高中英语句子成分和结构讲解

consolidation
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 9. His wish is to become a scientist. 10. Do you have anything else to say?
②表地点：in China, at the airport…
我在教室里看见一个学生．
I saw a student in the classroom.
③表原因: because, as, for, since…
他因为生病所以今天没有去上学．
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
④表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.
⑤表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose 为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．
（六）宾语补足语 （object complement）
• I found the book interesting. • Do you smell something burning? • He made himself known to them.
(七) 同位语:(appositive) 我们有两个孩子，一男一女．
The + adj
V-ing / Clause be / feel / seem / look
Infinitive
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed
主+谓
She became a doctor.
主+ 系 + 表
The car caught fire.
主 + 谓+ 宾
I will write you a long letter.
主 + 谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语
I will let him ‹go. ›
主 + 谓 +宾 + 宾补
Translate the following sentences into English
（五） 表语（predicative）
1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
连系动词
2.表状态变化的动词 (get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)
3.感官动词(look, smell, hear, feel…)
+表语
My sister is a nurse. She got angry.
with
画出下列句子的状语
• I will be back in a while. • They are playing on the playground. • He was late because he got up late. • He got up so late that I missed the train. • I waited to see you. • He often went to school by bus. • His parents died, leaving him an orphan. • Please call me if it is necessary. • This book is very interesting. • He went to school in spite of his illness.
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位
语
语
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物,
主语一般位于__句__首__ 。
Lily llikes her new bike.
To learn English well is not easy.
这是一节生动有趣的课． 前置定语 This is a lively and interesting class.
有一些难题要处理． 后置定语 There is something difficult to deal with.
Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、 不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的 带有双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。
例： she ordered herself a new dress.
she cooked her husband a delicious meal.
2. She smiled. ___a___ 3. His job is to train swimmers. ___b__ 4. He noticed a man enter the room. __e___ 5. Please look at the picture. __c___
Nobody went.
In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .
⑥表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,
只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．
As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.
（二）谓语（predicate)： 由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。
He works very hard.
谓语
The weather is very nice today.
谓语
He looked up the word in t）
⑦表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though 他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．
He helped me although he didn’t know me. ⑧表程度: very, enough, to some extent…
那里的风景非常漂亮．
The scenery there is very beautiful.
英语句子成分与结构
Noun / Pronoun /
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
主 语
谓 语
Vt
宾语
宾语(直)
宾语(间)
noun adj. / adv.
宾语 宾补
infinitive
系动词
表语
V-ing V-ed
Noun / Pronoun
noun etc.
Five basic sentence pattern 英语五大基本句型
• 一: Ｓ Ｖ (主＋谓) • 二: Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ (主＋系＋表) • 三: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾) • 四: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) • 五: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
1.Ｓ＋Ｖ(主＋谓)
Ｖ是不及物动词
1. The sun rose. 2. What he said does not matter. 3. They talked for half an hour.
1. The dinner smells good. 2. Everything looks different.
3. Our well has gone dry. 4. His face turned red.
⑨表方式: like that, as, as if…
不要那样看我．
Don’t look at me like that! ⑩表伴随状况：
老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．
The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.
He gave me some books.
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↓
间接 直接
宾语 宾语
通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
（四） 定语:(attribute) （Noun/Pronoun）
八. 状语:(adverbial)
状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按 用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件， 让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。