高中英语科普知识类阅读理解解题技法总结

高中英语科普知识类阅读理解解题技法总结

科普知识类文章是每年的必考题，其试题的取材与当前科学技术等方面的发展密切相关。此类文章将知识、科学、人文融为一体。

一、题材特点

科普类阅读通常讲述一个科学道理，介绍一项新的发现或最新研究成果，文章通常显得陌生、抽象和复杂。所选用的篇章虽然可能是学生不熟悉的话题，但同时确实基于目前生活现实。

二、语篇结构

科普类阅读的语篇结构严谨、逻辑性强。这种解释类说明体裁与叙事类文章大不相同，它围绕着明确的主题，以严谨的逻辑结构展开，层次分明、段落清晰。从段落上，一般由导语(introduction)，背景(background)，主体(mainbody)和结尾(ending)四部分构成。主题句通常在句首或句尾。内容上一般由who(谁的研究), when(什么时候做的研究)，why(为什么研究该内容), what(研究了什么)，how(这项研究的原理)和where(目前研究的现状，即：研究到什么地步或有什么样的意义)等组成。

三、解题策略

1．细心抓住细节，整体提炼大意

在把握文章整体结构、理清文章脉络的基础上，不要因行文中出现的个别生词而心慌，也不要因为句式的复杂而不知所措，准确地把握关键词、关键句，进而总结全文的中心思想。那么哪些句子是关键词、关键句呢？关键词包括顺序词，如first ，second 等；关联词，如but ，why 等；过渡词，如however, in addition to 等。关键句指的是主题句及每段的首句。

2．带着问题读文章，方向明确心不慌

这是快速阅读的前提，带着设题的题干(不必过多关注四个选项，否则会扰乱思维)来阅读。在通读整篇文章之前做好相应准备的同时，能够把握考点，确定阅读方向。有了这个方向标，就不难在文章中找到重点，确定关键词和关键句。

[2015·全国卷Ⅰ，B]The_freezing_Northeast_hasn't_been_a_terribly_fun_place_to_spend_time_this_winter,_so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for P1 the land of warmth and vitamin C (维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer W1 of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part—particularly to my taste P2

，

dulled_by_months_of_cold

weather_root_vegetables—was_a_7_a ．m._adventure_to_the_Sarasota_farmers'_market_tha

t_proved_to_be_more_than_worth_the_early_wake

up_call_.

The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a ．m. to 1 p ．m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.

Disappointed by many a broken, vine

ripened (蔓上成熟的) promise, I've refused to buy winter tomatoes for

years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly W2 dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty W3， on one particular table at the Brown's Grove Farm's stand W4， full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal—and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months.

Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened S when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where—luckily for me—I_was_planning_to_have_dinner_that_very_night._Without_even_seeing_the_menu,_I_knew_I'd_be_ordering_every_tomato_on_it.

1．What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A ．Exciting. B ．Boring. C ．Relaxing.

D ．Annoying.

2．What made the author's getting up early worthwhile?

A ．Having a swim.

B ．Breathing in fresh air.

C ．Walking in the morning sun.

D ．Visiting a local farmers' market.

3．What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? A ．They are soft. B ．They look nice. C ．They taste great.

D ．They are juicy.

4．What was the author going to do that evening? A ．Go to a farm. B ．Check into a hotel. C ．Eat in a restaurant.

D ．Buy fresh vegetables.

W 重点单词

1．prayer n . 祈祷

2.unfailingly adv . 无一例外地，可靠地

3.uncertainty n . 不确定

4.stand n . 摊位 P 重点短语

1．leave for 动身去某地