写作 第二章 2 图表作文
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X句具体介绍数字。
第一句作用： ①总括变化趋势 (有时间变化的图，如 line graph和 bar chart 的升降、波动等）；或 ②包含哪几种数据（没时间变化的图，如 pie chart 和 table 的组成部分）。 X句数据介绍3要点： ① 按照一定的逻辑顺序介绍数据 ② 4类关键信息： 最大-最小-变化-交叉（主要是线图） 还有：起点-拐点-终点 信息也值得注意 ③ 可作取舍，不必面面俱到，视时间而定 注意：主体段时态由题目的时间决定。
表示时间推移的短语（熟记）：
At first, (=initially) Then, After that, From this point onwards, Finally (=eventually) …
表示趋势的短语-动词（熟记）：
数字趋势动词
1.上升趋势: rise, go up, 2.下降趋势: fall, sink, drop, dip, reduce, go down 3.保持不变: remain steady, show no/little change 4.波动: fluctuate
常用句型
W Skills
RITING
1) The table / chart / diagram/ graph shows / describes / illustrates/ indicates/ outlines/ compares / summarizes ______. 2) According to / As shown in / As can be seen from the table / chart / diagram/ graph, ________. 3) It can be seen from / We can see from / It is clear from / It is apparent from the table / chart/ diagram / graph that _______.
相似 More or less alike, roughly the same Show great resemblance … is basically the same as…
数据的比较 情况不同
be different from = be of great difference be distinguished from be contrary to differ from vary from A, unlike / as opposed to / as distinct from B, has … A is in stark contrast with B. A shows a quite different pattern. The pattern appears to be slightly different.
表示趋势的短语-其它（熟记）：
1.最高点: peak at, reach the highest point at, 2.最低点: bottom out at, reach the bottom at, the lowest point at 3.达到多少（量）: reach, arrive at, amount to, hit, stand at 4.占多少（比例） : account for, make up, occupy, represent, constitute 5.预测（会有）多少: predict, expect, forecast 句型为： A is predicted/ expected/forecasted to reach…
主体段 写作
主体段的布局
一般来说，一张图表如果只有一个对象，正文
可以只写一段。如果图表中包含两个对象，则 分两段来写。对于三个对象以上的图表，应把 相似的对象归类在一起。
遇到一道题中出现两个或两个以上的图表，则
通常一个图用一段来描述。
一般两至三段为宜。
主体段：1+X句，第一句总体概括，
数据的比较 倍数
1. A is … times + as + adj.原级 + as B. 2. A is … times + adj.比较级 + than B. 3. A is … times + the size/length/height/width + of
B. 4. The size/length/height/width of A is … times of B. 5. The + N. + is … times + what从句
【改写】 The two line graphs (given) illustrate/show/ demonstrate/outline/describe the percentage of the influence of treatment in two kinds/ categories of cancer in females.
数据的比较 多于、少于
多于 more than, over, above surpass, exceed
少于 less than, fewer than below, under, within
数据的比较 情况相同
相同 be identical / the same with The same is true of … A similar situation was seen in ....
练习2 【原文】 The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education should be shared. 【改写】 The two charts illustrate the outcomes of an investigation of adult education. The bar chart describes the reasons why adults decide to study, while the pie chart outlines people’s opinion about the cost shares of adult education .
2. 构思
确定段落结构； 以合理的逻辑顺序描述重要信息和变化趋势
3. 写作
掌握常用表达、逻辑衔接词和转乘短语
4. 检查
字数、拼写、时态、语法
图表作文的结构
第一 第二 第三 开头段（引题） 主体段（描述图表） 结尾段（得出结论）
开头段 写作
开头段：1-2句，转述原题
转述原题3法：
①添加单词 ②删除单词 ③替换单词
趋势动词替换
1.上升趋势: increase, grow, climb, ascend ( jump, surge, soar, shoot up ) 2.下降趋势: decline, decrease, descend ( plunge, slump) 3.保持不变: level off/out at, stabilize at, reach a plateau at
表示趋势的短语-形容词（熟记）：
1.速度快: sharp, rapid, dramatic, drastic
2.速度慢: gradual, slow, steady, gentle
3.幅度大: significant, substantial, marked
4.幅度小: slight, modest, moderate 注意: ① 以上加 ly 均为副词。 ② 表示分别的副词是 respectively。
5种图表类型
表格
Table 线图(直线/曲线) Line graph 柱状图(条形图) Bar chart 饼图 Pie chart 流程图 Flow chart / process diagram
Learn the new while reviewing the old
图表作文3个要求
第一
第二
客观性
准确性
不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。
数据要求精确（不抄错），可以合理目测（大概 数值）。
第三
详尽性
4类特征数据一定介绍：最大值（maximum）， 最小值（minimum），交叉点（intersection）， 变化趋势（trend）。
源自文库
写作步骤
1. 审题
看懂图表：题干信息、图表类型、图表信息（坐标轴、 项目类别、图例、单位、数值）
描述数据变化的三种句式
1）变化的主体+动词 （+副词）
a. The number of cinema admission dropped slightly from 1957 to 1974. b. The number of television licenses remained stable from 1957 to 1974. 2) There be + 形容词+名词+ in + 变化的主体 a. There was a significant decrease in the number of television licenses from 1957 to 1974. b. There was little change in the number of television licensees from 1957 to 1974. 3) 时间 + saw +形容词+ 名词+ in +变化的主体 The last 17 years saw the sharp decline in cinema admission.
（注意：改动不需过多，3-4处，即可）
原题一句变两句，两句变一句。 全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。 开头段的时态：永远一般现在时
练习1
【原文】 The following graphs indicate the proportion of the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women.
第二章 第2节
图表作文
How to describe tables and Charts?
图表作文简介
● 写作时间: 20min
● 字数要求: at least 150 words
● 评分标准: (IELTS) Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy
数据的比较 倍数
Practice 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。 This table is three times as big as that one. This table is twice bigger than that one. This table is three times the size of that one. The size of this table is three times of that one. 今年的产量是2006年的三倍。 The output of this year is three times what it was in 2006.
练习3
【原文】 The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university. 【改写】 The diagram gives a breakdown（明细表） about different attitudes among undergraduate and postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK college in the year 2004.
第一句作用： ①总括变化趋势 (有时间变化的图，如 line graph和 bar chart 的升降、波动等）；或 ②包含哪几种数据（没时间变化的图，如 pie chart 和 table 的组成部分）。 X句数据介绍3要点： ① 按照一定的逻辑顺序介绍数据 ② 4类关键信息： 最大-最小-变化-交叉（主要是线图） 还有：起点-拐点-终点 信息也值得注意 ③ 可作取舍，不必面面俱到，视时间而定 注意：主体段时态由题目的时间决定。
表示时间推移的短语（熟记）：
At first, (=initially) Then, After that, From this point onwards, Finally (=eventually) …
表示趋势的短语-动词（熟记）：
数字趋势动词
1.上升趋势: rise, go up, 2.下降趋势: fall, sink, drop, dip, reduce, go down 3.保持不变: remain steady, show no/little change 4.波动: fluctuate
常用句型
W Skills
RITING
1) The table / chart / diagram/ graph shows / describes / illustrates/ indicates/ outlines/ compares / summarizes ______. 2) According to / As shown in / As can be seen from the table / chart / diagram/ graph, ________. 3) It can be seen from / We can see from / It is clear from / It is apparent from the table / chart/ diagram / graph that _______.
相似 More or less alike, roughly the same Show great resemblance … is basically the same as…
数据的比较 情况不同
be different from = be of great difference be distinguished from be contrary to differ from vary from A, unlike / as opposed to / as distinct from B, has … A is in stark contrast with B. A shows a quite different pattern. The pattern appears to be slightly different.
表示趋势的短语-其它（熟记）：
1.最高点: peak at, reach the highest point at, 2.最低点: bottom out at, reach the bottom at, the lowest point at 3.达到多少（量）: reach, arrive at, amount to, hit, stand at 4.占多少（比例） : account for, make up, occupy, represent, constitute 5.预测（会有）多少: predict, expect, forecast 句型为： A is predicted/ expected/forecasted to reach…
主体段 写作
主体段的布局
一般来说，一张图表如果只有一个对象，正文
可以只写一段。如果图表中包含两个对象，则 分两段来写。对于三个对象以上的图表，应把 相似的对象归类在一起。
遇到一道题中出现两个或两个以上的图表，则
通常一个图用一段来描述。
一般两至三段为宜。
主体段：1+X句，第一句总体概括，
数据的比较 倍数
1. A is … times + as + adj.原级 + as B. 2. A is … times + adj.比较级 + than B. 3. A is … times + the size/length/height/width + of
B. 4. The size/length/height/width of A is … times of B. 5. The + N. + is … times + what从句
【改写】 The two line graphs (given) illustrate/show/ demonstrate/outline/describe the percentage of the influence of treatment in two kinds/ categories of cancer in females.
数据的比较 多于、少于
多于 more than, over, above surpass, exceed
少于 less than, fewer than below, under, within
数据的比较 情况相同
相同 be identical / the same with The same is true of … A similar situation was seen in ....
练习2 【原文】 The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education should be shared. 【改写】 The two charts illustrate the outcomes of an investigation of adult education. The bar chart describes the reasons why adults decide to study, while the pie chart outlines people’s opinion about the cost shares of adult education .
2. 构思
确定段落结构； 以合理的逻辑顺序描述重要信息和变化趋势
3. 写作
掌握常用表达、逻辑衔接词和转乘短语
4. 检查
字数、拼写、时态、语法
图表作文的结构
第一 第二 第三 开头段（引题） 主体段（描述图表） 结尾段（得出结论）
开头段 写作
开头段：1-2句，转述原题
转述原题3法：
①添加单词 ②删除单词 ③替换单词
趋势动词替换
1.上升趋势: increase, grow, climb, ascend ( jump, surge, soar, shoot up ) 2.下降趋势: decline, decrease, descend ( plunge, slump) 3.保持不变: level off/out at, stabilize at, reach a plateau at
表示趋势的短语-形容词（熟记）：
1.速度快: sharp, rapid, dramatic, drastic
2.速度慢: gradual, slow, steady, gentle
3.幅度大: significant, substantial, marked
4.幅度小: slight, modest, moderate 注意: ① 以上加 ly 均为副词。 ② 表示分别的副词是 respectively。
5种图表类型
表格
Table 线图(直线/曲线) Line graph 柱状图(条形图) Bar chart 饼图 Pie chart 流程图 Flow chart / process diagram
Learn the new while reviewing the old
图表作文3个要求
第一
第二
客观性
准确性
不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。
数据要求精确（不抄错），可以合理目测（大概 数值）。
第三
详尽性
4类特征数据一定介绍：最大值（maximum）， 最小值（minimum），交叉点（intersection）， 变化趋势（trend）。
源自文库
写作步骤
1. 审题
看懂图表：题干信息、图表类型、图表信息（坐标轴、 项目类别、图例、单位、数值）
描述数据变化的三种句式
1）变化的主体+动词 （+副词）
a. The number of cinema admission dropped slightly from 1957 to 1974. b. The number of television licenses remained stable from 1957 to 1974. 2) There be + 形容词+名词+ in + 变化的主体 a. There was a significant decrease in the number of television licenses from 1957 to 1974. b. There was little change in the number of television licensees from 1957 to 1974. 3) 时间 + saw +形容词+ 名词+ in +变化的主体 The last 17 years saw the sharp decline in cinema admission.
（注意：改动不需过多，3-4处，即可）
原题一句变两句，两句变一句。 全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。 开头段的时态：永远一般现在时
练习1
【原文】 The following graphs indicate the proportion of the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women.
第二章 第2节
图表作文
How to describe tables and Charts?
图表作文简介
● 写作时间: 20min
● 字数要求: at least 150 words
● 评分标准: (IELTS) Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy
数据的比较 倍数
Practice 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。 This table is three times as big as that one. This table is twice bigger than that one. This table is three times the size of that one. The size of this table is three times of that one. 今年的产量是2006年的三倍。 The output of this year is three times what it was in 2006.
练习3
【原文】 The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university. 【改写】 The diagram gives a breakdown（明细表） about different attitudes among undergraduate and postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK college in the year 2004.