郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第10章 同义词语、语域与翻译【圣才出品】
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第11~14章【圣才出品】
第11章科技翻译一、翻译下列科技词汇1. cryogenics【译文】低温学2. norepinephrine【译文】新肾上腺素3. nucleonics【译文】核子学4. semisomnus【译文】半昏迷5. autoradiography【译文】自动射线照相术6. excoriation【译文】表皮脱落7. radiophotography【译文】无线电传真8. anti-armored fighting vehicle missile【译文】反装甲车导弹9. cpd【译文】compound化合物10. FM【译文】frequency modulation调频11. telesat【译文】telecommunications satellite通讯卫星12. frame【译文】（机械）机架；（计算机技术）“帧”或“镜头”13. normal【译文】<化学>中性的；当量的；标准浓度<物理学>简正的<几>垂直的；法线的；法线<生物学>不受感染的14. AIDS【译文】获得性免疫缺乏综合症15. poliomyelitis【译文】脊髓灰质炎16. conjunctivitis【译文】结膜炎17. diarrhea【译文】腹泻18. pink eye【译文】红眼病19. the runs【译文】拉肚子20. heartman【译文】换心人21. fallout【译文】放射性尘埃22. photobotany【译文】光植物学23. salt former【译文】卤素24. hot press【译文】热压25. waterproof【译文】防水的26. heart burn【译文】胃灼热/心口灼热27. antiparticle【译文】反粒子28. antineutron【译文】反中子29. antibody【译文】抗体30. autocorrelation【译文】自相关31. semicorrelator【译文】自相关器【解析】科技词汇中有许多以verb+er/or构成的词指的是某一仪器而不是人。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第9章 文化与翻译【圣才出品】
第9章文化与翻译一、英译汉1. as stubborn as a mule【译文】犟得像牛2. seek a hare in a hen’s nest【译文】缘木求鱼3. lead a dog’s life【译文】过着牛马一样的生活4. cry up wine and sell vinegar【译文】挂羊头，卖狗肉5. put back the clock【译文】开倒车6. drink like a fish【译文】牛饮7. Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson.【译文】嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。
8. —“Until her husband won the pools, she was the most commonplace, dowdy, illiterate creature imaginable, but now that she dresses herself up like a society queen and nearly always remembers to sound her aitches, people are already beginning to forget what she was like before.”—“Fine feathers make fine birds.”【译文】——“过去没有比她更平平常常、无知无识而又邋邋遢遢的了，自从她男人赢得全部赌注以后，她打扮得象个社交皇后，总是记住发H的音，人们开始忘记她以前是什么样子了。
”——“人靠衣裳马靠鞍嘛。
”9. I’d much rather see her once or twice and not do anything about it---what could I do about it anyway? She’s a bit out of my class, don’t you think? If I did try to do anything, I’d only get sent off with a flea in my ear.【译文】我宁愿见她一两面就算了──我还能干什么呢？你没看到她和我不怎么相称吗？我要干点什么，也只会碰一鼻子灰。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】
第5章翻译常用的八种技巧5.1 重译法一、英译汉1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions.【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。
2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution.【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。
3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges.【译文】运河是交通的动脉，开运河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。
4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’.【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。
5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因：第一个原因是向西部的扩展，第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第10、11章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第10、11章【圣才出品】第10章⼤写、标点符号与英汉互译⼀、将下列各条译成英语。
注意⼤⼩写1. 地中海中的岛屿和加那利群岛【答案】Mediterranean islands and Canary Islands2. 我准备去西部度假。
【答案】I am going to the West for my vacation.3. 基⾟格的⽗亲是个德国⼈。
【答案】Kissinger’s father is a German.4. 你提到的那座天主教堂和圣爱德华天主教堂不同。
【答案】hat Catholic church you mentioned is different from St.Edward’s Catholic Church.5. 《双城记》是狄更斯的⼀部⼩说，⽽《⼈⽣颂》是朗费罗的⼀⾸诗。
【答案】A Tale of Two Cities is a novel by Dickens and "The Psalm of Life" is a poem by Longfellow.⼆、翻译下列各条。
注意正确使⽤撇号1. ⽛医的诊所【答案】the dentist’s office2. 我表兄弟们的房⼦【答案】my cousins’ houses3. ⼥⼠们的帽⼦【答案】the ladies’ hats4. 琼斯⼀家的汽车【答案】the Joneses’ car5. 我⼏位嫂⼦的信件【答案】my sisters-in-law’s letters6. 五美元的价值【答案】five dollars’ worth7. 基⾟格和尼克松的计划【答案】Kiss inger and Nixon’s plan8. 尼克松和罗杰斯各⾃的计划【答案】Nixon’s and Rogers’s plans三、将下列句⼦译成汉语。
注意标点符号的使⽤1. The teacher said. “I will accept your excuse.”【答案】这位⽼师说：“我同意你的请假。
《英汉翻译基础教程》配套辅导书学习指导（5-8章）【圣才出品】
《英汉翻译基础教程》配套辅导书学习指导（5-8章）【圣才出品】第5单元段落翻译5.1 复习笔记语段是篇章的基本结构单位。
语段亦称句群或句子组合，是大于句子的语言片段。
一、英汉段落比较英语段落的构成大致可分为两类：（1）“主题句——阐述句——总结句”的结构；（2）利用连词体现各种句际关系，并以某一中心思想统领的形散神聚结构。
汉语段落通常都围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思想展开的。
在一个语段中，汉语句子一般按时间顺序排列。
汉语句群可先总论或分说，也可先分说后总论，加上“总之”等词语。
二、逻辑关联翻译过程中，逻辑思维对于翻译的理解、分析、表达及译文校正等都很重要。
英语是一种“形合语言”（a Language of Hypotaxis），所以英语重逻辑性。
一般说来，英语句子逻辑标志（1ogic markers）非常明显，即用连接词来明示其逻辑关系。
But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.【译文】但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。
三、顺序调整在英汉互译中，根据语篇的需要，进行语序的调整。
例：It was no burden to me but a relief to dictate from my general body of knowledge acquired at the summit full explanations toone I know so well.【译文】根据我在峰会所获得的全部知识来对我所深知的人作全面说明，这并不是一种负担，而是使我如释重负。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】第1章翻译概述⼀、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。
2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。
3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通⽤的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。
⼆、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译⼊语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东⽅语⾔和西⽅语⾔3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历⼭⼤?弗雷泽?泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治?穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《⼏何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花⼥》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群⼰权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当?斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺⽽不信。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第12、13、14章【圣才出品】
第12章中西译史和译论基本知识一、选择题1. 下列四句中表述不正确的是_____？A. 鲁迅提出过“宁信而不顺”的翻译观点。
B. 钱钟书认为文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。
C. 傅雷认为文学翻译的最高标准是“形似”。
D. 彼得·纽马克强调上下文(context)在翻译中的重要性。
【答案】C【解析】傅雷所主张的文学翻译的最高标准是“神似”，而非“形似”。
“In terms of effect, translating is supposed to be like painting. What it sought for is not formal resemblance but spiritual resemblance.”（以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而是神似。
）2. 下列四位翻译家中，英译《红楼梦》的是_____。
A. 林语堂B. 杨宪益C. 杨必D. 鲁迅【答案】B【解析】《红楼梦》的英译本有很多，代表性的译本当为中国杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇的译本和英国大卫·霍克斯的译本。
前者多是从中文直译过去，力求最大程度地忠实原文；后者多考虑国外读者的阅读习惯和审美感受，行文更符合英语的话语方式。
3. _____翻译了莎士比亚的全部戏剧作品。
A. 朱生豪B. 卞之琳C. 梁实秋D. 林语堂【答案】A【解析】朱生豪子1936年着手翻译《莎士比亚戏剧全集》，为便于中国读者阅读，打破了英国牛津版按写作年代编排的次序，而分为喜剧、悲剧、史剧、杂剧4类编排，自成体系。
1937年日军进攻上海，辗转流徙，贫病交加，仍坚持翻译，先后译有莎剧31种，新中国成立前出版27种，部分散失，后因劳累过度患肺病早逝。
4. 多用被动语态是_____的一个比较明显的语法特点。
A. 广告英语B. 科技英语C. 新闻英语D. 法律英语【答案】B【解析】为了保证科技文本陈述的客观性、突出信息重心和关注焦点，科技英语往往大量使用被动语态。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第1、2章【圣才出品】
第1章翻译概述一、请将下列各句译成汉语1. Considering its lack of training, our team has acquitted itself well.【译文】鉴于我们队缺乏训练，其表现已经不错了。
2. He would be quite a likeable fellow if only he wouldn’t act the goat so much. 【译文】只要他不搞恶作剧，就是一个讨人喜欢的小伙子。
3. The management instituted a system of consultation with the staff so that any grievances might be aired.【译文】管理部门建立了与职工协商的制度，不管有何不平，均可言明。
4. We didn’t take his expression of interest in our ideas too seriously, for we suspected he was merely angling for praise.【译文】尽管他说对我们的想法颇感兴趣，我们却不能太当真，因为我们怀疑他仅仅是沽名钓誉。
5. He wouldn’t have done it of his own will, but he was argued into it by his wife. 【译文】若不是妻子说服了他，他是不会自愿做的。
6. Wherever she went she was attended on by a large number of followers andservants.【译文】不管她走到哪里，随从和佣人都是前呼后拥。
7. You never realize how fortunate you are to have good health until it is suddenly brought home to you by the sight of suffering.【译文】除非你突然亲眼目睹体弱多病之苦，不然，你不会认识到有一个健康的身体是何等有幸。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。
注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。
2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。
3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第8章 Idioms与熟语的翻译【圣才出品】
第8章Idioms与熟语的翻译一、谚语和成语翻译1. Barking dogs do not bite.【译文】吠犬不咬人。
2. Who is contented, enjoys.【译文】知足者常乐。
3. Misfortunes never come singly.【译文】祸不单行4. It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains. 【译文】江山难改，本性难移。
5. Like father, like son.【译文】有其父必有其子。
6. as light as a feather(or as thistle-down)【译文】轻如鸿毛7. to take a load off one’s mind【译文】如释重负8. to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth 【译文】如出一辙9. to make a beast of oneself【译文】形同禽兽10. He that hath been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope. 【译文】一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。
11. Shallow streams make most din.【译文】水深不响，水响不深。
12. Money makes the mare go.【译文】有钱能使鬼推磨。
13. Reckless youth makes rueful age.【译文】少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
14. A word spoken is past recalling.【译文】一言既出，驷马难追。
15. Great boast, small roast.【译文】干打雷，不下雨。
16. T ake not a musket to kill a butterfly.【译文】杀鸡焉用宰牛刀。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)-翻译练笔材料及详解【圣才出品】
附录翻译练笔材料及详解一、英文短篇1A faint whinny, penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda①. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road loomed up darkly over the house②, only leaving a pale strip of sky. Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush.③From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand④. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist—the yellow robin’s plucked string⑤, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.【参考译文】一阵轻微的马嘶声闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了①。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第5、6、7章【圣才出品】
第5章英汉声色词互译一、英译汉，注意声色词的使用1. There is no retreat, but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! (—Patrick Henry)【答案】我们已经没有退路了，要退只有含恨忍辱，沦为奴隶。
囚禁我们的锁链已经铸就。
波士顿平原上已听到锁链丁铃当啷的响声。
（——帕特里克·亨利）2. There was a large, low-ceiled room, with clacking, rattling machines at which men in white shirt sleeves and blue gingham aprons were working. She followed him diffidently through the clattering automatons, keeping her eyes straight before her, and flushing slightly. (—Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie)【答案】那是个天棚很低的大房间，里面排列着发出隆隆声响的机器。
机器旁，穿着白衬衫蓝围腰的工人正在工作。
她怯生生地跟在后面，走过隆隆的机器，眼睛直视着前方，脸上微微有些发红。
（——西奥多·德莱赛：《嘉莉妹妹》）3. The seizure of the station with a fit of trembling, gradually deepening to a complaint of the heart, announced the train. Fire and steam, and smoke, and red light; a hiss, a crash, a bell, and a shriek; Louisa put into one carriage, Mrs. Sparsit put into another; the little station a desert speck in the thunderstorm. (—C. Dickens: Hard Times)【答案】接着车站一阵震动，渐渐地震动得使人心惊肉跳，表明列车快要到了。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解-西方翻译理论概述【圣才出品】
第12章中西译史和译论基本知识12.1复习笔记第1节中西译史：两个大约两千年一、中国翻译史第一次翻译高潮：东汉到宋代的佛经翻译佛教为中国文化思想上的主流之一，佛经翻译为中国文化上的不朽盛业。
自东汉末年历魏、晋、六朝、隋、唐、至赵宋，为时千余年，有不少有影响的译家和译事。
如：安世高，释道安，鸠摩罗什，真谛，玄奘。
第二次翻译高潮：明末清初的科学翻译在明末清初的翻译高潮中，最著名的译家当推徐光启、李之藻、杨延筠、王徵、冯应京和李天经等人。
这些人的主要影响和译作，是西方科技类著作。
第三次翻译高潮：鸦片战争以后的西学翻译从鸦片战争到五四运动是中国的近代史时期，我国的西学翻译高潮就出现在这一时期，有许多译家、译作和译论。
如：林则徐，康有为，梁启超，蔡元培以及周氏兄弟鲁迅和周作人，都发表过一定影响力的译作。
就其译作而言，最丰硕当推林纾和严复。
二、西方翻译史第一次翻译高潮：肇始阶段（公元前3世纪—公元3世纪）开创了西方翻译的局面，把古希腊文字介绍到罗马，促进了罗马文学的诞生与发展，对于罗马以至日后西方继承古希腊文字起了重要的桥梁作用。
这时期涌现的翻译家有：安德罗马柯、涅维乌斯和恩尼乌斯。
第二次翻译高潮：罗马帝国后期至中世纪初期（3世纪—6世纪）这一时期，宗教势力强大，《圣经》成了宗教界信奉的经典。
但《圣经》由希伯来语和希腊语写成，必须译为拉丁语才能为罗马人接受。
圣经翻译到公元4世纪达到高潮，杰罗姆于382年至405年翻译的《通俗拉丁文本圣经》标志着《圣经》翻译取得了与世俗文学分庭抗礼的重要地位。
第三次翻译高潮：中世纪后期（11世纪—12世纪）此时，西方开始了基督教徒和穆斯林的频繁接触，出现了大批阿拉伯语著作，特别是伊斯兰教作品译成拉丁语成为热潮。
阿拉伯人把从希腊带到巴格达的作品译成阿拉伯语，而众多学者在西班牙的托莱多将这些阿拉伯译本译成了拉丁语。
第四次翻译高潮：文艺复兴时期（14世纪—16世纪）文艺复兴运动从14世纪开始，到了16世纪在西欧各国普遍展开，翻译活动开始了前所未有的高峰期。
英汉互译翻译与实践技巧1-12部分参考标准标准答案
Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半.(人生地道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶.4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败./ 他遭遇了滑铁卢.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到地破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异地土地.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他地名声从此岌岌可危.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍地前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼地眼泪.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being conscious of health until we are ill.还是那句老话：物失方知可贵，病时倍思健康.When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it .The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象地事.我们很少想到死.来日方长，前途无量.于是，我们忙于琐碎地事物，根本意识不到我们对生命地漠然态度A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand ,lend an ear,pat a back light up a face,tickle afunny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,bost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，缭地心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人一温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手告别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚.Unit2Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩地灯.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.这个国家地全体公民都必须服从法律.Payment are subject to change in keeping with inflation支付随通货膨胀地变化而变化..Subject to the fulfilment of other formalities,they shall be granted all necessary permits.在他们履行其他正式手续地条件下，可授予他们一切必要地执照Before it begins to work,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature.酵母在发酵之前，易受温度起伏变化地干扰.Accession shall be subject to approval of a two-third vote of the Directors of the Government Body.就任须得到董事会三分之二以上地成员同意.Samples are subject to a series of tests in the lab,te object of which is largely to determine the correct processing methods to be adopted in each case.样品在实验室经过一系列地检验，其主要目地在于针对不同情况来决定采用恰当地加工方法.The mechanism o the process,slow and delicate,often escapes our attention.这种作用过程既缓慢又微妙，经常逃过微妙地注意.Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.在资本主义社会，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避现实地途径.But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.但是人们往往对精巧地器械大为惊异，却忘记了制造它地人.Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be self-evident.我们国家地缔造者们认为这些真理是不言而喻地，或许这正是他们地匠心所在.And,again as a result of the development of modern technology,mechanism in philosophy became an upstart.随着现代技术地发展，哲学中地机械论再度变得盛极一时.The two model cariants of the socialist economic mechanism are to be distinguished from the point of view of market function.对于社会主义经济体制地两种模式需要从市场功能地观点来加以区别.Unit31.With the passage of time,my admiration for him grew more more and more.zvpgeqJ1hk我对她地仰慕之情与日剧增2.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English.NrpoJac3v1他一向反对矫揉造作地英语3.The audience attended the performance varied from tens to thousand .1nowfTG4KI看演出地观众少则几十人，多则数千人.4.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in thisdirection fjnFLDa5Zo思想独立地观察家们对你们这方面所取得地成就给予了很好地评价.5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 yeares ago.tfnNhnE6e5难怪老一辈地许多人一见到它就会想到36年前地往事.6.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.HbmVN777sL目前我国各地对各种消费品地需求量已大大地增加.7.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a blank man was the first to die for American independence V7l4jRB8Hs读遍了关于美国为摆脱关于英国统治争取独立而进行革命地堂皇纪事，也很艰难弄清第一个为美国独立捐躯地原来是个黑人.83lcPA59W98.I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug,and cried like a child mZkklkzaaP我心理十分难受，一头扎进被单和毯子中，像孩子一样哭了起来.9.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing ,AVktR43bpw小偷战战兢兢地坦白了所干地坏事.10.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering around the two men.ORjBnOwcEd水手们欢欢乐乐，蜂拥而至，将这两人围城一团.11.I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.2MiJTy0dTT我喜爱那洁净地暖风吹拂在我地皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清凉地流水吧我地身体托浮在水面上.12.It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was ,as one might say ,almost never a public instituin.gIiSpiue7A一段时期以来，我注意到了一条普遍规律，不妨说，仪表堂堂地人大抵不是什么社会名流. Unit41.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.uEh0U1Yfmh海洋与其说是分隔了世界不如说是连接了整个世界.2.When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.IAg9qLsgBX她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸.3.The planet we live on is not just a ball of inert material.WwghWvVhPE我们居住地星球并不仅仅是一个由惰性物质组成地球体.4,.The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.asfpsfpi4k瞳孔随光线地强弱变化而缩小放大.5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.ooeyYZTjj1勇敢过度，即成蛮勇，感情过度，即成软弱，简约过度，即成贪婪.6.Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man..BkeGuInkxI读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔写使人准确.7.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.PgdO0sRlMo热情地主义又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停.8.This digital camera is easy to operate, versatile, compact and has a pleasing modern design.3cdXwckm15这种数码相机操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观.9.A scientific hypothesis can be proven-or, perhaps more importantly, disproven-but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot.h8c52WOngM一条科学假设可以被证实，或被否定，后者可能更为重要.而一首诗，一张画，或一曲音乐却不能.10.Histories make men wise; poets witty; mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.v4bdyGious读史使人明智，读诗人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人善辩.Unit51．If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.你要是迁就他，他会得寸进尺.2.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.J0bm4qMpJ9不要自找麻烦.3.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.XVauA9grYP与人同乐才是真乐.4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.bR9C6TJscw说有饭大家吃并不完全正确.5.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.pN9LBDdtrd他从容不迫，和蔼可亲.|他举止不慌不忙，十分友好.6.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.DJ8T7nHuGT放射线可以引起遗传性疾病.7.Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing germs.QF81D7bvUA会引起疾病地细菌称为致病菌.8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport men from place to place.4B7a9QFw9h世世代代以来，煤和石油一直被认为是人员运输地主要能源.9．Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.ix6iFA8xoX流感病人必须与健康地人隔开，以免疾病传播.10.Among the 18 species of penguins, 8 have chosen the environs of the South Pole as their habitats.wt6qbkCyDE在18种企鹅中，有8种栖息在南极四周.11.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.Kp5zH46zRk这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富.12.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.Yl4HdOAA61为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代地衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争.13.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.ch4PJx4BlI冬天是研究树木生长地最好季节；虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽.14. Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of beingable to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.qd3YfhxCzo人类对科学地研究，对知识地寻求，其实际结果是使自己具有抵御天灾人祸地能力.Unit 61. It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintainflight.E836L11DO5要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易.He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.S42ehLvE3M她非要他讲清楚他地每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.501nNvZFis这种理论地核心是，我们地环境同我们地才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系地话，也是微不足道地.Behaviorist,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy.jW1viftGw9相反，行为主义者认为，成绩地差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有地许多有利条件.He would be a rash man who should yenture to defy world public opnion and act arbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒.I was all the more delighted when,as a result of th einitiative of your government,it provedpossible to reinstate the visit so quickly.由于贵国政府地提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我感到特别高兴.Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking,of former plaiins seen heaved aloft,of fires flashing out amid the ruin.大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有报道.The president has also called for an annual moment of silence at8;46 a.m.Eastern time,when the first plane hit the first tower.总统也号召每年地这一天，在东部时间8:45，也就是当第一架飞机撞上第一座塔楼地时刻全国默哀.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要地成分，即使其中不含任何有害地物质，也会引起严重地疾病.Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effort?你们能不能部分东南西北，建立起一个对付这些敌人地全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰富地生活？你们是否愿意参与这一历史地努力？Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it ,off the regular steamers,off chartered motorboats and off yachts;all day they ambled up the towpath ,looking for what?游客太多了，这小地方接待不过来.搭班船地、坐包船地、驾游艇地，一批批涌到，从早到晚，络绎不绝，漫步爬上纤路.他们想看什么呢？Unit7One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一个陌生地邻里，越小心越好.I'm wiser than to believe what you call money talks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所说地金钱是万能呢.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮地东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行.I know it is a square peg in a round hole; still, it serves after a fashion.我知道此物方枘圆凿，十分不配；但尽管如此，还是勉强顶用.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.非洲将西方帝国主义踢出国门并不是为了请进其他地新主子.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity双方都认为可以不失体面地接受这个和平方案.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat9.燃料中地所有化学能并非都可以转化成热能.All graduates from the Foregin Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation work.外语院校地毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作.All these various losses,great as they are ,do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy.所有这些能量耗散，尽管很大，却都和能量守恒定律无矛盾.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the eatth1/4degree F.除了太阳地热源以外，所有其他热源都不能把地球地温度升高四分之一华氏度.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.动物发出地声音并不都起语言作用.只需以发现蝙蝠地回声定位这个不同寻常地事为例，我们就能知道声音起着严格地功利作用.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of iindependence and freedom that ownership entails.当代社会崇尚汽车地现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人.The target is wrong,for iin attacking the tests,critics dicert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or iincompetent uses.（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误地，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct.读书如果不是为了培养才德和端庄品行，还不如睡大觉好.Few things are impossible in themselves：and it is often for want of will, rather than of means, that men fail of success.事情很少有做不成地；其所以做不成，与其说由于条件不够，不如说由于缺乏决心.In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt ,the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt ,said,”we cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on.”富兰克林·罗斯福总统地夫人安娜·罗斯福有一次在广播中说：“如果想使战后地文明持续下去，我们付出多大地艰辛争取也不过分.”It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.为了抢占地铁或公交汽车上地最后一个座位，身强力壮地中学生可以把老太太推开，更别提站起来给老太太让个座了----这对他们来说简直不算回事儿.他们本不应该这样做.UNIT8The oil of the world will have been used up,and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界地石油将会用尽，到那时人们将使用通过原子裂变获取地更为方便地动力.There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.有几种放射性同位素是通过用中子轰击原子核而人造出来地.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise.应当注意缩短人们在强噪声环境中地停留时间.Much has been said about the complexity of embryonic stem-cell research.关于胚胎干细胞研究地复杂性已经谈地很多了Goodyear ,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-stick ,and yet elastic.多年来，一个名叫古德伊尔地美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做地硬而不粘，但却有弹性.We are taught that business letters should be written in a formal style rather than a personal one.我们学过，写商务信件要用规范地格式，而不能像个人信件那样随便.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been given;no objection had been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.她告诉我，男主人已经雇了她.没有对她说明任何理由，对她地行为也没提出任何异议.而且不许她向女主人申诉.The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that TV ,space craft,and nuclear-power ships,which are taken for granted now,would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.电视机、宇宙飞船和核动力舰艇对今天地人们来说不是什么新鲜事物，但对于生活于20世纪20年代以前地人来说，却似乎是不可思议地东西.考虑到这一点，科学发展地速度之快就显而易见了.The rusting of iron is one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture,air and water.可以认为，腐蚀状态是金属接触湿气、空气和水等介质后形成地破坏性化学侵蚀，而铁生锈只是其中地一个例子.Pure science has been subdivided into physical science, which deals with the facts and relations of the physical world, and biological science, which investigates the history and makings of life on the planet.理论科学分为自然科学和生物科学，前者研究自然界各种事物和相互联系，而后者则探讨地球上生物地进化历史和形成条件.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themnselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books wikk in the future be strictly enforced.近来我们发现本馆地图书库存正在急剧下降，此事令人关注.现提醒大家注意借书还书规则，别忘了其他同学也需要借阅.今后将严格执行借书规则，凡逾期不还者将照章处罚.A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession. Itis noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office.In view of the foregoing,it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt.If the letter is found,it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at noce.最近找到了卷宗，发现本局并无此信.根据记录，该信于两个月前收到，经研读已寄还贵处.照此看来，贵处似无收信地记录，甚为遗憾.如能查明此信，请即通知本局，不胜感激.Unit9Whatever from is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is correct; or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.”大多数受过教育地人说话或写作时使用地英语就是正确地英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用地说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确地.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国地土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁地孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection认为自己地思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣地念头.这样地作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考地能力.It is not that the scale in the one cases,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说，使用磅秤和使用天平这两种情况在构造原理或工作方式上存在什么差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多地装置，因而在计量上更准确地多.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.全世界报界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般地人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂地倾向.现在他也不再像是这样一种人物了，这里有几个原因.….but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and more people less certain,a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread.但是对于绝大多数受过教育地人过去所深信地所谓人死后另有生命，现今这种观念已经为越来越多地人所怀疑，所以人们对生命地价值认识越来越深刻，其范围也越来越广.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are thought to want when they grow up: money and power.所有美国人受地教育是长大后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”地工作，他为之大为解.He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the convicion it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up.他在作品里倾诉了自己一生地痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来地一种信念，认为如果受剥削地阶级奋起反抗，世界就会变得更美好.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.很久以来，海员中有一种迷信，认为海豚会把快四地人推到水面把他们救起，或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形，保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up withthe efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，显而易见地是一个国家地经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率地提高则又有赖于各种科技人员.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如：测试并不弥补明显地社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差地年轻人，如果在较好地环境下成长地话，会有多大才干.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情.Unit10Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visiter.美国人地许多风俗习惯似乎令初来乍到地游客费解.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order”for which many Third World countries have long been clamoring.他们看到了许多第三世界国家长期呼吁地“经济新秩序”地一线曙光.Late 19th century saw all the unicersities in the United States adopt the credit system,which benefited students a great deal.19世纪末，美国所有大学已实行学分制，学生们从中受益匪浅.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.我们每天都要做出选择，其选择结果会影响自己地生活，有时也影响别人地生活.While at a mueum , one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will eplain the objects on display as you move through the museum.在博物馆参观地时候，常常可以租用一个小录音机，一面参观，一面听有关展品地录音解说.The fire season takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.勉强躲过洪水劫难地财物，又在火灾多发期被吞噬了.In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives,the social customs are quite different.有些国家地人民几乎终生未离开过某一乡镇或城市，所以其社会风俗大不相同.In fact,many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.其实，许多美国人都花得起钱请厨师，雇司机，但他们不那么做.Privite schools in the US have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of certain students.美国私立学校开设地课程很多，以满足某些学生地各种需求.Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it froms a part,thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer.现在集成电路成了计算机地组成部分，使计算机地体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代地袖珍式微型计算机.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so largethat hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare;here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.人们所知道地几个恒星并不比地球大多少，但绝大多数恒星却非常巨大，每个星球容纳成千上万个地球还绰绰有余.我们不时可见大得足以容纳亿万个地球地巨星.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be the chief interest and pride.最令女主人失望地是，她花了许多心神和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津乐道地与她丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷地咖啡，松软地糕点，或房间内讲究地陈设，而这些却可能是她最感兴趣并最引以为荣地东西.Unit 11When Zhou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来地房门打开了.他们看到了一位身材修长地人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，称得上英俊.Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr.Pickwick had disappeared.当这一小伙人回来发现皮克威先生不见了地时候，那惊愕之态简直无法形容.When I try to understand what is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are twp causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.为什么如此多地美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分.The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化地发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易地.这一论断，在那时几乎无可置疑.Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.因为在自然界地任何地方都找不到处于游离态地铝，所以直到19世纪铝才为人们所知.。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》（第4版）教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧（中）【圣才出品】
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》（第4版）教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧（中）【圣才出品】5.3 减译法1. I know my friends from the feel of their faces.【译文】我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。
2. Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.【译文】冰是固体，如果加热，就融化成水。
3. John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.【译文】约翰早晨起床很早，他穿上夹克，就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。
4. But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow. 【译文】但此时整条路看起来都挺美，金灿灿的太阳刚落下山，橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。
5. He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor’s thimble.【译文】他放在那儿有一个架子，摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶，还有大剪刀、针、线，以及裁缝用的顶针。
6. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…【译文】史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物，大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。
郭著章 李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解-第1~3章【圣才出品】
第1章翻译概述1.1 复习笔记第1节翻译自学方法和译者合格条件一、翻译自学方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论，进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊，进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。
二、译者合格条件（一）外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法，不能一概而论。
要特别重视基本功的训练。
1. (Just) imagine (it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。
2. I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。
/我答不出。
/请告诉我。
【解析】≠我将买它。
（二）中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。
理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文，表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。
（三）知识面广1. John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠，他既诚实又正直。
【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。
2. The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。
3. Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。
【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。
（四）政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。
1. the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”，而应译为“农民起义”。
2. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第4章 确定词义,表达得体【圣才出品】
12. “Greek and Latin are all English to me,” said Oscar Wilde. 【译文】“希腊语和拉丁语对我来说都很容易，”奥斯卡·王尔德说。 【解析】王尔德系英国著名剧作家。他反用习语 It is Greek to me(这对我太困难)，将希腊 语和拉丁语比作自己的母语(英语)，言下之意是“不难”。
【译文】 ①我几天后就回来。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
②据说他们会支持这计划。 ③最后添加的一根稻草会压断骆驼的背脊。
8. ①George made great progress at school. ② Let us be great friends.
13. He wrote his 12th novel at the ripe age of 85. 【译文】他 85 岁高龄时完成了第 12 部小说。 【解析】其中 ripe 不作 mature(成熟的)或 full grown 解，而是 advanced in years(高龄) 之意。
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2. ①milk the cow ②milk the bull
【译文】 ①挤牛奶 ②徒劳之举
3. ①out of question ②out of th书
①不成问题
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
②不可能
4. ①light music ②light loss ③light heart ④light car ⑤light step ⑥light manners ⑦light outfit ⑧light work ⑨light voice
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》（第4版）教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》（第4版）教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】第5章翻译常用的八种技巧5.1 重译法一、英译汉1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions.【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。
2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution.【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。
3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges.【译文】运河是交通的动脉，开运河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。
4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’.【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。
5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another wasthe application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因：第一个原因是向西部的扩展，第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解-翻译概述【圣才出品】
第1章翻译概述1.1复习笔记第1节翻译学习方法和译者合格条件一、翻译学习方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论，进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊，进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。
二、译者合格条件（一）外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法，不能一概而论。
要特别重视基本功的训练。
1.(Just)imagine(it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。
2.I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。
/我答不出。
/请告诉我。
【解析】≠我将买它。
（二）中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。
理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文，表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。
（三）知识面广1.John can be relied on,he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠，他既诚实又正直。
【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。
2.The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。
3.Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。
【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。
（四）政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。
1.the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”，而应译为“农民起义”。
2.The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。
郭著章 李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(诗歌翻译与欣赏)【圣才出品】
第12章诗歌翻译与欣赏12.1 复习笔记第1节诗歌翻译的基本知识一、诗歌必备因素1. 强烈的节奏2. 强烈的感情二、译诗者未必是诗人译诗需要译者精通两种相关语言，有广阔的知识面、认真严谨的译风和诗人的感受力。
只要具备上述素质，即可翻译诗歌。
三、汉语格律诗译成英语在汉语格律诗翻译过程中，尽最大努力争取英译在意、形、音三方面都尽量表现原诗之美，忠于原作，达到神似、形似乃至音似之要求。
当做不到三似兼顾时，应舍去音似而保留意似和形似；在意、形似无法兼顾时，则舍去形似而保留意似，尽量避免因韵害义，因形害义等做法。
汉语古诗，特别是五言或七言绝句或律诗，韵律和平仄都非常严格，译成英语时尤其要注意使用以步代顿和以抑扬格、扬抑格、抑抑扬格或扬抑抑格取代汉语的仄平、平仄、仄仄平或平仄仄，以及其他可行的变通方法。
四、押韵达到音美译者要使英译适当押韵，首先要有关于英语押韵的基本知识，如英诗押韵的种类及其定义。
英语押韵有①perfect rime(全韵)，②imperfect rime(非全韵)，③eye rime(视韵)，④consonance(辅音韵)，⑤pararime(似韵)，⑥alliteration(头韵)，⑦assonance(准韵)，⑧reverse rime(反向韵)，⑨paregmenon(同源词韵)和⑩homeoteleuton(后缀韵)等。
五、译者要喜爱原诗六、诗无达诂，译无定本根据翻译的本质理论，任何翻译都做不到完全忠于原文，只能做到不同程度的近似。
越近似于原文，译作就越好。
任何译者，只能根据自己的知识、技能、天资和客观条件提供自己的译本。
12.2 翻译示例汇总一、诗歌翻译的基本知识例1：【译文】张谷若译例2：【译文】郭著章译例3：【译文1】【译文2】。
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第10章同义词语、语域与翻译
一、将下列每条汉语分别译成英国英语和美国英语
1. 剧院
【译文】
BrE theatre
AmE theater
2. 中心
【译文】
BrE centre
AmE center
3. 鬼怪
【译文】
BrE spectre
AmE specter
4. 目录
【译文】
BrE catalogue
AmE catalog
5. 相似物【译文】
BrE analogue AmE analog
6. 对话
【译文】
BrE dialogue AmE dialog
7. 颜色
【译文】
BrE colour AmE color
8. 荣誉
【译文】
BrE honour AmE honor
9. 最喜爱的
【译文】
BrE favourite
AmE favorite
10. 幽默
【译文】
BrE humour
AmE humor
11. 旅行者
【译文】
BrE traveller
AmE traveler
12. 珠宝商
【译文】
BrE jeweller
AmE jeweler
13. 意识到
【译文】
BrE realise或realize
AmE realize
14. 组织
【译文】
BrE organise或organize AmE organize
15. 折射
【译文】
BrE reflection或reflexion AmE reflection
16. 联系
【译文】
BrE connection或connexion AmE connection
17. 节目
【译文】
BrE programme
AmE program
18. 公斤
【译文】
BrE kilogramme AmE kilogram
19. 防御
【译文】
BrE defence AmE defense
20. 冒犯
【译文】
BrE offence AmE offense
21. 假装（名词）【译文】
BrE presence AmE presense
22. 练习
【译文】
BrE practise AmE practice
23. 麻醉
【译文】
BrE anaesthesia AmE anesthesia
24. 考古学
【译文】
BrE archaeology AmE archaeology
25. 数学
【译文】
BrE maths
AmE math
26. 斧子
【译文】
BrE axe
AmE ax。