专四考点 修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词

修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词

首先要搞清楚，是修饰可数名词或不可数名词，而不是单数或复数名词。可数名词都有复数形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。

a large deal of, plenty of和a good supply of 在多数情况下修饰不可数名词，如：plenty of water, a great deal of time，不过它们也可以修饰可数名词，如plenty of men。

a quantity of在多数情况下修饰可数名词，如a quantity of boxes, 不过也可修饰不可数名词，如a quantity of milk。

quantities of与上述的一样

一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有: these, those, few, a few, many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如: Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. 开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。

I have been there dozens of times. 我已去过那儿很多次了。

There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生在读英语。

Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数) 很多学生都游览过长城。

In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow. 冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。

注意: 注：a good [great] many 后直接跟名词，不用介词of。但是，若其后所接名词有the, these, my 等限定词修饰，则要用介词of表示“…中的很多”：例如:

a great many of my friends 我的朋友当中的许多人。

A great many(of the) graduates have found jobs. 毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。

二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。有些名词形式上是复数，但却被用作不可数名词，使用much, little等修饰语

例如: Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水吗?

He always has a great amount of work to do. 他总是有很多工作要做。

He hasn’t got much brains. 他没什么头脑。

He took much pains to do the work. 他费了不少心做这工作。

I said I wouldn’t want much wages. 我说过我不要很多工资。

It's high time you were taught a little manners. 该是你学一点礼貌的时候了。

三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数) all, some, enough。例如:

There is still lots of snow in the garden. 花园里还有许多雪。

There is plenty of rain here. 这儿的雨水很多。

A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall. 大厅里放了很多鲜花。There are large quantities of food in the cupboard. 橱柜里有许多食物。

在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如:

Are there many people in the street? 街上有很多人吗?

There isn’t much time left. 剩下的时间不多了。

其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用many, much。例如:

The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000. 无家可归的人数多达250,000人。

There is too much work to do. 要做的工作太多了。

四、有些名词形式上是复数，但却被用作不可数名词，使用much, little等修饰语：

He hasn’t got much brains. 他没什么头脑。

He took much pains to do the work. 他费了不少心做这工作。

I said I wouldn’t want much wages. 我说过我不要很多工资。

It's high time you were taught a little manners. 该是你学一点礼貌的时候了。