高中英语人教版必修四教学案：Unit 4 Section 3 含答案

[语法初识]

原句感知自主探究①．．．I saw several young people enter the waiting

area looking around curiously．

②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to

greet them．

③She stepped back appearing surprised．．．

④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada．

⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door．．．

⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away．

⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished．

⑧Hearing the news, they immediately set off．

⑨Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while．(1)动词-ing形式在句中可作伴随状语(句①、②、③、④、⑤)，时间状语(句⑥)，结果状语(句⑦)，原因状语(句⑧、

⑨)。

(2)若动词-ing短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生(句⑧)；若动词-ing短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前(句⑨)。

(3)动词-ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语(句①～⑨)。

[语法剖析]

语法点一现在分词作状语的用法

因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

1．作时间状语

现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Hearing the noise, I turned round．

＝When I heard the noise, I turned round．

听到响声我转过身去。

2．作原因状语

现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。

Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

＝Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。

3．作条件状语

现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you'll certainly succeed．

＝If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed．

只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。

4．作结果状语

现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。

The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage．

大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。

[点津]现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：

He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold．

被雨淋后他感冒了。

I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday．

我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。

5．作让步、方式和伴随状语

现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。

Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book．

＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book．

玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。

即时演练1

1－1．用现在分词作状语改写下列句子

①When she turned around, she saw a car driving up．

→Turningaround , she saw a car driving up．

②They stood there and waited for the bus．

→They stood there, waitingfor the bus．

③As he was ill, he couldn't attend the meeting．

→Beingill,_he couldn't attend the meeting．

1－2．完成句子

④(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)．

⑤Being_too_old (因为年老), he couldn't take a plane．

1

现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。

(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。

Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine．

我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)

(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。

Having finished the letter, he went to post it．

他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)

即时演练2

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①Seeing_(see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note．

②Having_suffered (suffer) such heavy pollution, it may now be too late to clean up the river．

③Having_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well．

④(江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at

a hotel．

2．现在分词的语态

使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句