《英汉互译实践与技巧》第十三章 科技英语翻译

4. Acronym首字母缩略
• ADP automatic data processing 自动数据处理
• AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病
• EDPM electronic data processing machine 电子数据处理机
• MOUSE minimum orbital unmanned satellite of the earth (仪 表载重50 公斤以下的) 不载人的最小人造地球卫星
Ⅲ. Methods Employed in the Translation of EST
科技英语的翻译方法
3、Converting Attributive Elements into Independent Sentences, Adverbial Clauses, etc.
• This is an electrical method, which is most promising when the water is brackish. 这是一种电气方法。当水含盐时，它最有希望。
2、Converting Noun Phrases into Verb-object Structures
• The building of these giant iron and steel works will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country. 建立这些大型钢铁厂会大大加速我国钢铁工业的发展。
5、Different Uses of the Tense
• When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when me steam was formed. 当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其原来形 成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。
Ⅰ. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成
3. Blending 缩合法 • smog = smoke + fog 烟雾 • brunch = breakfast + lunch 早午餐/晚早餐 • telex = teleprinter + exchange 电传 • gravisphere = gravity + sphere 引力范围 • medicare = medical + care 医疗保健 • biorhythm = biological + rhythm 生理节奏 • copytron = copy + electron 电子复写(技术)
Ⅱ. Characteristics Syntax of EST
科技英语的句法特点
6、The Post-Position of the Attributive
• The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the same height. 向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高 度。
corporation) • Kuru 库鲁病(derived from a place in eastern New
Guinea) • Alfven wave 阿尔文波(derived from the Swedish
astrophysicist Hannes Alfven)
Ⅱ. Characteristics Syntax of EST
Ⅲ. Methods of Translating EST
科技英语的翻译方法
1、Expanding Noun Phrases into Separate Clauses
• The slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide film allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes. 氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性，因此可以用有机或无机 染料着色。
科技英语的翻译方法
5、Supplementing Necessary Words to Indicate Different
Tenses
• It was understood that atoms were the smallest elements. It is known now that atoms are further divided into nuclei and electrons, neutrons and protons, etc. 以前人们认为原子是最小的结构单元，现在才知道原子 还可以分为原子核与电子、中子与质子等。
Ⅱ. Characteristics Syntax of EST
科技英语的句法特点
2、High Frequency of Noun Phrases (More Nominalization)
• All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.
• Chinese Version: 人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是一种叫做"乳胶"的白色乳 状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运 往世界各国 。
• Scientific English:
Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried, before being dispatched to countries all over the world.
• Chinese Version: 天然橡胶 一种 叫做"乳胶"的 白色乳状液体取自橡胶树。 在运 往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。
4、More Non-Finite Forms of the Verb
• Today the electronic computer is widely used hi solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 今天，电子计算机广泛地用于解决一些数学问题，这 些问题与天气预报和把卫星送人轨道有关。
科技英语的句法特点
1、More Long and Complicated Sentences
• One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problems, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and m concentrating on the main issues. 经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建立 分析模型。这种模型有 助于认识管理问题的构成， 排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精力 去解决主要的问题。
• miniultrasonicprober = mini + ultra + sonic +prober微型超声 波金属探伤仪
• macrospacetransship = macro + space + trans + ship 巨型空间 转运飞船
• teletypesetter= tele + type + setter 电传排宇机 • bathythermograph = bathy + thermo + graph 海水测温仪 • barothermograph = baro + thermo + graph 气压温度记录
第十三讲 科技英语翻译
一、教学重点：
1. 英语技术词语的构成 2. 科技英语的翻译方法
二、教学内容：
1. 英语技术词语的构成 2. 科技英语的句法特点 3. 科技英语的翻译方法
Ⅰ. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成
1. Affixation 缀合法：prefix and suffix
4、Converting the Passive into the Active
• Plants and trees are provided by nature with four means of dispersing their seeds. 大自然赋予草木4 种传播种子的方法。
Ⅲ. Methods Employed in the Translation of EST
• SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈
• SNAP subsystem for nuclear auxiliary power (原子)核辅助动 力子系统
• AS air scoop 空气收集器
•
air seasoned 风干的(木材)
•
airspeed 空速、气流速率
2. Compounding复合法
• Combining with a hyphen：salt-former卤素，dewpoint露点，pulse-sealer 脉冲定标器
• combining without a hyphen: fallout放射性尘埃， hovercraft气垫船，waterlock 水闸，thunderstorm 雷暴
• Poor Translation: 只要有足够的电位差，所有物体都允许一些电流通过。
• Idiomatic Translation: 只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。
3、 Extensive Use of he Passive Voice • General English：
People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex. They mix it with acid, and d y it, and then they send it to countries all over the world.
• two or more separate words forming a word combination: verbal translator逐字翻译机, satellite antimissile observation system 卫星反导弹观察系统
• bull’ s eye (靶心)，cat-and-mouse (航向与指挥的)， dog house (高频高压电源屏蔽罩)
器 • deoxyribonucleic = de + oxy + ribo + nucleic 脱氧核糖核
的 • photomoiphogenesis = photo + morpho + genesis 光形态发
生
Ⅰ. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成
•
air station 航空站、飞机场
• American Standard 美国标准
• atmosphere and space 大气层与宇宙空间
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Ⅰ. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成
5. Proper Nouns专有名词 • Xerox 静电复制(derived from a trademark) • IBM System IBM 系统(derived from a US