新编英语教程1 unit 7

-ing participles
现在分词可用于： ①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ③当形容词，作定语、宾补和表语。 · Falling leaves danced in the air. e.g. I saw many birds flying along the river. The story is very moving.

4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语 表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited


10. —Good morning. Can I help you? —I‘d like to have the package ____, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分 在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只 能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。
-ed participles
过去分词可用于： ①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 e.g. a boy named Tom I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. I‘m interested in English.




7. —How did Bob do in the exams this time? —Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析：根据语法分析可知, seems 在此句中 用作连系动词, 待选部分作表语。 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即 这个结果使他的父亲高兴。因此, 该题应选C。
It takes us about forty-five minutes to go to the station. (The infinitive used as a postponed subject in the pattern it takes … to do something, 不定式做 主语，但须后置，由it作为形式主语放在开头。) ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. It has not been decided yet when to leave for London. It has not been decided yet when we should leave for London.
Non-finite verb / non-predicate verb

Infinitive (不定式): to do -ing, -ed participles
Language Structure
Do you know what to say to a person on his birthday in English? (The infinitive preceded by a wh-word used as the object, ―疑问词不定式”作know的宾 语。) Wh-疑问词后可接不定式构成不定式短语， 在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如： ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语） ②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语） ③The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）



6. The news sounds ____. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：根据语法分析可知， sounds 在此句中 用作连系动词, 待选部分应作表语 ；The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即 消息鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。
Difference between -ing and – ed participles
They are different in terms of voice and tense: -ed: passive, past -ing: active, present The news excited all the audience. It is an exciting news. The young man was excited by the news. He was excited.
1.
以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转 换为相应的从句形式。如： ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语） = When we should leave for London … ②Mr. Smith didn‗t know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语） = … whether he should leave or stay there ③The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语） = The question was where we could get the medicine (that was) needed.

1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰 noise 的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后 到来”，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此， 该题应选B。

常见的可以像know 这样带“疑问词不定式”作 宾语（构成know wh- to do)的动词有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, learn, remember, see, settle, think, consider, understand, wonder等； 有些带双宾语的及物动词也可带“疑问词不定式” 作宾语，如Can you advise me which to buy? 用法如advice的动词有：tell, inform, show, ask等。



3. What‘s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语 表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken


3.
在感官动词后可用不带to的不定式补足语，也可 用分词作宾语，其区别是，不定式宾补表示动 作的完成；分词宾补表示动作正在进行，尚未 完成；另外，动词的不定式表示动作的一次性， 而分词作宾补表示动作的反复。如： I saw a soldier get on the train and disappeared. I saw a soldier getting on the train. She heard the door slam. She heard the door slamming.
4. Would you mind telling the time? (The –ing participle used as the object in the pattern Would you mind …? 动名词作宾 语。) 常带动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, deny, finish, keep, miss, prevent, quit, resist, suggest, prohibit等。





2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn‘t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作 定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词 短语；The Olympic Games是动词 play 的承 受者，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题选 C。




5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语 表达被动，等于定语从句which were written



wk.baidu.com
8. —How did the audience receive the new play? —They got very ____. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析：该题应选B。



9. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知, 待选部分 在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根 据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关 系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。 因此, 该题应选A。
2.
We can see buses come and go in a busy street. (―come‖ and ―go‖ are the bare infinitive used as the object complement, 不带to 的不定式用作宾语补足语。) 用法与see相同的动词通常为感官动词，如： hear, feel, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe, perceive, note等；或少 数使役动词，如let, make, have, bid等。 要注意的是，这些动词用在被动语态中时， 须补上被省略掉的不定式符号to。如： The buses could be seen to come and go in a busy street.