鲁滨逊漂流记英文

1,background

Robinson Crusoe was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk, an 18th-century Scottish sailor who spent almost five years alone on a desert island. This novel is famous for its lovely details and its expression of belief in man’s ability when left alone in Nature.

The story was perhaps influenced by Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish castaway who lived for four years on the Pacific island called "Más a Tierra" (in 1966 its name was changed to Robinson Crusoe Island), Chile. (Selkirk was marooned(陷入孤立无援困境的) in the island of Juan Fernandez(费尔南德斯）off the coast of Chile.)

The details of Crusoe's island were probably based on the Caribbean（加勒比海）island of Tobago（多巴哥岛）, since that island lies a short distance north of the Venezuelan（委内瑞拉）coast near the mouth of the Orinoco奥利诺可河river, in sight of Trinidad.[1] It is also likely that Defoe was inspired by the Latin or English translations of Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, an earlier novel also set on a desert island.[2]\

Another source for Defoe's novel may have been Robert Knox's account of his abduction诱拐by the King of Ceylon锡兰in 1659 in "An Historical Account of the Island Ceylon," Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons (Publishers to the University), 1911.[6]Although inspired by a real life event, it was the first notable work of literature where the story was independent of mythology, history, legends, or previous literature.

关于参考

Defoe's initial inspiration for Crusoe is usually thought to be a Scottish sailor named Alexander Selkirk, who was rescued in 1709 after four years on the uninhabited island of Más a Tierra in the Juan Fernández Islands off the Chilean coast. Rogers' "Cruising V oyage" was published in 1712, with an account of Alexander Selkirk's ordeal. However, Robinson Crusoe is far from a copy of Woodes Rogers' account: Selkirk was marooned at his own request, while Crusoe was shipwrecked; the islands are different; Selkirk lived alone for the whole time, while Crusoe found companions; while Selkirk stayed on his island for four years, not twenty-eight. Furthermore, much of the appeal of Defoe's novel is the detailed and captivating 迷人的account of Crusoe's thoughts, occupations and activities which goes far beyond that of Rogers' basic descriptions of Selkirk, which account for only a few pages。

2.Writing style

The novel adopts the first-person in the narrative and memoir form,its style is simple but inviting.

II.plot summary

（一）1.亚历山大·塞尔柯克（马萨蒂埃拉岛）Crusoe set sail in 1651,against his

parents--successful。

2.Journey to Guinea 几内亚：the ship was taken over by turkey pirate土耳其海盗,and Crusoe became a slave

3.He escaped to Brazil，became a owner of plantation

4.To bring black slaves ---journey to Africa第三次

5.The ship wrecked,his companions all died.

He fetched tools、supplies from the sinking ship (13days）

He learnt to hunt、grow corn、make pottery陶器、raise goats.....（last 12 years）He discovered cannibals食人族who were eating prisoners.

Crusoe rescued one prisoner,named him“Friday”.

They killed most cannibals and saved two prisoners.Spaniard

An English ship appeared,Crusoe helped the captain retake the ship, leaving the worst mutineers 叛变者on the island

（二）Crusoe set sail on the sea voyage in 1651,against the wishes of his parents.

After a tumultuous journey, his ship wrecked in a storm, his lust for the sea remained so strong that he set out to sea again. This journey too ends in disaster and Crusoe became a slave. After 2 years of slavery, he was rescued by a captain of Portuguese, 葡萄牙人with whose help Crusoe became a owner of a plantation in Brazil. Years later, he joined an expedition to bring slaves from Africa but he was shipwrecked, his companions all died,saved himself and three animals ---the captain’s dog and two cats. Then he became the lonely life in an isolated island. Then,He fetched tools、supplies from the sinking ship (13days）

He learnt to hunt、grow corn、make pottery陶器、raise goats.....（last 12 years）Years later, He discovered cannibals食人族who were eating prisoners.

C rusoe save a prisoner, named him “Friday”. Crusoe then teached him English and converted him to Christianity. Four years later, they were rescued and returned to England. Crusoe lived on the uninhabited island for 28 years.

（三)It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who wants

adventure instead of being a lawyer as his father wants him to be, joins an expedition to bring slaves from Africa but he is shipwrecked in a storm about forty miles out to sea on an island which he calls the Island of Despair. His companions all die, and only three animals who survived the shipwreck, the captain's dog and two cats. And for the following 28 years he was left in this lonely tropical热带 island. Overcoming all kinds of difficulties, he becomes self-sufficient自给自足. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls “Friday”.Crusoe and Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.

III.Idioms from the book

he book proved so popular that the names of the two main protagonists 灵魂人物