阅读专题之主旨大意题讲义
初三中考英语阅读理解专题主旨大意题解题技巧讲义教案(含练习答案)
学员编号: 年级: 课时数:学员姓名: 辅导科目: 英语学科教师:学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）星级★★教学目标掌握选标题和文章内容主旨题答题技巧C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）（建议2-5分钟）A Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end, I could not bear it.I turned round again.'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely.'This is a private conversation!'Questions:1.Tell me the title of this short passage?2.Tell me the main idea of this short passageKEYSTitle: A Private ConversationThe main idea: The writer was misunderstood by a young man and a young woman who was talking at cinema批注:本部分导入目的是为了让学生搞清title/main idea之间的区别, 以便于“夺宝奇兵”部分的讲解Title:An identifying name given to a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work/A general or descriptive heading, as of a book chapter.Main idea: the main contents of the passage, a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work（建议20-25分钟）1I、选择最恰当的标题(to choose the best title)想象一下, 你的中文作文如何拟定一个标题？1.概括文章的主要内容（13年崇明）What was school like in ancient times? In Greece, 2,500 years ago, students used to get up at dawn to go to school.Classes began very early and ended when it was dark.Students didn’t rest on the weekends.They had classes seven days a week, so they didn’t have much time for anything else.In Athens, only the sons of rich people went to school, and they started school around the age of seven.After they learned to read and write, they used to study Greek poems and historical works.Music was very important, and physical training was also important.Teachers used to hit students who didn’t pay attention or were lazy.Girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned how to do housework in the home.In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual (双语) education.They had to study Greek and Latin.Students usually had classes outside, if the weather was good, or in the teacher’s house.Young students sat on the floor.Older students used to sit on benches, higher up.That’s how “high school”got its name. Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.Boys and girls used to attend school, but they were kept in different classes.They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals, but they memorized (记住) everything because there weren’t any textbooks.The boys received intensive military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family.There were two kinds of schools: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.79. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A) Schools in Ancient Times B) Greek Poems and MusicC) Bilingual Education in Rome D) Schools in Ancient MexicoTell me the main idea of every paragraph:The first paragraph:The second paragraph:The third paragraph:批注: 答案: AThe first paragraph:What was school like in ancient times?The second paragraph: In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual(双语) education.The third paragraph: Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.本部分虽然有所介绍, 但是所占篇幅比较少。
第3讲 主旨大意类 讲义
阅读理解篇专题一阅读理解第1讲主旨大意类•主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求，文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
•一、主旨大意题常见的命题方式•1．What is the best title for this passage?•2．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? •3．What's the main idea of the text?•4．The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that___________________. •二、主旨大意题正确选项的特征•1．涵盖性强，覆盖全文。
•2．确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
•3．精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
•叮嘱考生：永远把主旨大意题放在最后做。
因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题目时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都把它作为最后一道题来做。
在做完另外几道题目后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。
•通过文章阅读和其他题目的解答，确定文章的主题词。
文章通常围绕主题词展开，主旨题的正确答案当然要包括文章主题词或主题词的同义改写词。
•第二步确定文章的主题句•主题句常处的四种位置：•1．首段或首句开门见山指出中心或讨论的问题。
•2．文章中间或段落中间给出中心。
•3．文章末段或段落末句对全文进行总结归纳。
•4．文章或段落中不明确给出中心，考生要根据各段中心或各句的内容进行总结，自己推出主旨。
•主题句通常具有下面一些特征：•1．举例子的句子不是主题句，前后句可能是主题句。
阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧+课件-2024届高三下学期英语一复习专项
选择项多为陈述句，
要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。
二、Main purpose型
常见以下几种题干形式：
①What’s the purpose of the passage/paragraph 2? ②The passage is meant to ________. ③The purpose of the article/paragraph 1 is to__. ④In this passage/paragraph 2, the writer tries to tell us that________. ⑤The passage/paragraph 3 tells us that________. ⑥The author’s main purpose in writing the passage/ paragraph 1 is to ________.
Main purpose型： 选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到某句话、某段话或
者某篇文章主要的写作目的。
三、title型
命题形式： ①The best title of the passage is________. ②Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ③The best title for the passage is_______. ④The most appropriate/suitable title of the passage is________.
⑵找主题句的方法：
用浏览法(skimming)， 即快速阅读可能是主题句的句子（文首、 文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等），搜索主 题线索和主题信息。
阅读理解主旨大意题(讲解版)
阅读理解主旨大意题【命题分析】主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占1-2个。
◆主旨大意题的分类1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。
主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。
主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4.常以main idea,best idea,subject,mainly discuss等词提问。
◆常考问题：1.中心思想类The main point/idea of the passageis…The passageis mainly about…The passagemainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…？Which of the following statements best expressesthe main idea of the passage?2.标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passagewould be…3.目的类The author’ｓmain purpose in writing the passageis to…The passageis meant to…．In writing this passage,the author mainly intends to…【名师指导】文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1.中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题(讲义)(原卷版)
专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题(讲义)目录考点阅读理解之主旨大意题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向1 考查文章标题-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向2 考查文章大意-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页考向3 考查段落大意题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页1．命题规律--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页2．常用解题方法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页【题型特训·命题猜测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页猜测考向1 考查文章标题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页猜测考向2 考查文章大意--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页猜测考向3 考查段落大意--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页考点阅读理解之主旨大意题考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解主旨大意题考向分布。
高考英语阅读题之主旨大意课件
considered the seat of higher-order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found
that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain
Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 staled that household garbage is public property once it’s on the streel.
of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to
regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of
those past choices to store in memory.
35. What might be the best title for the text?
… Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings.
阅读理解主旨大意题+课件-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项
3.作者意图类
What is the purpose of this text? What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph1 Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking? What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
稿定PPT，海量素材持续更
4. 设问方式：
新，上千款模板选择总有一
款适合你
1. 大意类：文章大意&段落大意
What is the text mainly about? What is the first/second paragraph mainly about? What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? What is the main idea of the text?
What is paragrapபைடு நூலகம் 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
....... What is the main idea of the text? A. It’s crucial that fathers can have a lasting impact on children. B. Young children can get brilliant childhood with father-engagement. C. Fathers and mothers should share childcare in family early education. D. Young children do better at school if their dads read and play with them.
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
初三中考数学阅读理解专题之主旨大意题讲义教案(含练习答案)
初三中考数学阅读理解专题之主旨大意题讲义教案(含练习答案)一、讲义介绍本讲义旨在帮助初三学生提高解答数学阅读理解题中的主旨大意题的能力。
主旨大意题是中考数学阅读理解中常见的一种题型，要求学生从文章中归纳、概括文章的主要内容或主题。
通过理解和掌握本讲义的知识，学生将能够更好地应对数学阅读理解题，提高中考数学成绩。
二、讲义内容2.1 主旨大意题的定义主旨大意题是要求读者从整体上把握文章的主要内容或主题，归纳、概括文章的要点和观点。
在解答主旨大意题时，需要注意文章的中心思想，关键词和关键句。
2.2 解题方法2.2.1 阅读全文在解答主旨大意题前，首先要通读整篇文章，了解大致内容和结构，把握文章的主旨。
2.2.2 关注关键词和关键句在阅读过程中，要注意文章中出现的关键词和关键句，这些词句一般会提供线索，帮助理解文章的主旨。
2.2.3 概括文章要点通过阅读全文和关注关键词句，可以概括出文章的要点和主题。
2.2.4 排除干扰选项在解答选择题时，应特别注意排除干扰选项，找出与文章主旨无关的选项。
2.3 练题目1. 下列哪个选项最能概括文章的主旨？- A. 文章介绍了一个新的数学公式- B. 文章讲述了一个有趣的数学问题- C. 文章提供了解决一个数学难题的方法- D. 文章分析了数学在日常生活中的应用2. 以下关键句中，哪句最能表达文章的中心思想？- A. "数学是一门有趣且实用的学科。
"- B. "这个数学问题看似复杂，但只需要简单的数学知识就能解答。
"- C. "通过研究数学，我们可以提高解决实际问题的能力。
"- D. "数学公式的推导过程需要一定的数学技巧和思维能力。
"三、练答案1. C2. C以上是初三中考数学阅读理解专题之主旨大意题讲义教案的内容和答案。
希望同学们通过学习和练习，能够掌握解答主旨大意题的技巧，取得更好的考试成绩。
阅读理解主旨大意题教学课件
(3)注意文章的体裁和写作目的。叙事类文章是为了记叙一件事或一个人
物,表达作者的某种感情,所加标题应体现叙事类文章的特点。说明文是为
了说明一个事物或过程,标题应体现说明文的特点。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
常见的提问方式:
What is the best title for the text?
What can be a suitable title for the text?
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
2.凝练标题概括题→准确概括全文,简洁醒目 关键词:★概括全文 ★有针对性 ★简洁醒目 标题的特点是短小精悍,简洁醒目,概括性强,因而标题的拟定应以话题为 中心,遵循“概括性、针对性和醒目性”原则。 选择文章标题时可以使用以下小技巧:①从正面考虑,揣摩哪个选项能准确 概括主旨;②从反面考虑,撇开原文,考虑选项,设想以它们为标题写出的文 章会是什么内容,然后和原文对照,逐一排除;③研读选项的中心词、修饰 词的变化,与原文内容比对。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
常见的提问方式:
Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea
of the passage?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
采取略读法,以搜寻各段主题句为目标,快速扫视全文,把注意力集中在主要信息上, 而不是过分注意细节事实。一般来说,文章的主题或中心会在第一段或最后一段表
明,而某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,还有些文章或段落无明显的主题句, 但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实来
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高三英语阅读主旨大意题阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类•1.标题类试题常见的题干形式•(1) The best title for this passage is .•(2) The suitable headline for this passage may be•(3) The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is .•(4) Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?•2. 文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式•(1) What is the passage mainly about?•(2) The passage talks about ...•(3) The passage tells us that ...•(4) This passage mainly deals with ...•(5) What’s the main idea / topic of the passage?•3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式•(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that .•(2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?•(3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one?•(4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?解题技巧技巧一：识别文体技巧二：找关联词技巧三：找线索技巧四：找高频词技巧一：识别文体•新闻报道On 26 January,Australia Day , in over 200 locations across the nation, more than 9,000 people will become Australian citiziens.“By these citizenship ceremonies we welcome those who have come from overseas from many different cultural and social backgrounds into our communities and our nation,” said the Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs. “ Australia Day celebrations that include people from so many birthplaces are an ezcellent way to encourage tolerance, resp ect and friendship among all the people of Australia.”Most citizenship ceremonies will be followed by displays of singing and dancingfrom many of the migrants’ homelands and the tasting of food from all over the world.Q:On Australia Day,________.A. people sing and dance togetherB. people enjoy Australia foodC. some people from overseas were accepted as the citizens in AustraliaD. people can travel all over AustraliaEg.2Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?Q．What is the main idea ?A. cigarette smoking can cause cancerB. smoking can cause the most serious and terrible disease(illness)C. smoking also can cause other health problemsD. smoking is harmful.Eg.3Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Q:What is mainly discussed in the text?A. Children’s reading difficulties.B. Advantages of raising dogs.C. Service in a public library.D. A special reading program.eg.4If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.Q: The paragraph could be entitled _________.A. Buying A TV SetB. A Selling MethodC. Buyer BewareD. TV On SaleEg.5•Mrs Turner’s telep hone number was 3463;the number of the cinema in her town was 3464, people often made a mistake and telephoned her when they actually wanted the cinema.•One evening the telephone bell rang and Mrs Turner answered it . A tired man’s voice came over the telephone: ”At what time does your last film begin?” ”I’m sorry”, said Mrs Turner, “but you have the wrong number. This is not the cinema.”•“Oh, It began twenty minutes ago, ”said the man.” I’m sorry about that. Well, goodbye.”•Mrs Turner was very surp rised, so she told her husband. He laughed and said,” No, that wasn’t a mistake. The man’s wife wanted to go to the cinema, but he was feeling tired, so he telephoned the cinema. His wife heard him, but she didn’t hear you. Now they will stay at home this evening, and the husband will be happy!”Q: Why was Mrs Turner surprised? Because the tired man _______.A.wanted the cinema but called a wrong number.B.Asked her a silly question which she refused to answerC.Said something that had nothing to do with her answer.D.Was angry with himself for having made a mistake.技巧二：找关联词Eg.6Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance技巧三: 找线索eg.7Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.技巧四:找高频词Eg.9A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city.As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.Q: The passage is mainly about _____.A. the construction of a roadB. the design of a roadC. the construction of two tunnelsD.the design of two tunnels •六．主旨要义题技巧遵循四字原则：精准全新。