新东方非谓语动词快速解题法

把握解题规律，轻松破解非谓语动词

非谓语动词内容繁多，用法复杂，是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点，也是高考中的必考项目。纵观08高考，各省市单选题中几乎都有对非谓语动词的考查，其中不定式题目3道，动词-ing形式13道，过去分词5道。同学们要想掌握非谓语动词的用法，轻松备战高考，快速准确地解题，不妨牢记非谓语动词解题“五步骤”：“牢记核心意义--分析句子成分—寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系—了解时间关系—分析特殊情况”。在做题过程中通过以上五个步骤而逐步排除干扰项，很快就可以找准答案。此“五步骤”的具体内容如下：
1、牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够，动词ing形式表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成。
2、分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
3、寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语，但它仍表示的是动作，因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者，这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语，表语和状语时，逻辑主语为句子的主语；作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语；作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词；复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系，用现在分词或不定式的主动式，如果是被动关系，则用过去分词或不定式的被动式，如果表被动进行，则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4、了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式，如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。
5、分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法，固定搭配等。
典型高考题例：
①____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.【08北京】
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
【解题分析】非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用在句首，中间与句子用逗号分开，表示伴随情况，用作伴随状语，因此用现在分词。
②I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.【08全国卷I】
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
【解题分析】在主系表结构中，当表语形容词为good, light,heavy, difficult等时，其后常用不定式作状语，表示时间，原因，结果等，且常用主动形式表示被动意义，因此选B。此处为特殊情况。
③ ----Did the book give the information you needed?
----Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. 【08北

京】
A. to find B. find C.to
be finding D. finding
【解题分析】非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开，作状语。根据句意：为了找到需要的信息，我不得不看完整本书的内容，表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语，且此处不表示动作正在进行，因此用一般式，选A。
④—Is Bob still performing?
—I'm afraid not. He is said____ the stage already as he has become an official【05江苏】
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
【解题分析】非谓语动词leave作主语he的补足语；逻辑主语是“he”，与动词“leave”为主动关系，因此可排除C、D两项；根据句意，强调主语“he”在“is said”之前已经离开了舞台，故应该用完成式，可排除B项，正确答案A。
⑤____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 【05湖北】
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
【解题分析】非谓语动词在句中作状语；逻辑主语是“Australia”，与动词“separate”为被动关系，排除B项；“separate”是主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的原因，发生在之前，所以要用完成式，A、D项可排除，正确答案C。
⑥ _____ automatically the e-mail will be received by all the club members. 【06上海】
A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out
【解题分析】非谓语动词作方式状语，排除C项（不定式表目的）；逻辑主语“the e-mail”与动词“mail”为被动关系，排除B项和D项，正确答案A。
⑦While watching television, ____.【05全国卷III】
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
【解题分析】此题需要逆向思维：根据已知的非谓语动词来判断正确的主句。非谓语动词短语作状语，“watching”的逻辑主语只能是“we”而不可能是“the doorbell”，即可排除A和B项；ring作宾语补足语不能用单数第三人称，正确答案C。
⑧It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. 【05北京】
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
【解题分析】非谓语动词在句中作“will be of”的主语，排除C项；该动词在此处表示一种普遍行为，用动名词表示，排除A；A项和B项表示动词已经发生，不合句意，可排除。正确答案D。
⑨After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】
A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit
C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit
【解题分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均

表示“记得已经发生过的事”，答案应选D。
⑩ — Ther
e is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
— My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old. 【06江苏】
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
【解题分析】固定搭配：“imagine”后只接动名词作宾语，排除A、B两项；此处非谓语动词表示未发生的动作，故排除D项，正确答案C。
以上高考真题基本上代表了非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以看出，并非每道题都要全面考虑以上“五步骤”，有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信，只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析，就可以练就一双火眼金睛，那么，再难的考查非谓语动词的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
小试身手：
1. ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.(08天津)
A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being throwing
2. ____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.（08安徽）
A. To walk B. Walking C. Walded D. Having walked
3. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ____ when we talked on the phone.(08江西)
A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted
4. The message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.(08陕西)
A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending
5. ____ around the Water Cube, we wre then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (08陕西)
A.Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. to show
6. We had an anxious couple of weeks ____for the results of the experiment.(08四川).
A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
7. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.(08重庆)
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
8. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year.（08浙江）
A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found
9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(08福建)
A. Waiting B.To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited
10.----Can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me?
-----No problem.（08福建）
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
11.He was busy writing a story, only _____once in a shile to smoke a cigarette.（08辽宁）
A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped
12. Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announed soon. （08辽宁）
A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated
13.----they are quiet, aren’t they?
----yes. They are accustomed ______at meal.（08江苏）
A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking
14.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______as much as w

e can.（08江苏）
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
15. Lucy’s new job pai
d twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.(08山东)
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
Keys: CBBAC; DDDCC; BBDCA