全英-内脏总论与消化系统1(foreign)

two surface:
2）the parts
cardiac part fundus of stomach body of stomach pyloric antrum pyloric part pyloric canal
greater curvature greater curvature
3）The position
umbilical region
4）The relation of stomach
The anterior surface: The L part is contact with diaphragm The R part is relation with the left and quadrate lobes of live and the anterior abdominal wall. The posterior surface:
right hypochondriac right lumbar
right inguinal (right iliac)
hypogastric/pubic
Chapter 5 Alimentary/digestive system mouth/oral cavity pharynx alimentary canal
esophagus stomach
small intestine large intestine salivary glands
duodenum jejunum ileum
alimentary liver gland Pancreas Small gland The upper/lower alimentary canal
1. The oral cavity
oral vestibule oral cavity proper 1) Lips 2) Cheek 3) Palate: Hard palate Soft palate Palatine glands Isthmus of fauces Tonsillar fossa 4) Palatine tonsile
tongue
5) The teeth/dentes
deciduous teeth (20):
incisors 2,
canine 1, molars 2 permanent teeth (32): incisors 2 canine 1
premolars 2
molars 2~3
The basic structure of teeth The shape : crown, neck and root Dental cavity : cavity of crown, root canal
The muscle: intrinsic muscle extrinsic muscle: styloglossus hyoglossus genioglossus
frenulum of tongue
2. The pharynx
1) Position nasopharynx
the opening of the opening of auditory tube auditory tube
2) Parts
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
3) Communication
nasopharynx nasal cavity
tympanic cavities of the middle ear oropharynx laryngopharynx oral cavity laryngeal cavity The sagittal section The sagittal section of the skull and neck of the skull and neck
2. General structure of viscera
porta hepatis
mucosa (submucosa) tubular organs
renal hilum
muscular coats serosa
Parenchymatous organs
The visceral surface of the limach/gaster
cardia cardia
1）the shape
two orifices: cardia pylorus two curvature:
lesser curvature lesser curvature
angular incisure angular incisure pylorus pylorus
Principal bronchus Second constriction constriction position Thoracic aorta the beginning (commencement) the first Thoracic part or lower border of 6th C or the level of cricoid cartilage Third constriction the intersection with left Abdominal partthe sternalbronchus angle the second or the level of or the lower border of the 4th T Inferior vena cava the esophageal hiatus the third or the lever of the 10th T The esophagus and its relationships the distance from incisor 15cm
esophagus.
The anterior wall of pharynx
First 3. Esophagus constriction Esophagus
Cervical part
1) The part Trachea
Aortic arch 2) The position of the three constriction
In middle full
left hypochondriac region epigastric region,
hypochondriac region epigastric region hypochondriac region
and umbilical region;
cardia on the left of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, pylorus on the right of the first lumbar vertebra. The position of stomach
Sublingual gland Submandibular gland Parotid gland Parotid duct Uvula Palate Palatopharyngeal arch The opening of the parotid duct Palatoglossal arch
Palatine tonsil
It is relation with the spleen, the diaphragm, the left suprarenal gland, the upper part of the left kidney, the splenic blood vessels, the pancreas, the left colic flexure, the transverse colon and its mesocolon. These structures form the stomach bed.
Xulin 徐 professor
林
splanchnology
Chapter 4 Introduction
1. The concept and function
Splanchnology is a subject that studies the shape, structure and position of the organs of viscera. Viscera includes alimentary system, respiratory system, urinary system and genital system. funtion: The main functions of the viscera are to fulfil the metabolism and maintain the life of species.
the parasternal line
the anterior axillary line the midaxillary line the posterior axillary line the scapular line
the posterior median line
The 4 abdominal regions
The main functions of alimentary system are to ingest the food, to secrete enzymes, to absorb the products of the digestive action, and to eliminate the unused residues. The respiratory system is to carry out the gas exchanges -- supply of oxygen for living cells and remove of carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism. The primary function of urinary system is to keep the body in homeostasis by removing and restoring selected amount of water and solutes, excreting the various wastes. The functions of genital system are to produce germ cells (ovum and sperm) and to secrete some hormones.