赖世雄教你学语法第一章记录文本
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第一章句子的构成
语法学习顺序：单句---连词---（用连词将单句合在一起形成）复合句、复杂句---将从句变成分词短语、不定式短语．．．句子结构搞懂然后看文章，勤看文章，翻字典，用语法。
单句的形成：主语＋动词
英文里面没有主语，没有动词是不行的。
第一节主语
可以充当主语的词类，两大词类：名词、代词
（名词、代词、动名词、不定式短语、名词从句（句子、问句变成名词）、名词短语）
1、名词：
The young man is handsome.
The young gril is very beautiful.
The table is good.
2、代词
She is my mother.
They are beautiful.
It is good.
3、动名词
动词做主语：中文可以用动词做主语，但是英文不可以，要把动词变成名词的形态后再做主语。
把动词变成的名词叫做动名词。动名词：动词+ing
定义：英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念，另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同：在句子可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。
动名词(做主语)：所表示的动作已经做过、有经验、已经事实。
Studying English it is Interesting.
Working with him is fine.
4、不定式短语
to+动词原形to+V原形
to---虚词
短语---就是两个以上的单词构成的字群。
动名词短语：to go
不定式短语：working whit him
不定式短语做主语：所表示的动作通常还未做。未做的事情、目的、梦想、计划、理想用不定式to（做主语）。
To buy something is one of plans.
To see him is my purpose.
To study abroad is my dream.
动名词短语做主语：所表示的动作已经做过、有经验、已经事实。
Working with him is fine.
5、主语太长时用虚的主语it代替，不定式短语（to+v原形）放在句尾；动名词（V-ing）改成to不定式放句尾。
To study abroad is my bream.
To study abroad with him is my bream.
To study abroad with a friend of mine by the name of John is my bream.
→It is my plan to study abroad with my very good friend of mine whose call John.
Learning English with Peter is fine.
→It is fine to learn English with Peter.
6、that名词从句
中文可以用句子做主语，英文不可以，要把句子变成名词的形状。
句子如何变成名词：句子变成从句，句子前面加that
名词从句：句子要变成名词做主语，句子前面用that
名词从句：That +句子
That he loves me is true.
That she studies hard is true.
That he doesn't agree with me makes me angry.
7、从句做主语句子长时用it虚代词代替，从句放句尾。
That he doesn't agree with me makes me angry.
→It makes me angry that he doesn’t agree with me.
8、三种名词从句
问句做主语也是需要变成名词从句。
总结名词从句做主语有三种：戴慧怡
1）that引导的名词从句做主语：that+句子
That she studies hard is true.
2）whether引导的名词从句做主语：（可以用yes或者no回答的一般疑问句，）whether+句子，后面的句子主语和助词不能倒装
Is she beautiful?
Yes she is. No she isn’t.
→Whether she is（不能倒装）beautiful remains to be seen.
她是否美有待观察。
Will he come?
Yes he will. No he won’t.
→Whether he will (不能倒装) come remains to be seen.
3）特殊疑问词引导的名词从句做主语：（不能用yes、no回答的特殊疑问句）特殊疑问词+句子，后面的句子主语和助词不能倒装Where will he go?
Where is he going?
→Where he will go(不能倒装) is still a question.
→Where he will go(不能倒装) remains to be seen.
What will he do？
→What he will do is still a question.
9、名词从句做主语句子长时用it虚代词代替，从句放句尾。
这三个主语用名词从句形成的都可以用it代替。
That she studies hard is true.
→It is true that she studies hard.
Whether she will come is not know yet.
→It is not know yet whether she will cone.
What he will do is still a question.
→It is still a question what he will do.