book4unit2workingtheland知识点与语法

Unit 2 Working the land
二、课文要点
1、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案。

1. What does the word “battle” refer to i n the second paragraph
A. The low rice output.
B. Ridding the world of hunger.
C. Fighting against farming.
D. The freedom to do research
2. Yuan Longping likes to be called a farmer for _____________.
A. he used the land as the resources for his research
B. his appearance is like that of a farmer’s
C. he struggled for the farmers
D. he was born into a farmer’s family
3. Why is Dr Yuan now circulating his knowledge in other countries
A. To teach them to use tools.
B. To earn more money.
C. To be famous.
D. To increase their rice harvests.
4. What is mainly about
A. The present situation of Yuan Longping.
B. A brief introduction of his background.
C. His achievements.
D. Both B and C.
5. It can be inferred from the text that_________.
A. Yuan know the importance of rice export
B. Yuan is interested in playing the violin
C. Yuan is proud of his achievements
D. Yuan’s rice is grown in many countries
3、根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Dr Yuan Longping is a pioneer of agriculture in China. He (1)__________ from Southwest Agricultural College in then he devoted his life to (2)_________ways to grow more rice and succeeded. The rice farmers are now producing harvests twice (3)____________large as before by growing his super hybrid rice. (4)________ he was not satisfied with his work.(5)_________ now he leads a rich life, he still insists on (6)________ work to develop his rice. His work is really important to the world. Because of his hard work, the production of food has been (7)________．And the problem of (8)________ can be solved. Thanks (9)______Yuan Longping's great work, millions of people can benefit (10)________ his extraordinary work.
重点词汇
1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
[典例] They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。

He has been struggling with/against illness for many years. 他已与疾病斗争了许多年了。

[词语归纳]
struggle for 为……而斗争struggle with / against与……作斗争
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。

1). They are ___________ _______ (为……而斗争) the position
2). They struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the Japanese. (介词)
3). The fox struggled ________ (escape).
2. search for 寻找
[词语归纳] in search of = looking for
We are searching for the missing boy. 我们正在寻找那个丢失了的男孩。

3. expand vt&vi 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n.扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展
[典例] He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考虑扩展他的生意。

The eagle expanded its wings. 雄鹰展翅。

辨析：expand，extend，enlarge
(1)expand可以指尺码、数量、面积、体积等的扩大、增加，也可以指重要性的增强。

(2)extend 着重指长度的延伸，也可以指面积、范围的扩大，还可以用于表示世间的延长。

(3)enlarge意为扩大、放大，主要指体积、范围的扩大，一般用作及物动词。

运用用expand, extend, enlarge 的适当形式填空
①In ten years the city's population ___________ by 12%.
②Metals __________ when they are heated.
③Can you have these photos ________ for me
④The tourist season ________ from May to October.
4、thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
thanks to 是介词短语，只能作状语，多用于褒义，也可用于讽刺口吻中，引导的介词短语可置于句首或句末。

如：
Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，我们获得了比预期更大的成功。

拓展(1)because of 意为“因为；由于”，多用于表示直接原因，通常只作状语，不作表语。

后面可接名词、代词、分词等。

(2)due to 意为“由于；归因于”，可作表语和状语，不可位于句首。

(3)owing to 意为“由于”，可作状语和表语。

作状语时修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末，
用逗号将其和句子其他部分隔开。

运用用thanks to, because of, owing to, due to 填空
①This accident was ________________ the driver's carelessness.
②They decided to postpone the trip, _____________ the change of the weather.
③________________ your advice, much trouble was saved.
④He got angry ________________ what she said.
5．rid...of 摆脱；除去
典例I want to rid the room of dirt.我想除去房间的灰尘。

拓展get rid of 免除；摆脱rob sth.抢劫某人某物
remind sth.提醒某人某事
运用完成句子
①You should ______________ (使自己摆脱) that bad habit.
②You are supposed to _______________ (摆脱) carelessness.
③Please ________________ ( 提醒我一下) the date at this time tomorrow.
6．be satisfied with 对……感到满意
典例Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他都对结果很满意。

拓展be pleased/content with 对……感到满意/满足satisfaction n．满意to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是
运用完成句子
①I _____________________________ ( 对……不满意) the present situation.
②________________ (令我们满意的是), he won the race.
7．would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
典例She would rather go by car. 她宁愿坐汽车去。

拓展would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事
would rather＋that-clause 宁愿……(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用did/had done)
运用用所给单词的适当形式填空
①We would rather you ________ (stay) with us tonight.
②I would rather ________ (go) there alone.
③He would rather ________ (play) basketball than ________(listen) to music.
④I would rather you _____________ (attend) the meeting yesterday.
⑤He said he would rather __________ (not do) it right now.
8.therefore adv. “因此，所以”，副词，常和and搭配连接句子。

正式用语，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精密的推论中，特用以表示严密的推理。

典例I was ill, and therefore I couldn’t come.我当时病了，因此没能来
9. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
[典例] A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。

[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物
equip ...在……上装备某物to be specially equipped 装备独特
to be well equipped 装备精良equip ...使某人具有……
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。

1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.
2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.
3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.
4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.
10.confuse 动词, 表示“把(某人)弄糊涂; 使迷惑”。

confusion n.混乱; 慌乱; 混淆
[典例] He was confused by a strange idea. 他被奇怪的念头弄糊涂了。

拓展be/ get confused with 对……感到困惑confuse with 混淆……
confusing和confused辨析: 这两个词都是由confuse转化而来的形容词。

confusing意思是“莫名其妙的; 难以理解的强调事物本身所具有的性质;
confused意思是“糊涂的; 迷乱的”, 强调人对某事物的感受。

运用完成句子
①The police ______________(对……感到困惑) the case after they heard what he said.
11. regret 动词, 意为“为……感到遗憾; 后悔; 惋惜”。

[典例] I didn’t regr et the choice I had made. 我做了这个选择并不后悔。

【拓展】1) regret还可用作名词, 意为“遗憾; 后悔”。

I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我对这样浪费光阴深感懊悔。

2) regret to do sth 表示“遗憾地要……”，后面的动词常是say, tell, speak, inform等;
regret doing sth 表示“后悔做过……”; to one’s regret 令人遗憾的是
运用I_________________（遗憾地说）you are fired by the company.
12. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
[典例] You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。

[练习] 翻译填空。

1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.
2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.
3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.
Keys: 1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up
13. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往
[典例] This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。

[短语归纳] lead短语：
lead sb. to 把某人带到lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事
[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。

1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War.
2). What led him ________ (kill) his wife
3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.
4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.
5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.
6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research.
7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success.
8). The driver’s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.
14. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害
[典例] We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。

[练习] 根据句子意思填空。

1). We’ ve managed to ________ the garden ________ ________weeds this year.
2). Relaxation exercises can ________ your body ________ ________ tension.
重点句子
1．Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。

解析“what is called super hybrid rice”是what 引导的宾语从句，作grows 的宾语，what 在从句中作主语。

引导词what 在此句中相当于“the ＋n. ＋that” 结构。

本句可改为“Dr Yuan Longping grows the rice t hat is called super hybrid rice.”。

运用完成句子
①At last, they reached _____________________________(被称为美洲大陆的新地方)．
＝At last, they reached ________________________ the New America.
②He graduated from ________________________________(一所所谓的重点高中)．
＝He graduated from _________________________ a key one.
2、what was called a key high school=the high school that was called
2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same
fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。

[解释] 本句包含“make it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式”结构，it 作形式宾语，动词不定式才是真正的宾语，有时真正的宾语还可以是从句。

可用于此结构的常见动词还有：consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等。

如：
He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。

The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.
运用完成句子
①We should ______________________ (使保护环境成为我们的职责) the environment.
②We _________________________________ ( 认为精通英语极其重要) English.
3．Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
出生于1930 年，袁博士1953 年毕业于西南农业大学。

[解释] 本句中，“born in 1930”为过去分词短语作状语，表示时间，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系。

过去分词短语作状语还可以表示原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等。

运用用所给单词的适当形式填空
①_______________ (equip) with electronic dictionaries, the students find learning English is much easier and more convenient.
②_________________ (ask) what had happened, he lowered his head.
③_________________ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
④_________________ (left) at home, Jean didn't feel afraid at all.
动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语
一、动名词的形式
二、v-ing作主语的用法
动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：
1. v-ing直接置于句首主语的位置上。

作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。

例如Doing sports does good to us.
Swimming is my favorite sport.
2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词作表语。

常见的作表语的名词或短语有：useful, useless, no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。

例如It is no use waiting for him any longer.
It is a waste of time arguing about it.
3. “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法……”，=“It is impossible to do… ”。

例如There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

There was no telling when this might happen again.
三、v-ing作宾语的用法
1. 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词有: admit, escape, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, risk, miss, delay(延
误), practise, suggest等。

★★常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:
避免错过少延期（avoid, miss, postpone）
建议完成多练习（advice, finish, practise）
喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, can’t help）
承认否认与嫉妒（admit, deny, envy）
逃避冒险莫原谅（escape, risk, excuse）
例如：He suggested going there by bus.
2. 有些短语如can‘t stand, give up, put off, keep on, set about, succeed in, insist on, feel like, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to(着手做...) , end up, lead to, think of / about, be afraid of，be busy (in)，be fond of，be good at，be delighted in，be interested in，be proud of，be tired of，be astonished at，be surprised at，be terrified at，apologize (to sb.) for，excuse／forgive／praise／thank sb. for, prevent／stop／keep sb from, have difficulty／trouble (in)(做……有困难，有麻烦)，等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。

例如：I have never dreamed of visiting that place.
3. 既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:
双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。

不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。

begin, start, like, prefer, hate, dislike, continue. remember, forget, try, mean, stop, regret, require.★意义区分：
remember/forget/regret+ to do 记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事，表该动作未曾发生
remember/forget/regret+ doing记得/忘记/后悔要做某事，表该动作已发生
mean to do 打算，意欲做... mean doing 意味着...
can‘t help to do 不能帮着做... can‘t help doing 禁不住做...
go on to do 继续做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事
try to do 试着做某事try doing 试一试
stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事stop doing 停止做同一件事
4. need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。

例如：The lake needs repairing.
5. V-ing做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型
用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是V-ing短语，其结构如下：
think useless
consider no use
主语+ find + it + no good + doing
feel like …
例如：I found it useless arguing about it.
6. 在have trouble/ a problem/ a good time (in) doing，spend time/ money (in) doing，be busy (in) doing等结构中，介词in常可以省略。

He had trouble (in) studying French.。