潺。

名胜古迹荟萃,这就是松潘县的黄龙。

(One of Sichuan’s finest scenic spots is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountains. Its lush(茂盛的,葱翠的) green forests, filled with fragrant flowers,bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.)(11)西湖如明镜,千峰凝翠,洞壑幽深,风光奇丽。

(The West Lake is like a mirror embellished all around with green hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty.)(12)他笔下的翎毛花卉,墨彩交融,无不栩栩如生,具有强烈的感染力。

(His resplendent (灿烂的,辉煌的,华丽的)flower-and-bird paintings, executed with easy command of the brush, are noted for their elegant fine lines and delicate colours blended with splash-ink in perfect harmony.)(13)没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。

人,得天天有点什么盼头,生活才不至于暗淡。

(A day without hope would be unimaginably pale. There must be something to look forward to each day to brighten one’s life and keep it out of shadows.)(14)跑了不知多少趟,总算有眉目了,又得往这一处签字,那一处盖章,看种种脸色,候种种传唤,为的是得一份充分的证明,可以去换张票子。

(After making you don’t know how many visits, there eventually appear signs of a positive outcome. Then you have to go here and there to get a signature or a seal, meet with all sorts of cold reception and wait for all sorts of summonses(召唤,命令)-----all for the purposes of obtaining a useful certificate to buy a ticket with.)(15)就四川的名山秀水而论,总是有他们各自的独特风格和个性。

如峨嵋山的“秀”,青城山的“幽”,剑门山的“险”,夔门的“雄”。

(Sichuan Province is rich in scenic wonders, each with its own distinctive features-----the elegance of Mount Emei, the serenity of Mount Qingcheng, the sharp precipice(悬崖,峭壁)of Jiamen Pass, and the grandeur of Kuimen.)(16)打得赢就打,打不赢就走。

(Fifht when you can win, move away when you cannot win.) (17)这小子干活真冲。

(This young fellow does his work with vim(活力,精力)and vigor. be full of vim and vigor精力充沛)(18)(大家快走啊,前面是无锡胜景之一,)先睹为快啊!(The sooner you see, the happier you will be!)(19)抱着书生之见,我决定坐木船。

(It was with this impractical view that I decided to take a wooden boat.)(20)他把事情一五一十都给父母讲了。

(True to type he told his parents the whole story.)(true to type典型的(地),合乎本性的(地),与原样相同的)(21)我的邻居是一位六十多岁的老太太,隔三差五,到街头饭馆改善一次生活。

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