mrsdalloway达洛维夫人
达洛卫夫人报告IV
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Relationships in Mrs.Dalloway
Desire and Struggle in Friendship -----Mrs.Dalloway and Sally Seton
It was not like one’s feeling for a man.It was completely disinterested ,and besides, it had a quality which could only exist between women,between women just grown up.
Relationships in Mrs.Dalloway
Complementation and Similarity in the Soul -----Mrs. Dalloway and Septimus
Actually, in the novel,they never met.They belong to different social status, and the only intersection between them is that after Septimus died,Mrs. Dalloway heard his story from the doctor .
Relationships in Mrs.Dalloway
Complementation and Similarity in the Soul -----Mrs. Dalloway and Septimus
The mental pursuit The suffer
Septimus
The unhappy marriage
Septimus
达洛维夫人写作手法分析
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达洛维夫人写作手法分析达洛维夫人写作手法分析导语:写作手法包括表达方式、写作方法、修辞手法等。
表达方式,是指写文章时所采用的反映社会生活、表达思想感情、介绍事物事理的方式手段。
以下是小编整理达洛维夫人写作手法,以供参考。
达洛维夫人写作手法分析篇1意识流伍尔芙通过达洛维夫人一天的生活和意识流动的轨迹,向我们展示了英国上流社会的生活状况,达洛维夫人的宴会有如上流社会各色人物的展示厅,他们竞相展示自己所谓的华丽、学识,尽力遮掩自己的“虚弱“。
伍尔芙认为:“小说应该超越作品中的具体的、个人的关系,去探讨有关人类命运和人生意义等更为广泛的问题。
“她把这些不同的抽象程式放到生命历程的九个阶段去加以考察,试图由此获得对人生的总体印象。
伍尔芙成功地采用意识流技巧,跨越了时空的界限,用物理时间上的一天来表现人物心理时间上的一生,使达洛维夫人和塞普蒂莫斯两人迥然不同的生活经历涌进了同一条意识长河之中。
小说一开头,“达洛维太太说她要自己去买鲜花”。
作者开门见山,单刀直入地将读者带入人物的精神世界。
描写了达洛维夫人刚出家门,独自漫步伦敦街头时的一段精彩的意识流动。
6月的清晨,伦敦空气清新,阳光明媚,这不禁让达洛维夫人心潮澎湃,浮想联翩,忆起了三十年前一个宁静的早晨,自己推开伯尔顿村住宅的落地窗置身于户外的情景,空气也像今天一样清新,但比现在沉寂。
此刻似乎她仍能听见窗户铰链磨擦发出的吱扭一声,仍能感受那一刻的心境,甚至一字不漏地重复当时彼得的说话内容。
于是彼得·沃尔什这个人就浮现在她的脑海中。
回忆的思绪暂时中断,回到现在,又延伸到未来,“他过些天就要从印度回来,是六月还是七月,她记不清了,”彼得的来信触发了克拉丽莎的另一种回忆,即对脑海中保留的彼得印象的梳理,“她记得他的眼睛、他的折叠小刀、他的微笑、他的坏脾气。
”这一段的精彩描写奠定了全文对伍尔夫的“存在的瞬间”的处理的风格,即在某一普通而又非常特殊的时刻,非实体领域的客观世界与主观世界相交,激活了沉睡在心灵底壁上的一连串的思想、情绪、观念和记忆,从而成为历史、现实、未来相融合的一个交点。
弗吉尼亚-伍尔夫《达洛维夫人》的写作技巧分析
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The author Virginia Woolf is not pessimistic.instead,she firmly believes the possibility of
harmony in life.People can regain their confidence toward life through experiencing the death of others.Based on the interpretation on Mrs Dalloway,people may have deeper understanding of
had grown so thin.It was she who suffered―but she had nobody to tell.
But the worst person is Septimus.He chose to commit suicide not only for his pursuit of soul independence but also because of the compelling force of death drive.Septimus,30-year-old, came back from battlefield,he was a volunteer in the war,with his ideal to battlefield,he hoped
醒悟,抑或是困顿——《时时刻刻》中弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫之双面人生解读
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第30卷 第3期 牡丹江大学学报 Vol.30 No.3 2021年3月 Journal of Mudanjiang University Mar. 2021 文章编号:1008-8717(2021)03-0057-05醒悟,抑或是困顿——《时时刻刻》中弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫之双面人生解读贺毅娜(淮阴工学院外国语学院,江苏 淮安 223001)摘 要:电影《时时刻刻》以弗吉尼亚的意识流小说《达洛维夫人》(Mrs.Dalloway)为线索,巧妙运用蒙太奇的电影手段和非线性的叙事方式,跨越时空,讲述了弗吉尼亚、劳拉及克拉丽莎三位女性人生中一天的故事,是一部非常成功的女性主义题材影片。
本文通过对游离于现实生活与小说创作之间的弗吉尼亚的双重生活状态进行论述,活灵活现地展现出三位女性因所处时代不同而经历了不同的境遇,进而以更深的笔触揭示和披露了当代西方社会中女性的生存困境和面临的文化、精神困顿。
关键词:双面人生;女性主义;精神危机中图分类号:I106 文献标识码:AAwakened or Fatigued-The Double——Faced Life Interpretation of Virginia Woolf in The HoursHE Yi-na(School of Foreign Language,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huai’an Jiangsu 223001)Abstract: The movie The Hours is based on Virginia Woolf’s Stream of consciousness novel-Mrs. Dalloway.It is a very successful feminist film, telling the story of one day in the life of Virginia, Laura and Clarissa across time and space with the ingenious use of montage and non-linear narrative.This paper discusses Virginia's dual life state, which is separated between real life and novel creation,It vividly shows the different situations experienced by the three women due to their different times.Then it reveals the survival dilemma,cultural and spiritual difficulties faced by women in the contemporary Western society with a deeper touch.Key words: Double-faced Life;Feminism;Spiritual crisis收稿日期:基金项目:作者简介:2020-10-152020年江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“基于云课堂的大学英语‘线上线下’混合式教学模式研究”(项目编号:2020SJA1805)贺毅娜(1981-),女,陕西西安人,淮阴工学院外国语学院讲师,硕士,主要研究方向:教学法,英语语言文学。
达洛卫夫人作品分析
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达洛维夫人《达洛维夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)是由弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙在1925年发表的长篇意识流小说。
小说描述了主人公克拉丽莎. 达洛维在一战后英国一天的生活细节。
该小说作为伍尔芙的代表作之一,被时代杂志TIME评为1923-2005百部最佳英文小说之一。
该小说基于两部短篇《邦德街的达洛维夫人》(Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street)和《首相》(The Prime Minister) , 故事围绕达洛维夫人筹备一个上流社会派对而展开。
读者视角穿梭时间跨度,并穿插于主人公的思维与现实之间,通过对达洛维夫人一天中生活细节的描述,来塑造她一生的经历以及一战前后整个英国社会。
情节介绍一个晴朗的夏日早晨,主人公克拉丽莎. 达洛维走在伦敦的街道,为自己晚上的派对采买物品。
美好的天气使她想起了自己已逝的青春,以及她年轻时的狂热追随者彼得.沃尔士。
她思忖自己当初嫁了可靠达洛维,而不是捉摸不定的沃尔士,是不是一个正确的决定。
沃尔士当天从印度返回伦敦来看望她,更让她突然思绪不宁。
同时,在伦敦的另一角是一战退伍军人塞普蒂默斯.史密斯和他的妻子露西娅。
史密斯患有无名的狂想症,经常幻见在一战中牺牲的好友伊凡。
当权威医师决定对他实行强制隔离治疗时,他跳楼自尽。
达洛维夫人当晚的派对很成功,名流济济。
一些难得一见的旧友,那些和她一起经历了成长及年轻的旧友,也到场了,可她却抽不出身来和他们细聊。
隔了那么些年,大半辈子,也想不出该说什么好。
她在派对上闻知史密斯的自杀事件,心里暗自佩服这种解脱:只有这样才能真正守住自己内心纯粹的快乐吧。
写作风格《达洛维夫人》是典型的意识流小说:所有的思绪,回顾以及现实都发生在六月里的一天;所有的场景都紧密围绕人物的思绪展开。
通篇小说,伍尔芙淡化了直接对话与间接对话的差异性,以作者直叙和…全知性‟口吻描述故事的进展。
小说记录了20多个角色的自语和心绪,但着重描述达洛维夫人和史密斯的经历。
Mrs Dalloway
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情节摘要: 一个晴朗的夏日早晨,主人公克拉丽沙· 达洛维走 在伦敦的街道,为自己晚上的派对采买物品。美 好的天气使她想起了自己已逝的青春,以及她年 轻时的狂热追随者彼得.沃尔士。她思忖自己当初 嫁了可靠的达洛维,而不是捉摸不定的沃尔士, 是不是一个正确的决定。沃尔士当天从印度返回 伦敦来看望她,更让她突然思绪不宁。 同时,在伦敦的另一角是一战退伍军人塞普蒂默 斯· 史密斯和他的妻子露西娅。史密斯患有无名的 狂想症,经常幻见在一战中牺牲的好友伊凡。当 权威医师决定对他实行强制隔离治疗时,他跳楼 自尽。
因此,克拉丽沙虽然生活在矛盾之中, 却生活的并不痛苦,她找到了理想和现 实的平衡点并安然生活。我不知道该如 何定义这种能力,也许,这是一种属于 女性的智慧。达洛维夫人的生活到底是 幸福还是悲哀?我想都不至于,或许,这 就是千百年来属于女性的最合理的生活。 (书评原话)
关于作者: 1 人物简介 2 代表作品 3 作品影响
达洛维夫人是一战后英国社会对女性定义的典型 代表:“居家天使”。她接受社会强加的束缚, 甚至热切地扮演着自己的角色:政客的太太。 在书中,我们了解到,克拉丽沙在同彼得热恋的 时候,曾经不停的交谈,并且在交谈中感觉到精 神上的默契因此感到了理解的美妙,语言的美妙, 交流的美妙。当克拉丽沙老了的时候,看到年轻 人只会用低级的娱乐来刺激感观而无法用语言进 行精神的交流的时候,她说她为此感到遗憾,并 且幸福的回忆起年轻时和彼得长谈的情形。因此 我们也可以知道,克拉丽沙,是一个有着自己独 立的精神的,会思考的的女人。一个可以自己决 定自己生活的女人。
代表作品:
出航(The Voyage Out,1915年) 夜与日(Night and Day,1919年) 墙上的斑点(Mark on the wall,1919) 雅各的房间(Jacob's Room,1920年) 达洛维夫人(Mrs. Dalloway,1925年) 到灯塔去(To the Lighthouse,1927年) 奥兰多(Orlando: a Biography,1928年) 海浪(The Waves,1931年) 岁月(The Years,1937年) 幕间(Between the Acts,1941年)
Mrs.Dalloway达洛维夫人
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Definition
1. (Psychology) the continuous flow of ideas, thoughts, and feelings forming the content of an individual's consciousness. 2. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) a literary technique that reveals the flow of thoughts and feelings of characters as they occur.
Interior monologue
On the assumed condition that no one else to listen, a character can express his feeling and thoughts directly.
在假定没有其他 人倾听的情况下, 一个人物把自己 的所感所思毫无 顾忌的直接表露 出来,就是“内 心独白”。
30 years
?
15 hours
m o n t a g e
different characters’ thinking activities at the same time
recalling the bitter love with Clarissa.
In Regent’s Park
“I have been dead, and yet am now alive, but let me rest still.”
contrast
Conventional novel
The order: physical time or logic order
英国文学复习提纲加诗歌赏析方法
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I.P ART ONE. EARL Y&MEDIEV AL1.Beowulf: the national epic史诗of the Anglo-SaxonsBeowulf aga in st: mon ster Gren del, she-m on ster and a fire drago nArtistic features: Using alliteration (头韵)Using metaphor (比喻)and understatement (陈述)2.The Class Nature of the Romance They were comp osed for the n oble, of the no ble, and in most cases by the p oets patroni zed by the no ble.3.Geoffery Chaucer: The father of En glish p oetry/ the foun der of En glish p oetry The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集:英国文史上现实主义第一部杰作first time to use ‘ heroic co双韵体)by middle EnglishII.The Renaissance P eriod1.The Renaissance & Humanism: R: 2 features: a curiosity for classical literature (Greek & Lati n) —dissatisfacti on at Catholic & feudal ideas/ activities of huma nity—new feeli ng of admirati on for huma n beauty & achieveme ntH: the key-note of R, new outlook of the risi ng bourgeois class2.Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根:Essays随笔(famous quotas: Of studies)3.Drama: the miracle P 奇迹剧(Bible story); the morality P 道德剧(abstract characters/co nflict of good&evil with allegorical person ages); the in terlude 幕间喜居U (short/i nterest in g); the classical drama(+Greek &Lati n/rules&structure&style/5 acts);4.Shakes peare:Four Comedies: As You Like It 皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night; A Midsummer Night ' s Dream; Mercha nt Of Ven ice 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: Hamlet; Othello 奥赛罗;Ki ng Lear 李尔王;Macbeth 麦克白154 Sonn et: Three quatra in and one coup let, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic 抑扬格pentameter 五步格诗restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III.REVOLUTION1.John Milton约翰?弥尔顿①Epic: Paradise Lost 失乐园:it is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were take n from the Old Testame nt: the creati on; the rebellio n in Heave n of Sata n & his fellow-a ngels; their defeat & expu Isi on from Heave n; the creati on ofthe earth & of Adam & Eve; the falle n an gels in hell pl ott ing aga inst God; Sata n ' s temptatio n of Eve; & the dep arture of Adam & Eve from Ede n.②P aradise Rega ined 复乐园2.John Bunyan 约翰?班扬The Pilgrim ' Progress 天路历程:religious allegory 宗教寓言;the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian , who flies from the City of Destruction, meets the perils and temptation of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the dem on App oily on, and fin allycomes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.3.John Donne: (the founder) the Meta physical po et(玄学派诗人).(用语)the dictio n is sim pie, the imagery is from the actual, the form is freque ntly an argume nt with the poet ' s belovedgwdthor with himself.(主题:love, religious, thought)Artistic features: conceits or imagery奇思妙喻syllogism 三段论The Flea 虱子IV The 18th Century : Enlightenment1.The Enlightenment: clear away the feudal ideas with bourgeois ideology 资阶思Classicism:重理性rati on ality /follow princip les in drama, p oetry & p rose/ tidy up cap italist social order2.Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特:Gulliver ' s Tra格列佛游记(fictional work)Four p arts: Lilli put 小人国、Brobd ingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛、Houyhnhnm 智马岛A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事3.Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福The father of novel.Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It p raises the fortitude of the huma n labor and the Pu rita n.Robinson grew from a n aive and artless youth in to a shrewd and harde ned man, temp ered by numerous trials in his eve ntful life.It is an adve nture story, Robinson, n arrates how he goes to sea, gets shi pwrecked and marooned ona Ion ely isla nd, struggles to live for 24-years there and fin ally gets relieved and retu rns to En gla nd.4.Henry Fielding 亨利?菲尔丁“ Fatheiof En glish realistic no vel ” He was the first to write a “ Comice pic in prose ”散文体史诗),and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. <The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling弃婴汤姆?琼斯<The History of the Adventures of Jose ph Andrews约瑟夫?安德鲁5.Sentimentalism & Pre-Romanticism in Poetry anti-rationalism/anti-classicism6.William Blake 威廉?布莱克(Pre-R)Songs of Innocenc天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. < the chi mney swee per> 扫烟囱的孩子Songs of Exp erie nee经验之歌7.Robert Burns 罗伯特?彭斯(Pre-R) The greatest Scottish poet in the late 1t8c P oems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗A Red, Red Rose^朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne友谊地久天长My Heart' s in the Highland我的心在那高原上,The Tree of LibertyV The Romantic P eriod1.William Wordsworth 威廉?华兹华斯Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集2.George Gordon Byron 乔治?戈登?拜伦Don Juan 唐?璜She Walks In Beauty3. 4. Persy Bysshe Shelle波西?比希?雪莱A Defence of Poetry诗辩Ode to the West Wind 西风颂Theme: The author exp resses his eager ness to enjoy the boun diess freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last sig ns of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seeds which still come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead thin gs, i mplying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts aga in whe n someth ing dies.Comme nt: it is writte n in iambic pen tameter. It contains five sonnet len gth sta nzas诗节,each with a clos ing coup let. The rhy ming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this p oem is an inv ocati on for an un see n force to take con trol and revive life. Artistic features: Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc dd efe …)4.John Keats约翰:济慈Four great odes: Ode on a Grecia n Ur 希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Night in gale 夜莺颂Ode to P syche心、灵颂Ode On Mela nchol y 忧郁颂Ode to Autu mn 秋颂Theme: The theme is that cha nge is both n atural and beautiful. The p oem p raises the glories of the fall seas on by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and app eal to the reader. Comme nt: The sp eaker in the p oem ack no wledges that time p asses by, but also asserts that this cha nge usually yields someth ing new and better tha n what came before. Each of the p oem's three sta nzas rep rese nts the evo Iving of two differe nt types of cha nge. One type of cha nge show n in the p oem is the cha nge of p eriods in a day.VI CRITICAL REALISM1.Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯(批判现实主义小说家)critical realist writer Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿Qavid Copperfield大卫?科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世Great Exp ectati ons 远大前程2.William Make peace Thackeray 威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷Vanity Fair 名利场3.Jane Austen简?奥斯丁Sense and Se nsibility理智与感情;Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见;Emma 爱玛4.Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特Jane Eyre简?爱Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄5.George Eliot乔治?艾略特(批判现实)The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Middlemarch米德尔马契TO Mid and Late 佃也Century1.Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫人Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnet from the P ortuguese葡萄牙十四行诗2.Christina. G Rossetti: Seek and Find; So ng3.Literary Trends at the end of the century: naturalism: environmental force & internalimpulse/pessimism & determinism; aestheticism: art should serve no religious, moral or social end, nor any end except itse l f Oscar Wilde 王尔德SalomoVffl 20th Century1.Henry James(stream of consciousness) portrait of a woma n 贵妇画像2.Thomas Hardy托马斯?合代Tess Of The D ' Urbervi德s白家的苔丝;Jude The Obscure无名的裘德3.George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧critical realistic dramatistMrs. Warren ' sfPsoion华伦夫人的职业;Widowers ' Hou鳏夫的房产Man And Sup erma n 人与超人;The App le Cart 苹果车;Sai nt Joa n 圣女贞德4.Imagism: free verse/c onven tio nal/ com mon sp eech/ new rhythms/ clear images5.I.William Butler Yeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨,Ireland when you are oldcelebrated & acco mp lished symbolist p oet/ use an elaborate system of symbols6.Thomas Sterns Eliot:The Waste Land; Four Quartets7.David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯So ns And Lovers儿子与情人;The Rai nbow虹;Women In Love恋爱中的女人8.James Joyce!姆斯?乔伊斯stream-of-consciousness Ulysses尤禾U西斯9.Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙stream-of-consciousnessMrs. Dalloway 达洛维夫人;To The Lighthouse到灯塔去;The Waves浪; the mark on the wall墙上的斑点IX Second War1. E. M. FosterA Passage To India印度之行Hawards End霍华兹别墅 a room with a view 看得见风景的房间2.George Orwell: 19843.William Golding: Lord of the Flies 蝇王4.Doris Lessing多丽丝?莱辛The Golden Notebook金色笔记5.Samuel Beckett wait ing for godat6.Harold Pinter: the room诗歌评论抑扬格(iamb, iambic )扬抑格(trochee, trochaic )抑抑扬格 (Anapaest, anapaesti ) 扬抑抑格(dactyl, dactylic ).Meter 步律英文诗行的长度范围一般是 一音步诗:r 音步诗:trimeter /three feet 四音步诗:tetrameter/four feet 五音步诗:pentameter 六音步诗:hexameter 七音步诗:heptameter 八音步诗:octameter.Metrical patterns (格律的形式)Iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步 (John Milton, Paradise Lost)Dactylic hexameter 扬抑抑格六音步(Homer, Iliad)Iambic tetrameter 抑扬格四音步 Trochaic octameter 扬抑格八音步Anapestic tetrameter 抑抑扬格四音步 (Lewis Carroll, Don Juan) Alexandrine ( also known as iambic hexameter 抑扬格六音步) 压韵(Rhyming schemes 韵式)1.全韵与半韵(full rhyme and half rhyme )。
夫人英文小说赏析作文
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夫人英文小说赏析作文英文:Mrs. Dalloway is a novel that I thoroughly enjoyed reading. Written by Virginia Woolf, the novel is set in London and follows the life of Clarissa Dalloway, a high society woman who is preparing for a party that she is hosting. The novel explores themes such as identity, social class, and mental illness.One aspect of the novel that I found particularly interesting was Woolf's use of stream of consciousness. Through this technique, we are able to delve into the minds of the characters and understand their innermost thoughts and feelings. For example, when we read about Clarissa's thoughts on her life and the choices she has made, we gain a deeper understanding of her character and the struggles she faces.Another aspect of the novel that I appreciated was theway Woolf explores the theme of mental illness. Clarissa's friend Septimus suffers from shell shock after serving in World War I, and his struggles with his mental health are portrayed in a sensitive and nuanced manner. Woolf's portrayal of mental illness is both realistic and empathetic, and it adds depth to the novel.Overall, Mrs. Dalloway is a beautifully written novel that explores complex themes in a thoughtful and nuanced way. Woolf's use of stream of consciousness and her exploration of mental illness make this novel a compelling and insightful read.中文:《达洛维夫人》是一本我非常喜欢的小说。
Mrs-Dalloway-达洛维夫人
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Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself.达洛维夫人说她要亲自去买些花。
For Lucy had her work cut out for her. The doors would be taken off their hinges; umpelmayer's men were coming. And then, thought Clarissa Dalloway, what a morning—fresh as if issued to children on a beach.因为露西已有一份合适的工作要做。
要把门从铰链上卸下来;昂伯尔梅尔公司的人就要到了。
然后,克拉丽莎·达洛维思忖,多惬意的早晨啊——空气清新得仿佛是特意送给海滩上的孩子们似的。
What a lark! What a plunge! For so it had always seemed to her, when, with a little squeak of the hinges, which she could hear now, she had burst open the French windows and plunged at Bourton into the open air. How fresh, how calm, stiller than this of course, the air was in the early morning; like the flap of a wave; the kiss of a wave; chill and sharp and yet (for a girl of eighteen as she then was) solemn, feeling as she did, standing there at the open window, that something awful was about to happen; looking at the flowers, at the trees with the smoke winding off them and the rooks rising,falling; standing and looking until Peter Walsh said, "Musing among the vegetables?"—was that it?—"I prefer men to cauliflowers"—was that it? He must have said it at breakfast one morning when she had gone out on to the terrace—Peter Walsh. He would be back from India one of these days, June or July, she forgot which, for his letters were awfully dull; it was his sayings one remembered; his eyes, his pocket-knife, his smile, his grumpiness and, when millions of things had utterly vanished—how strange it was!—a few sayings like this about cabbages.多么动听的百灵!多么迅疾的举动!对她来说过去似乎总是这样,随着合叶轻微的吱吱声,这声音她现在也能听到,她会突然打开落地窗,扎到伯顿的户外。
英国文学史名词解释
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名词解释Heroic Couplet: a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter; and written in an elevated style.1.Renaissance: a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.2.Sonnet: 14-line lyric poem; usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.3.Blank verse: poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 4.Neoclassicism: the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.5.Sentimentalism: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions; and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking; passion over reason.6.Romanticism: imagination; emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis onindividualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.7.Lake Poets: the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19th century. 8.Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character enthusiasm; persistence; pursuing freedom; named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.9.Realism: seeks to portray familiar characters; situations; and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.10.Aestheticism: an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature; fine art; music and other arts.11.Stream-of-Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. 12.Dramatic Monologue: a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.13.Iambic Pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet;with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable; that is; with each foot an iamb.14.Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.15.Elegy: a poem of mourning; usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem. 16.Canto: a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem 17.Ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem; written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occasion; to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.Spenserian Stanza: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travel literature.18.Metrical Pattern: a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.文学史中古时期1.Beowulf贝奥武甫: the natural epic of the English people; Denmarkstory; alliteration; metaphor; understatements2.Sir Gawain and Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士3.Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里乔叟:the Father of English Poetry; The Canterbury Tales埃特伯雷故事集24stories文艺复兴时期1.Thomas More: Utopia乌托邦- the communication between more and the traveler which just came back from Utopia.2.Francis Bacon: the first English Essayist; Essays随笔集- Of Studies; Of Truth philosophical and literary works3.Thus Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.4.Edmund Spenser: Poet's poet; The Fairy Queen仙后to Queen Elizabeth I5.William Shakespeare:Sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summer's day17世纪英国文学1.John Donne: the leading poet of Metaphysical school of poetry;A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning分离:莫忧伤2.John Milton: Paradise Lost失乐园a revolt against God's authority; Paradise Regained复乐园how Christ overcame Santa ——stories were taken from Bible3.John Bunyan: the son of Renaissance; Pilgrim's Progress天路历程imagination; shadowing; realistic religious allegory18世纪英国文学Novel:1.the age of reason; classicism; sentimentalism and romanticism novels; prose; dramas; poetry2.Daniel Defoe: representative of English realistic novel; Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记the development of a young man from a naive and artless youth to a clever and hardened man3.Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels格列佛游记fictional; satirical- human nature; the European Government; the differences between religions; whole English state system4.Henry Fielding: the Father of English novel; The History of Tome Jones; a Foundling 汤姆琼斯;satiricPoetry:5.Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌6.Alexander Pope: perfected in heroic couplet; An Essay on Criticism论批评7.William Blake: pre-romantic; Songs of Innonce天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌-London; The Tiger8.Robert Burns: A Red Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰Drama:9.Richard Brinsley Sheridan:Master of Comedy of manners;The Schoolfor Scandal造谣学校浪漫主义时期1798-18321.William Wordsworth: the Lake Poets; The Prelude序曲;I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud我似流云天自游;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的割麦女;features: poet of nature and human heart2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge: the first critic of the Romantic school; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏3.George Gordon Byron: vigorous; strong and beautiful; Childe Harold's Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗尔德游记spenserian stanza; fights for liberty; Don Juan唐璜a broad critical picture of European life; When We Two Parted昔日依依别;She Walks in Beauty她走在美的光影中;The Isles of Greece哀希腊4.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind西风颂-赞颂西风;希望与其紧密相连; Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯the victory for man's struggle against tyranny and oppression5.John Keats: sensuous; colorful and rich in imagery; Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂6.Walter Scott: Father of Historical Novel; combine historical fact and romantic imagination7.Jane Austen: wit; dry humour; subtle irony;realistic; Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见Elizabeth and Darcy;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛8.Charles Lamb: Poor Relations穷亲戚; Dream-children童年梦幻; A Reverie幻想曲维多利亚时期1.summit: realistic novel2.Charles Dickens: critical realist writer; humour; wit; happy endings; A Tale of Two Cities双城记London & Paris; where there is oppression; there is revolution; David Copperfield大卫科波菲尔;Oliver Twist雾都孤儿;Hard Time艰难时世;Great Expectations远大前程; Dombey and Son董贝父子;Pickwick Papers匹克威克外传3.William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair名利场to satirize the social more; decadence and corruption of his time; to criticize the values measured by wealth4.George Eliot: novelist; her novels are celebrated for their realism and psychological insights; Adam Bede亚当比德social inequality;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊; Silas Marner 织工马南5.Alfred Tennyson: succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850; Break; Break; Break拍吧;拍吧;拍吧;Crossing the Bar过沙洲6.Robert Browning: dramatic monologues; My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫人7.The Bronte Sisters:Charlotte: Jane Eyre简爱:简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性;她生活在社会底层;受尽磨难..但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神..小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写;引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历;歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见..扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情;具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量..其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗;敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象..Emily: Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄:描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后;因受辱和恋爱不遂;外出致富;回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事..Anne: Agnes Gray安格尼斯格雷20世纪英国文学1.Thomas Hardy: feature:past and modern; critical; realism; determinism; Tess of The D'urbervillles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德2.John Galsworthy: From the Four Winds四季的风;The Man of Property 有产业的人;The Silver Box银盒3.George Bernard Shaw: structurally and thematically; vividly; Mrs Warren's Profession华伦夫人的职业;Pygmalion皮革马利翁transform a cockney-speaking flower girl into a woman as poised andwell-spoken as a duchess; The Apple Cart苹果车4.Oscar Wilde: aestheticism; The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子;The Picture of Dorian Gray道林格雷的画像5.D.H. Lawrence: first introduce themes of psychology into his works; Sons and Lovers儿子和情人; The White Peacock白孔雀6.Virginia Woolf: stream-of- consciousness; feminist; To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;Mrs Dalloway达洛维夫人7.James Joyce: Ulysses尤利西斯stream of consciousness; a modern prose epic; Dubliners都柏林人。
英国文学__伍尔芙_及_“意识流”__——牛钒冰_2
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《都柏林人》(Dubliners) 和《一个青年艺术家的画像》
乔伊斯在早期出版的短篇小说集《都柏林人》中深入 的剖析都柏林社会发展的迟缓和麻木。《都柏林人》的 主题是“顿悟”,意指对灵魂或其他事物突然间的发现 或自觉。 《一个青年艺术家的画像》就是那篇乔伊斯拟改写的 《英雄斯蒂芬》。这部小说具有强烈的自传性质,记述 的是一个天才男人逐渐成熟并认清自我的过程。主要人 物名叫斯蒂芬· 德拉鲁斯,影射作家本人。这部小说中乔 伊斯的意识流创作技巧初露端倪,他运用大量心理独白, 而且更多的关注人的内心世界而非客观现实。
弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙(Virginia Woolf,1882---1941)
伍尔芙小说不注重表现事件、人物之间的关 系,而把创作重心放在对人物思想感情流程的再 现上,讲究环境和景物描写的印象效果。她的文 笔富于音乐性,并运用音乐上的“曲式学”结构 作品,给读者以美感。 伍尔芙被誉为20世纪最伟大的小说家之一, 现代主义文学潮流的先锋;不過她本人並不喜 欢某些现代主义作者,如乔伊斯。她对英语语 言革新良多,在小说中尝试意识流的写作方法, 试图去描绘在人们心底的潜意识。爱德华.摩根. 福斯特称她将英语“朝着光明的方向推进了一 小步”。她在文学上的成就和创新性至今仍然 产生著影响。
叙述一开始就直接进入人物内心,描写达罗卫夫 人迈出家门走上伦敦街头的感受。久病初愈,她 感到伦敦的早晨特别美好,阳光和煦,空气清新, 这使她回想起18岁花季少女时代在英格兰度假胜 地波顿清晨推开窗户时一份同样的清新感觉。那 时她与情人彼得·沃什卿卿我我的情景,依然历 历在目。彼得这几天就要从印度回来,这一念头 又把她带回到现在。流动不已的思绪就是这样在 过去与现在之间来回跳跃。
意识流小说的主要代表人物及代表作:
马赛尔· 普鲁斯特(1871—1922),法国作家,意识流文学的奠基者。 《追忆似水年华》 弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙(Virginia Woolf )(1882—1941),英国著名小说家、批评家,也是 一位著名的意识流作家和意识流小说的奠基者。 《墙上的斑点》、 《达罗卫夫人》、《到灯塔去》 詹姆斯· 乔伊斯(James Joyce)(1882—1941)爱尔兰作家,是意识流文学代表 作家之一。 《一个艺术家青年时代的写照》、 《尤利西斯》 威廉· 福克纳(1897~1962)美国作家,是意识流文学的又一杰出代表。 《我弥留之际》 、 《喧哗与骚动》 乔伊斯· 卡洛尔· 欧茨(1938~ 的又一代表人物。 ),美国当代享有盛名的女作家,意识流小说在美国
世界最长的小说排行榜
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世界最长的小说排行榜世界最长的小说排行榜普希金曾经说过,人的影响短暂而微弱,书的影响则广泛而深远。
书籍是人类启蒙的阶梯,也分很多种类,如散文、小说等,就让店铺带您一览有关世界最长小说的排行榜吧!世界最长的小说排行榜篇11、 Don Quixote堂吉诃德 1605,1615 Miguel de Cervantes 塞万提斯(西班牙)2、 War and Peace战争与和平 1869 Leo Tolstoy列夫·托尔斯泰(俄罗斯)3、 Ulysses尤利西斯 1922 James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯(爱尔兰)4、In Search of Lost Time追寻逝去的时光1913-27 Marcel Proust马塞尔·普鲁斯特(法国)5、The Brothers Karamazov卡拉马佐夫兄弟1880 Feodor Dostoevsky陀思妥耶夫斯基(俄罗斯)6、 Moby-Dick白鲸 1851 Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(美国)7、 Madame Bovary包法利夫人 1857 Gustave Flaubert福楼拜(法国)8、 Middlemarch米德尔马契 1871-72 George Eliot乔治·艾略特(英国)9、 The Magic Mountain魔山 1924 Thomas Mann托马斯·曼(德国)10、The Tale of Genji源氏物语11th Century Murasaki Shikibu紫式部(日本)11、 Emma爱玛 1816 Jane Austen简·奥斯丁(英国)12、Bleak House荒凉山庄1852-53 Charles Dickens狄更斯(英国)13、 Anna Karenina安娜·卡列尼娜 1877 Leo Tolstoy列夫·托尔斯泰(俄罗斯)14、Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记1884 Mark Twain马克·吐温(美国)15、 Tom Jones弃儿汤姆·琼斯的历史 1749 Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁(英国)16、 Great Expectations远大前程 1860-61 Charles Dickens狄更斯(英国)17、Absalom, Absalom! 押沙龙,押沙龙! 1936 William Faulkner威廉·福克纳(美国)18、 The Ambassadors专使 1903 Henry James亨利·詹姆斯(美国)19、One Hundred Years of Solitude百年孤独1967 Gabriel Garcia Marquez马尔克斯(哥伦比亚)20、 The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比 1925 F. Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯科·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德(美国)21、 To The Lighthouse到灯塔去 1927 Virginia Woolf维吉尼亚·吴尔夫(英国)22、 Crime and Punishment罪与罚 1866 Feodor Dostoevsky 陀思妥耶夫斯基(俄罗斯)23、The Sound and the Fury喧哗与骚动1929 William Faulkner威廉·福克纳(美国)24、Vanity Fair名利场1847-48 William Makepeace Thackeray萨克雷(英国)25、 Dead Souls死魂灵 1842 Nikolai Gogol果戈理(俄罗斯)26、 Le Pere Goriot高老头 1835 Honore de Balzac巴尔扎克(法国)27、 The Portrait of a Lady一位女士的画像 1881 Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯(美国)28、Women in Love恋爱中的女人1920 D. H. Lawrence戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯(英国)29、 The Red and the Black红与黑 1830 Stendhal司汤达(法国)30、Tristram Shandy项狄传1760-67 Laurence Sterne劳伦斯·斯特恩(英国)31、 Finnegans Wake芬尼根守灵 1939 James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯(爱尔兰)32、Tess of the D'Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝1891 Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代(英国)33、 Buddenbrooks布登勃洛克家族 1901 Thomas Mann托马斯·曼(德国)34、 Invisible Man看不见的人 1952 Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利森(美国)35、没有个性的人 1930-43 Robert Musil罗伯特·穆齐尔(奥地利)36、 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家画像1916 James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯(爱尔兰)37、Molloy,Malone Dies,The Unnamable莫罗瓦;马龙正在死去;无名者 1951-53 Samuel Beckett塞缪尔·贝克特(法国)38、 The Tin Drum铁皮鼓 1959 Gunter Grass京特·格拉斯(德国)39、 Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄 1847 Emily Bronte艾米丽·勃朗特(英国)40、 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见 1813 Jane Austen简·奥斯丁(英国)41、 The Scarlet Letter红字 1850 Nathaniel Hawthorne霍桑(美国)42、 Gravity's Rainbow万有引力之虹 1973 Thomas Pynchon 托马斯·品钦(美国)43、 Beloved宠儿 1987 Toni Morrison托妮?莫里森(美国)44、Nostromo诺斯托罗莫1904 Joseph Conrad约瑟夫·康拉德(英国)45、 Fathers and Sons父与子 1862 Ivan Turgenev屠格涅夫(俄罗斯)46、 The Trial审判 1925 Franz Kafka卡夫卡(奥地利)47、 Lolita 1955 Vladimir Nabokov弗拉基米尔·纳巴科夫(美国)48、Mrs Dalloway达洛维夫人1925 Virginia Woolf维吉尼亚·吴尔夫(英国)49、 Dream of the Red Chamber红楼梦 1791 Cao Xueqin曹雪芹(中国)50、 Clarissa克拉丽莎 1747-48 Samuel Richardson塞缪尔·理查逊(英国)世界最长的小说排行榜篇21、《大菩萨岭》——世界上最长的历史小说大菩萨岭》被称为“世界上最长的历史小说”。
创伤理论视角下《达洛维夫人》的解读
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创伤理论视角下《达洛维夫人》的解读作者:王菲来源:《青年文学家》2016年第24期摘要:弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《达洛维夫人》是意识流的经典之作,也是一部反映了一战给民众造成的创伤的不朽之作。
本文将从创伤理论的角度出发,对文中男主人公塞普蒂默斯的心理创伤进行分析,探讨《达洛维夫人》在书写战争和历史、创伤与治愈方面所具有的重要理论和现实意义。
关键词:创伤理论;心理创伤;第一次世界大战;治愈作者简介:王菲(1992-),女,满族,吉林长春人,吉林大学英语语言文学硕士。
[中图分类号]:I106 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2016)-24-0-02一.引言弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf,1882年1月25日-1941年3月28日)是英国著名女作家和文学评论家,意识流写作代表人物,被誉为“二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋”和“二十世纪最重要的现代主义文学作家之一”。
两次世界大战期间,她是伦敦文学界的核心人物,最知名的意识流小说包括《达洛维夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)、《到灯塔去》(To the Lighthouse)等。
《达洛维夫人》是伍尔夫在1925年发表的一部长篇意识流小说,描述了主人公克拉丽莎·达洛维(Clarissa Dalloway)在一战后的英国一天的生活细节,揭露了战争给人们带来的难以慰藉的心理创伤。
本文旨在从创伤理论的视角对小说主人公赛普蒂默斯(Septimus)的创伤经历进行分析,探寻《达洛卫夫人》在书写战争和历史、创伤与治愈方面所具有的重要的理论和现实意义。
二.创伤理论“创伤”(trauma)的病理学研究开始于19世纪70年代,其最初的研究对象本是歇斯底里症(hysteria)。
尚-马丁·夏柯,歇斯底里症研究的先驱,其主要的关注点是患者的“动作麻木,感官丧失,抽筋和健忘”等症状,他的使人们对歇斯底里症有了更为客观的了解。
从女性主义视角解读《达洛维夫人》中的女性形象-2019年文档
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从女性主义视角解读《达洛维夫人》中的女性形象伍尔夫常与“意识流小说家”、“女权主义者”等标签联系在一起,抛去这些不谈,伍尔夫是一位在写作上十分有天赋,在思想上十分独立的女性。
她的代表作《达洛维夫人》,受劳伦斯的影响,在写作手法上应用了大量的人物内心独白,通过人物内心世界的描写来展开小说情节。
与传统小说创作手法不同,伍尔夫的小说并不遵循时间或者空间上的叙述顺序,而是根据人物内心的思想意识延伸,顺着人物的思绪来描摹故事。
《达洛维夫人》以主人公克拉丽莎?达洛维的早晨开始,顺着达洛维夫人的思绪飘到了她的少女时期,时而又穿梭回现在,穿插的叙事随人物的意识而定。
缥缈不定的叙事把故事描画成了一幅幅生动的“绘画”,带有独特的韵味。
这种细腻的写作手法也是身为女性的伍尔夫所特有的。
除了像其他女性作家一样手法细腻之外,伍尔夫还关注到了战争对人们心灵的伤害,英国政治的危机等等。
从宏观叙事上来说,伍尔夫并不把视野局限在家庭琐事上,而是像男性一般关注时事和政治。
既有女性的细腻,也有男性的豪放,写作手法从侧面也体现出了伍尔夫追求两性和谐的女性主义思想。
一、伍尔夫的女性主义思想如伍尔夫的其他几部小说一样,《达洛维夫人》利用特殊的写作手法,加上属于女性作家的细腻观察,伍尔夫提倡并实践的宏观叙事,表现了主人公达洛维夫人矛盾的心理和复杂的情感,其间穿插了几位富有特色的女性人物,也反映了伍尔夫独特的女性主义思想――“双性同体”,男女既有差异,又有共性。
传统的女性主义,或者说女权主义,使男女两性处于一个“二元对立”的关系。
“伍尔夫是第一个提出‘双性同体’的女性主义者,她摒弃了生物学上的涵义而发挥了心理学上的寓意。
”(蔡岚岚,2008)伍尔夫虽然也抵制父权社会对女性的迫害,但是她并不认为两性之间一定要处于对立的位置上,而是你中有我,我中有你的和谐关系。
“揭示两性对立,不是伍尔夫的终极目标;追求两性和谐,才是作者的最终理想。
”(袁素华,2007)这种观点受到了当时很多女性主义者的质疑,但是这并没有影响伍尔夫的坚持,在她的作品中,一直隐晦地体现出这种想法。
达洛维夫人mrs dalloway ppt课件
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Created from two short stories, "Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street" and the unfinished "The Prime Minister", the novel's story is of Clarissa's preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time and in and out of the characters' minds to construct an image of Clarissa's life and of the inter-war social structure.
PPT课件
6
达洛维夫人故事背景与影响
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BackgroundThe trauma of war.战争带来的创伤。
Although the war has ended, but the British society is shrouded in the war left虽然一战已经结束, 但整个英国社会都笼罩在战争留下的阴影中。
After the first World War,western society entered into the era of urbanization and industrialization, people's material life, spiritual life had undergone drastic changes, traditional values began to shake, the center position of religion had been challenged, and the relationship between people became complex and strange. Personal felt be isolated and helpless. People's material desire was expanding, money worship was more and more serious,Acquisitive pursuit of material took place the noble spiritual life, people living in the heart of the "wilderness" must feel pain, anxiety and despair. The great damage and disaster which the war brought made people became to feel suspended and rebelled to the capitalist value system which they always believed, and greatly enhanced a sense of loss that the industrialization brought to people.第一次世界大战结束后,西方社会进入了城市化、工业化的时代,人们的物质生活、精神生活都发生了剧烈的改变,传统的价值观开始动摇,宗教的中心地位受到了挑战,人与人之间的关系变得复杂而生疏,个人感到孤立无援。
《达洛卫夫人》叙事手法
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论文内容提要:《达洛卫夫人》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫意识流小说风格成熟的标志,是现代叙事艺术的精品。
其主要特征表现在三方面:首先是多焦组合式的叙事结构。
小说将内聚焦与零聚焦巧妙地进行搭配,使前者的渗透性和后者的整合性有机结合、优势互补,叙事效果发生了奇妙的变化。
其次,娴熟地采用自由间接式的叙述话语,人物与叙事者的语言、视角能十本分流畅地转换,心灵世界与外部世界完美融合。
第三,在小说的叙事功能上取一种情调模式,使小说弥漫着诗意氛围。
特别是“中心意象”的设计更蕴涵着丰富的文化密码,增加了小说的韵味,拓展了其意义空间。
Abstract:Mrs. Dalloway,a marker of the maurity of Virginia Woolf’sstream-of-consciousness novels, is a treasure of modern narrative art, whose characteristics are embodied in the following aspects.The first is the narrative structure which includes multiple focuses. The ingenious combination of internal focus and zero focus enables the permeability of the former and the complementarity of the latter to make a difference in the narrative effect. The second is the skilful employment of free indirect di scourse. The smooth alternation between a character’s perspective and that of the narrator makes a perfect connection between the inner and outer worlds. The third is the poetic atmosphere created through the use of the central image rich in cultural connotations. This atmosphere adds to the aesthetic appeal of the novel and enlarges its meaning.Key words:Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway narrative art弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在创作了《雅各的房间》以后,1924年在剑桥大学发表了洋洋洒洒的演讲,对自己以前的文学探索作了一次精彩的总结。
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Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself.达洛维夫人说她要亲自去买些花。
For Lucy had her work cut out for her. The doors would be taken off their hinges; umpelmayer's men were coming. And then, thought Clarissa Dalloway, what a morning —fresh as if issued to children on a beach.因为露西已有一份合适的工作要做。
要把门从铰链上卸下来;昂伯尔梅尔公司的人就要到了。
然后,克拉丽莎·达洛维思忖,多惬意的早晨啊——空气清新得仿佛是特意送给海滩上的孩子们似的。
What a lark! What a plunge! For so it had always seemed to her, when, with a little squeak of the hinges, which she could hear now, she had burst open the French windows and plunged at Bourton into the open air. How fresh, how calm, stiller than this of course, the air was in the early morning; like the flap of a wave; the kiss of a wave; chill and sharp and yet (for a girl of eighteen as she then was) solemn, feeling as she did, standing there at the open window, that something awful was about to happen; looking at the flowers, at the trees with the smoke winding off them and the rooks rising,falling; standing and looking until Peter Walsh said, "Musing among the vegetables"—was that it—"I prefer men to cauliflowers"—was that it He must have said it at breakfast one morning when she had gone out on to the terrace—Peter Walsh. He would be back from India one of these days, June or July, she forgot which, for his letters were awfully dull; it was his sayings one remembered; his eyes, his pocket-knife, his smile, his grumpiness and, when millions of things had utterly vanished—how strange it was!—a few sayings like this about cabbages.多么动听的百灵!多么迅疾的举动!对她来说过去似乎总是这样,随着合叶轻微的吱吱声,这声音她现在也能听到,她会突然打开落地窗,扎到伯顿的户外。
那里清晨的空气多清新、多宁静,自然比眼前的更静谧,宛如浪涛拍打,又像浪花亲吻,冰冷刺骨却又(对当时她这样芳龄十八的姑娘来说)显得肃穆,那时她对着敞开的窗伫立着,预感到某种可怕的事即将发生。
她赏着花,凝视着雾霭缭绕的树丛和飞起飞落的白嘴鸭,这样站着凝视着直到听见彼得·沃尔什说:“在蔬菜中冥想吗”——说了那样的话吗“我喜欢人胜过花椰菜”——说了那样的话吗他——彼得·沃尔什一定在一天早晨吃早餐时说了那样的话,那时她已走到外面的阳台了。
近日他会从印度归来,是六月还是七月,她忘了,因为他写的信异常乏味。
他的话她倒记得。
他的双眼、他的折叠刀、他的微笑、他的暴躁,千百万件往事都已如烟消散——真怪!几句如此有关卷心菜的话却浮现出来。
She stiffened a little on the kerb, waiting for Durtnall's van to pass. A charming woman, Scrope Purvis thought her (knowing her as one does know people who live next door to one in Westminster); a touch of the bird about her, of the jay, blue-green,light, vivacious, though she was over fifty, and grown very white since her illness. There she perched, never seeing him, waiting to cross, very upright.她站在马路边上的一个大石头旁,稍微挺了挺身子,等达特奈尔公司的运货车开过。
真是个迷人的女人,斯克罗普·珀维斯这样认为(他熟悉她就如你了解住在威斯敏斯特区隔壁的人那样)。
她有一点鸟的特性,犹如松鸦,青绿、轻快、活泼,尽管她已五十有余,并且患病以来愈显苍白。
她倚在马路边上,压根儿没看到他,直立着身子,等着过街。
For having lived in Westminster—how many years now over twenty,—one feels even in the midst of the traffic, or waking at night, Clarissa was positive, a particular hush, or solemnity; an indescribable pause; a suspense (but that might be her heart, affected, they said, by influenza) before Big Ben strikes. There! Out it boomed. First a warning, musical; then the hour, irrevocable. The leaden circles dissolved in the air. Such fools we are, she thought, crossing Victoria Street. For Heaven only knows why one loves it so, how one sees it so,making it up, building it round one, tumbling it, creating it every moment afresh; but the veriest frumps, the most dejected of miseries sitting on doorsteps (drink their downfall) do the same; can't be dealt with, she felt positive, by Acts of Parliament for that very reason: they love life. In people's eyes, in the swing, tramp, and trudge; in the bellow and the uproar; the carriages, motor cars, omnibuses, vans, sandwich men shuffling and swinging; brass bands; barrel organs; in the triumph and the jingle and the strange high singing of some aeroplane overhead was what she loved; life; London; this moment of June.在威斯敏斯特区住了——到如今多少年有二十几年吧——克拉丽莎可以肯定,即使置身于川流不息的大街,亦或夜晚梦醒,你都会觉察出一种特有的静谧,或是肃穆;一种难以名状的停滞;大本钟敲响之前的心神不宁(不过他们说,那或许是由于她的心脏受了流感的影响)。
听啊!钟声隆隆地响起来了。
开始是预报,悦耳动听;接着是报时,精确无误。
如铅般沉重的音波在空气中渐渐消逝。
她一边穿过维多利亚大街,一边思忖,我们真是大笨蛋。
因为只有天晓得为何人如此热爱生活,怎样看待生活,为之精心构思,围绕自己来构建生活,又将其推翻,每时每刻都在刷新重建;但是即便衣着过时之极的老顽固,坐在门阶上异常懊丧苦恼之辈(酗酒致使他们潦倒)也这般看待生活;她毫不怀疑,正是由于那个原因,即使是议会法案也无可奈何:人们就是热爱生活。
在人们眼里,在轻盈的、沉重的、艰难的步履中,在吼叫和喧嚣里,在四轮马车、汽车、公共汽车、有蓬货车、胸前身后都挂有广告牌的脚步沉重、摇摇摆摆的广告员中,铜管乐队,手摇风琴,在庆功的欢呼声和铃儿的叮当声以及头顶上空飞机奇怪的高歌声中,有她热爱的事物。
生活、伦敦、这六月的时刻。
For it was the middle of June. The War was over, except for some one like Mrs. Foxcroft at the Embassy last night eating her heart out because that nice boy was killed and now the old Manor House must go to a cousin; or Lady Bexborough who opened a bazaar,they said, with the telegram in her hand, John, her favourite, killed; but it was over; thank Heaven—over. It was June. The King and Queen were at the Palace. And everywhere, though it was still so early, there was a beating, a stirring of galloping ponies, tapping of cricket bats; Lords, Ascot, Ranelagh and all the rest of it; wrapped in the soft mesh of the grey-blue morning air, which, as the day wore on, would unwind them, and set down on their lawns and pitches the bouncing ponies, whose forefeet just struck the ground and up they sprung, the whirling young men,and laughing girls in their transparent muslins who, even now, after dancing all night, were taking their absurd woolly dogs for a run; and even now, at this hour, discreet old dowagers were shooting out in their motor cars on errands of mystery;and the shopkeepers were fidgeting in their windows with their paste and diamonds, their lovely old sea-green brooches in eighteenth-century settings to tempt Americans (but one must economise, not buy things rashly for Elizabeth),and she, too, loving it as she did with an absurd and faithful passion, being part of it, since her people were courtiers once in the time of the Georges, she, too, was going that very night to kindle and illuminate; to give her party. But how strange, on entering the Park, the silence; the mist;the hum; the slow-swimming happy ducks; the pouched birds waddling; and who should be coming along with his back against the Government buildings, most appropriately, carrying a despatch box stamped with the Royal Arms, who but Hugh Whitbread; her old friend Hugh—the admirable Hugh!因为时值六月中旬。