4.词的理解与翻译

改错： That is the bedroom that I shared with Tom. 那是我和汤姆分享的卧室。 那是我和汤姆的卧室。 The friendship Nancy and I is one of the legacies of my government service. 我和南希的友谊是我为政府服务的遗产之一。 我和南希的友谊是当年我为政府服务的收获之一。 Because of this explosive progress, today’s machines are millions of times more powerful than their crude ancestors. 有了这种爆炸性的进步，今天的机器比原始时期的机 器不知强了好几百万倍。 有了这种突飞猛进的进步，今天的机器比原始时期的 机器强了好几百万倍。
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
词义的选择、引申和褒贬 英汉词语词义对 词义的选择、引申和褒贬(英汉词语词义对 应情况) 应情况 一、词义的选择 Since of polysemics both in Chinese and English, we can choose and define the meaning of words from the following two aspects:
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
(B) 将词义作具体化的引申 英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示 一种具体事物,译成汉语时一般可作具体化引 申。例如: The stars twinkled in transparent clarity. 星星在清澈的晴空 晴空中闪烁。 晴空 Vietnam was his entrée to the new Administration. 越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖 敲门砖。 敲门砖
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
再以round为例： The earth rounds the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转动。（动词：绕行） The exciting news was soon carried round. 激动人心的消息很快就到处传遍了。（副词：到处） The round waveguide as the transmission medium presents us with an opportunity to design a communication system of enormous capacity. 以圆波导作传输介质使我们有可能设计出容量极大的通 信系统。 （形容词：圆形的）
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation He likes Chinese more than English. 他喜欢汉语胜过喜欢英语。(动词) In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里,细细的尘埃象金子一 般在闪闪发亮。(介词) Like knows like. 英雄识英雄。(名词)
Poor: In my poor opinion, you should let her go. 以鄙人浅见，你应该放她走。 She took me in her cabin and told me that she was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat. 她把我带到她房间里并告诉我说，她有晕船的毛病， 所以总是一上船就睡觉。 The Department of Justice was reluctant to bring poor cases into court. 司法部不愿意把没有把握大赢的官司那到法庭上去。 Carter is a poor loser. 卡特是一个输了会发脾气的人。
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
When I go around on speaking engagements, they all expect me to assume a Quaker-Oats look. 我应邀外出演讲时，他们都指望我摆出一付 毫无表情、一本正经的面孔。（ QuakerOats 是欧美一种有名的麦片的商标，商标 中的老头模样毫无表情。）
源自文库
Techniques and Sillks in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴,又狡猾。 See - sawing between partly good and faintly ominous（unlucky） ,the news for the next four weeks was never distinct . 在那以后的四个星期内,消息时而部分地有所好 转,时而又有点不妙,两种情况不断地交替出现,一 直没有明朗化。
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
再以severe为例（基本词义是：严格的、严重的）： severe weather 凛烈的天气 severe pain 剧痛 severe looks 严肃的神色 severe test 严峻的考验 severe winter 严冬 severe wound 重伤
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
Man for the field and woman for the hearth; Man for the sword and for needle she; Man with the head and woman with the heart; Man to command and woman to obey. ——Tennyson. 男人适于农耕 女人适于家务 农耕, 家务; 农耕 家务 男人宜于征战 女人宜于缝纫 征战, 缝纫; 征战 缝纫 男人善于深思 女人富于感情 深思, 感情; 深思 感情 男人发号施令, 女人惟有服从。 ——坦尼森
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
In the first round our football team has had three wins and one defeat. 在第一轮中我们的足球队三胜一负。（名词：轮 ，回合） When direct current flows through a coil, a magnetic field will be built up round the coil. 当直流电流通过线圈，线圈周围就形成一个磁场 .(前置词:在周围)
Technics and Skills in EnglishEnglishChinese Translation
severe reasoning 严密的推理 severe problem 严重的问题 severe tolerance 严格的容限 severe style 简练的文风 severe temperature 剧烈变化的温度 severe propagation 恶劣的传播条件
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
I will do everything within my power to assist you. 我愿意尽我的全力来帮助你。（能力） Basically, all power is with the people. 归根到底一切权力属于人民。（权力） Political power grows out of the barrel of gun. 枪杆子里面出政权。（政权） China has a few nuclear weapons, but she will never join the so-called club of nuclear powers. 中国有了一点核武器，但中国决不参加所谓核大国的俱 乐部。（大国）
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
With the development of electrical engineering, power can be transmitted over a long distance. 随着电气工程的发展，电力能输送到非常远的距 离。（电力） The surfaces of ceramics must be checked by examining it under a 20 power binocular microscope. 陶瓷表面必须用20倍的双筒显微镜加以检验。 （倍）
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
二、词义的引申 英译汉时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当 的词义,如任意硬译或逐词死译,会使译文生硬晦涩,不能 确切表达原意,甚至造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和 逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引申,选择 比较恰当的汉词来表达。现举例说明如下: (A) 将词义作抽象化的引申 英语中,特别在现代英语中,常常用一个表示具体形象的 词来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。翻译这类词 时,一般可将其词义作抽象化的引申,译文才能流畅、自 然。
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation (A)根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词 根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词 义 First judge the word-class of the word in English, then make sure its meaning. E.g. Like charges repel ; unlike charges attract. like : adj, “相同的” 相同的电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸。
Techniques and Skills in EnglishEnglish-Chinese Translation
(B) 根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系 来选择和确定词义 The same word may have different meaning in different language situation, so we can judge its meaning according to context and the rule of collocation in English. E.g. power，n. 在日常用语中就分别具有“能 力、权力、政权、国家”等词义；在科技文献中 就常有“功率、电源、电力“等词义，翻译时就 必须分别情况加以处理。