小学英语语法专题二:七大句型
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小升初语法讲义---句子分类
陈述句
知识精要
1.陈述句句型的理解和综合运用
2. 肯定陈述句和否定陈述句的变形及应用
要点讲练
一、陈述句的概念
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。如:
I’m a student. I like dogs. I’m not a teacher.
二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法
陈述句可分为“肯定陈述句”和“否定陈述句”两种,简称为肯定句和否定句。
1、肯定句
在英语中,一般情况下,肯定句的基本结构为:主+谓+其他,例如:
主语一般包括人称代词或名词:I ,you, he ,she,dog, cat, some books等.
物主代词:this, that, 等。
谓语一般就是动词:be动词:is, are, am
助动词:do, does
行为动词:like, eat 等
Eg. Mr. Walker is an Englishman. 华克先生是英国人。
I am a tall boy. 我是一个高的男孩。
He does his homework. 他做他的作业。
2、否定句
否定句的基本形式包括以下两种:
(1)在系动词am, is, are,助动词do, does, did,及情态动词will, would,can, could, may, might, shall, should, must等后面加上“not”。例如:
①句子中有be动词, 后直接加not,例如:
Eg. I am not (I’m not) a good swimmer. 我不是一个游泳的好手。
He is not (isn’t) a doctor. 他不是一个医生
It is not (isn't) raining outside. 外面没有在下雨。
②情态动词will, would ,can, could, may, might, shall, should, must 后面加上“not”。例如:
Eg. I won't do it again. 我不再做这种事。
The old man cannot find his way home. 那个老人找不到回家的路。 I couldn't sleep last night. 昨夜我无法入睡。 ③使用助动词“do”的否定句
一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:do (does, did )+not + V (原形动词),
肯定句、否定句的互换:
非单三时用do, 单三时用does
肯定句:I like
否定句:
肯定句:He likes English.
否定句:
Eg. I don't know her very well. 我并不很了解她。
He doesn't like Chinese tea very much. 他并不很喜欢中国茶。
She didn't come to school this morning. 今天早上她没有来上学。
Don't believe him. 不要相信他的话。 小口诀:
(2)使用“not”以外的否定词
①使用副词:never ,seldom ,hardly ,little ,neither 等。
Eg. She never comes to school late. 她上学从不迟到。
She seldom comes to see me. 她不常来看我。
①使用形容词:no, few, little 等。
Eg. I have no brothers. (=I don’t have brothers. ) 我没有兄弟。 1、变否定,找be 、can, be 、can 后边加not
2、无be 、无can 找动词,动词前边加don ’t/doesn ’t, 后面动词用原形
Eg : 肯定句 否定句
David watches TV every evening. David doesn ’t watch TV every evening.
She is buying some food in the shop. She isn ’t buying some food in the shop
He can play the piano. He can ’t play the piano.
He has few friends in Hong Kong. 他在香港几乎没有朋友。
①使用代词:nothing,nobody, none等。
Eg. I know nothing about computer. 对于电脑我一窍不通。
I found nobody in that house. 在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。
小贴士
否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:
He is honest. 他是诚实的。
He is dishonest. (=He in not honest. )他不诚实。
They have children. 他们有小孩。
They are childless . =They don't have children. 他们没有小孩。
特殊(肯定句与否定句互换词):
1.some变为any
There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or
I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much
They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet
I have been there already. →I haven't been there yet.
小升初语法讲义---句子分类
There be句式
知识精要
1.There be 句型的理解和综合运用
2. There be 与have 的区别