工业废水处理及其COD的分析

目录

摘要 (1)

Abstract (2)

前言 (3)

1废水处理 (4)

1.1废水处理的方法 (4)

1.1.1固相萃取 (4)

1.1.2活性碳吸附 (4)

1.1.3溶剂萃取 (5)

1.2废水处理的新方法 (5)

1.2.1活性炭吸附-电化学高级氧化再生法处理难降解有机污染物.. 5

1.2.2超临界水氧化法(SWAO)及超临界水催化氧化法(SCWAO) (6)

1.2.3超声波法 (6)

2化学需氧量COD (6)

2.1废水中COD的测定分析 (7)

2.1.1重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量 (7)

2.1.1.1测定原理 (7)

2.1.1.2测定方法 (8)

2.2.2高锰酸钾法测定化学需氧量 (9)

2.2.2.1测定原理 (9)

2.2.2.2测定方法 (9)

3结果与讨论 (10)

COD测定方法的精密度与准确度 (10)

4结论 (12)

参考文献 (13)

摘要

我国水污染严重。因此水污染的处理成为了当前一个重要的研究课题。我国的水污染主要来源是工业废水，对工业废水的处理现在有许多方法，本文不仅对废水处理进行了总体概述，还对各种方法产生的背景，原理，适用范围，各自的优缺点进行了较为全面的论述。并对当前新的处理方法做了区分介绍。使读者能较为全面的了解废水处理的各方面知识。化学需氧量作为一个能量化表示水质污染程度的重要指标，在废水分析中占有重要的地位，也理所当然的成为了实验分析的重点。本文分别采用重铬酸钾法和高锰酸钾法测定COD值，并对测定原理、测定方法、实验步骤进行了较为详细的介绍。在具体实验中是对三种不同浓度的COD标准溶液进行了测定，每种浓度的标准溶液平行测定六次。通过对实验数据的平均值、相对误差、标准偏差、相对标准偏差的处理计算后，分析了试验方法的精密度和准确度。发现对于高浓度和低浓度的COD 标准溶液，重铬酸钾法都具有良好的精密度和准确度；高锰酸钾法(酸性条件或碱性条件)具有良好的精密度；但在准确度上，对于高浓度的COD标准溶液，高锰酸钾法准确度低(结果显著偏低)；而对于COD值为低浓度的标准溶液，两种方法的准确度相差不大。产生这种结果的原因是两种方法的试验条件不同，且氧化剂在不同介质中的氧化性也有差别，所以应针对不同的水质情况选择适宜的分析方法。

关键词：废水处理化学需氧量COD 高锰酸钾重铬酸钾

Abstract

China's water pollution has been serious.Therefore, the treatment of water pollution has become an important current research topic. China's main source of water pollution is industrial waste water, industrial wastewater treatment there are many ways now, not only for wastewater treatment in this article for a general overview, but also on the background of a variety of methods, principles, scope of application, their advantages and disadvantages more comprehensive discussion. To deal with current and new methods to introduce a distinction between. So that readers can be more comprehensive understanding of all aspects of wastewater treatment knowledge. Chemical oxygen demand as an energy that the water quality of an important indicator of the degree of pollution in wastewater analysis played an important role，also a matter of course become the focus of the experimental analysis. In this paper, the use of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate COD value determination, and determination of principle, determination of the experimental steps for a more detailed introduction. Specific experiments in three different concentration of standard solution of COD were determined for each concentration of standard solution of six determinations. Experimental data on the average relative error, standard deviation, relative standard deviation calculation of the processing, analysis of the test method precision and accuracy. Found for the high concentration and low COD concentration of standard solution，Potassium dichromate method has good precision and accuracy；Potassium permanganate method (acidic or alkaline conditions) with good precision；but accuracy,the high concentration of COD for the standard solution, high-manganese accuracy of low potassium Act (the result of significantly lower); and the COD value of the low concentration standard solution, the accuracy of two methods or less the same. The reasons for this result are two different methods of experimental conditions, and the oxidants in different media there are differences in oxidation, it should be the water quality of different analytical methods to choose suitable.

Key words:wastewater treatment；Chemical oxygen demand COD；Potassium permanganate；Potassium dichromate.