复合句详细讲解
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【专题八】主从复合句(状从、名从和定从)【考点分析】
状语从句
, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;
2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;
,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;
和until的用法;
, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;
6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;
7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;
8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;
9. in case引导的状语从句;
引导的状语从句;
引导的状语从句。
12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
名词从句
1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;
2.名词从句的语序和时态;
3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;
4.宾语从句的否定转移;
和if的用法区别;
在名词性从句中的使用;
后的名词性从句的使用;
/ whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;
9.连接词that的省略;
定语从句
与which引导的定语从句的区别;
、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;
3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;
4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;
5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;
6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;
way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;
8.含有插入语的定语从句;
9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
【知识点归纳】
I.句子的种类
复习主从复合句时,我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解,才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。
按用途分
按结构分
II.状语从句
状语从句是每年高考必考的内容,在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰,以及倒装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。
1.时间状语从句
由下列连词引导:when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,as soon as,now that,hardly…when,
scarcely…when,no sooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,by the time,the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等
重点内容如下:
①when,while,as引导的时间状语从句
▲as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
▲when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后发生)
▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。
Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are work ing.
He fell asleep while/when reading.
Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”)
②before状语从句的重点句型
▲……之后……才:It was a long time before I got to sleep .
▲不多久……就:It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.
▲不等……就:Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
▲刚……就:He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
▲先……再:You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
③since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时),则从句的动作已经结
束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态,从句意思是肯定的。
▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后,他一直未来看我。(不
在生病了)
▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了,他一直未来看
我。
▲I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.
自从他这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)
▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我们附近以
来,我对他很了解。
▲It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)
▲It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since he joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的,则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其
使用的主句是否肯定的,则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首,只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。
2.原因状语从句
由下列连词引导:as(由于),because(因为), since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)。
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)