九年级上册被动语态讲解及练习

被动语态

一、被动语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）

The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）

1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）

English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。

The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。

2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)

The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。

My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

3．一般将来时(will/ shall be +done)

A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。

4．过去将来时(would/should be +done)

I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

5. 现在进行时(am/ is/ are being +done)

The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。

6. 过去进行时(was/ were being +done)

The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。

7．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)

Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。

8. 过去完成时：(had been + done)

He had been told many times not to be late. 他被告诉好多次不要迟到了。

三、被动语态的用法

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.

1．主语+谓语+宾语

练习：将下列各句改为被动语态。

1.He plants trees in spring.

2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.

3.They make shoes in that factory.

4.They bought ten computers last term．

5.Amy can take good care of Gina ．

6.We are painting the rooms.

7.The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

8.They will send cars abroad by sea.

9.Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

10.When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

主动语态变被动语态口诀：

宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。

注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer ______ been bought.

2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.）

1. My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

→（1）I was given a present on my birthday.

→（2）A present was given to me yesterday.