前置与后置定语

定语的前置与后置
概述：单独的形容词、分词作定语，往往前置，放在被修饰名词前；而短语则需要后置，eg, 形容词短语，分词短语，介词短语等
1. 可作定语的成分
adj﹑n﹑pron﹑名词所有格﹑数词﹑不定式﹑分词﹑动名词﹑介词短语﹑adv﹑从句。

PS：作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。

2.形容词作定语后置的几种情况
①当形容词修饰不定代词时
one, no, any, some, something , anyone, nothing etc
Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
②当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时
The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.
The man carried a bag full of rice on his back.
③当两个意义相反的形容词用“both…and…”; and; or;或so 连在一起作定语时
The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive.
People in this village, young and old, men and women are fond of singing and dancing.
H e took everything, useful or useless.
3.表语形容词作定语
有些形容词只作表语，而不做前置定语。

如：afraid, alone, alive，alike, awake, asleep, ashamed, sorry, sure等，但alone, alive，alike, awake, afraid等可作后置定语。

eg. He is the greatest poet alive.
但如果该形容词本身带有adv来修饰时，可做前置定语。

eg. I found a wide awake soldier in the burning building.
4. 其他定语后置的情况
①介词短语作定语，如：the book on the desk；
②不定式或不定式短语，如：a question to ask；
③分词短语，如：the man riding a horse, the boy called John。

④副词作定语，如：People here are very kind. The room above is mine.
（二）非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式(多表示将来的意思)
①只能做后置定语，不能前置
②动词不定式与所修饰的词之间往往有主谓或动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,或者该不定式本身有宾语,后面应有必要的介词。

eg. We only have a small room to live in.
She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.
③多与序数词、最高级连用
（07全国I）---The last one to arrive pays the meal.
------Agreed!(表解P299,163题)
So far, we haven’t found the best way to settle the problem.
(05湖南)I send you one hundred dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. （表解P293，95题）
2.分词作定语
①分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前；分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面.
eg. The sleeping boy is Tom
The boy sleeping on the ground is Tom.
②过去分词作定语，与所修饰词之间为动宾关系
现在分词作定语，与所修饰词之间为主谓关系
（08湖南）The trees ___in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down。