文体学的教案,

■Course: English Stylistics

■Time: Sep.6-30

■Course material: English Stylistics: A New Course Book《新编英语文体学教程》董启明编著外语教学与研究出版社

■Teaching procedure: Part One Theoretical Preliminaries(理论预备) and Major Varieties（主要变体）of English

Chapter 1 Style and Stylistics

1.1Introduction

1.What is Language? And in which aspects of language does stylistics focus on?

A. Language is the primary object of the study of linguistics, and linguists construct theories of language in general or of particular languages from differing points of view. The discussion of the concepts of style should focus on some essential aspects of language on which most linguists agree.

B. Language is viewed as a system of different types of linguistic organization such as phonology, syntax and lexicon. The English language consists of its pattern of sounds, sets of grammatical rules and a large body of vocabulary.

C. Language is also a social phenomenon, or institution, whereby people communicate and interact with each other. A language of a particular society is part of the society’s culture. Language activities operate within social activities. The language of a participant in a social activity reflects his social characteristics (such as his status, ethnic group, age and sex). It also reflects his awareness of the various factors of a social situation in which he finds himself. He should adjust his language in accordance with the medium of communication (speech or writing), the setting (private or public), the relationship with the addressee (in terms of the degree of intimacy or social distance), and the purpose (to inform, to persuade, etc.).

2. Varieties 变体of Language(variety=style)

A. Varieties in relation to regions---- British/American English

B. Varieties in relation to media----Spoken English/Written English

C. Varieties in relation to attitude----degrees of formality/politeness/ impersonality/accessibility

D. Varieties in relation to social factors----Women’s English/Black English/Taboo and Euphemism

E. Varieties in relation to social Genre----The English of Conversation / Public speaking / News reporting/Advertising/Literary English (The Novel/Poetry)/ Science and Technology/Legal Documents

3. Varieties analysis theory----Stylistics (文体学)

★Essence of stylistics : Appropriate use of language is considered the key to effective communication.

e.g. How to suck an egg? (Example and Analysis: Page 3)

★Analysis : The difference lies in the fact that the young student used some big and formal words, such as perforation(齿孔,hole) ,apex (顶点，最高点top), aperture(小孔，缝隙，opening), inhaling （吸气）discharged（流出）, which made her utterance difficult to understand, especially by an old woman without much education,while the old woman used informal words, such as gal, hole, end and suck. As a result, her utterance is easy to understand.