机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语_Unit 06 Manufacturing Process (1)

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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• It is interesting to note that much of the evolution in manufacturing has come as a response to particular changes during different period. • 有意思的是，制造业的许多发展都对应于 不同历史时期的特定的变化。
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• This increased demand meant that manufacturing could no longer be treated [tri:tɪd] as a blacksmith trade [treid], and the use of scientific study was employed in manufacturing analysis.
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• The automation that Ford developed was built into the hardware, and Ford realized that significant demand was necessary to offset the initial development and production costs of such systems. • 福特开发的自动化是建立在硬件中的，福 特意识到需要大量的需求来抵消这种系统 的初始开发和生产成本。
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• The U.S. Air Force recognized [„rekəɡnaɪzd] the development time required to produce this special equipment and that the time required to make only small sequence changes was excessive [ɪkˈsɛsɪv]. • 美国空军意识到，用来生产这些专用设备 的研发时间和用来仅作程序小改变的时间 都是很长的(过多的)。
7
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• The result of Taylor‟s metal-cutting experiments was the development of the Taylor tool-life equation that is still used in industry [ˈɪndəstri] today. • 泰勒的金属切削实验最终导致了泰勒刀具 寿命公式的发现，该公式目前仍然被工业 界所采用。
6
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Taylor also conducted [kənˈdʌktɪd] metal cutting experiments at the Midvale Steel Company that lasted 26 years and produced 400 tons of metal chips. • 泰勒还在米德韦尔钢铁公司进行金属切削 试验，该项试验长达26年之久并生产了近 400吨重的金属铁屑。
3
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• During the early 1900s, the improving U.S. standard of living brought a new high in personal wealth. The major result was the increased demand for durable [ˈdʊrəbl] goods. • 20世纪初美国日益提高的生活水平将个人 财富带到一个新的高度。这种现象主要影 响就是对耐用消费品的需求的增长。
• 日益增长的需求意味着制造业不再是简单 的手工作坊式的行业，而应该在制造业中 引入科学化的研究手段。
5
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Taylor pioneered studies in “scientific management” in which methods for production by both men and machines were studied. • 泰勒开创了“科学管理”的研究，透过人 员和机器研究生产的方法。
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Since then, digital computers have been used to produce input either in a directed manner to many NC machines, direct numerical control (DNC), or in a more dedicated control sense, computer numerical control (CNC). • 从那时起，数字计算机就被用来当做输入 设备，要么以直接方式输入到NC设备中， 直接数字控制（DNC），要么用更专用的 控制传感，即计算机数字控制（CNC）。
Manufacturing Process
word
• • • • • • • Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造 blacksmith n. 锻工，铁匠 adaptive [əˈdæptɪv] adj. (自)适应的 assembly [əˈsembli] n. ; v. 装配 evolve [iˈvɔlv] v. 进化，发展，进展 commission [kəˈmiʃən] n. ; v. 代理，委托，委任 tangential [tænˈdʒenʃəl] adj. 切线的，肤浅的，略 为触及的
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• As a result, the Air Force commissioned the Massachusetts [ˌmæsə„tʃu:sɪts] Institute of Technology to demonstrate [ˈdɛmənˌstret] programmable or numerically controlled (NC) machines (also known as “softwired” machines) . With this first demonstration in 1952 came the beginning of a new era [ˈɪrə] in manufacturing. • 因此，美国空军委托麻省理工学院开发(展示) 可编程的数字化控制器，也称“软连线”设备。 1952年的这次首创开始了制造业的新纪元。
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• This tool-life equation is still the basis of determining economic metal cutting and has been used in adaptive controlled machining. • 刀具使用寿命仍然作为最基本的判断金属 切削经济与否的依据。同时，该刀具寿命 公式还被用于自适应控制加工。
1
Manufacturing Process
word
• • • • distribute [disˈtribju:t] v. 分布 mass-production techniques 大批量生产技术 economy of scale 规模经济 versus [ˈvə:səs] prep. 与„„比较，„„对„„， 作为„„的函数 • semiautomatic ['semiɔ:tə'mætik] adj. 半自动的 • manual [ˈmænjuəl] adj. 手工的
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Ford felt that every American family should have an automobile, and if they could be manufactured inexpensively enough then every family would buy one. Several mechanisms were developed at Ford to accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit] assembly lines. • 福特认为每个美国家庭都应该拥有一辆汽车。 如果能将汽车的价格降低到人们的购买力水平 上(他们制造的汽车足够廉价的话)，那么每个 家庭就会购买一辆汽车。福特公司开发了一些 设备（机械装置）以适应装配生产线。
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Today, machine control languages such as APT (Automatic Programming Tool) have become the standard for creating tool control for NC machines. • 如今，机床控制语言比如说自动编程工具 ， 已经成为数控机床创建工具控制的标准了。
2
Manufacturing Process
Computer-Aided manufacturing 计算机辅 助制造（技术） The scientific study of metal-cutting and automation techniques is products of the twentieth century ['sentʃuri]. Two pioneers [,paiə'niəs] of these techniques were Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford. 从科学上进行研究金属切削和自动化技术 研究起始于第二十世纪。这些技术的先驱 者是弗雷德里克．泰勒和亨利.福特。
13
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• For some time, strides [straɪd] to reduce human involvement in manufacturing were being taken. Specialty [‟speʃəlti] machines using cams and other “hardwired” logic controllers had been developed. • 长期以来，人们一直致力于减少制造过程 中的人为参与。已经开发出了采用凸轮和 其他“硬连线”逻辑控制器的专用设备。
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Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Henry Ford‟s contributions took a different turn from Taylor‟s. Ford refined [ri‟faind] and developed the use of assembly lines for the major component manufacturer of his automobile. • 亨利.福特的研究成果与泰勒不同。福特优 化和开发了装配生产线的应用，这种装配 生产线应用于他的汽车主要零部件的制造。
12
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Although manufacturing industries continued Байду номын сангаасo evolve, it was not until the 1950s that the next major development occurred. • 虽然制造业的研发一直持续不断，但新的 一轮大发展是在20世纪50年代才出现的。