第十一讲 宾语从句和表语从句

宾语从句

宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

1.连接词连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which（指事）,who（指人）

1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。

2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether … or not 结构中不能用if 替换。3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。

注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他

2.判断时态情况：

1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。

eg．He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard.

2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句是客观真理时，用一般现在时。

He answered that he was listening to me. Father told me that practice makes perfect .

3. 注意：A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。

I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.

You may depend on it that I shall always help you,

C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。

I don’t think he likes the English teacher.

注意：引导词that在宾语从句中的用法（that 不能省略的情况）

当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;

eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．

当宾语从句有it做形式宾语时eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．

当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;

if,whether在宾语从句中的用法

① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词

后一般不用if

② whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以

③ . 在不定式前只能用whether. 如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下

④避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if

表语从句

定义：表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。位于系动词之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。The problem is puzzling. The problem is when we can get a pay rise.

主语连系动词形容词作表语主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句结构：主句+系动词+表语从句

连接表语从句与主句的关系词主要有三类：

1. 从属连词：that（无有词义，不可省略）, whether （表示是否时，只能用whether引导表语从句）

2. 关系代词：who（主格）whom（宾格）,whose（所有格what（什么）,which（哪个，哪些）

3. 关系副词：when（什么时候）where（什么地方）why（为什么）, how（怎样）例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game. That’s just what I want.

This is where our problem lies. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.

It looks as if it is going to rain.

注意：（重点看）

1. 表语从句要用陈述语序。如：

That is where the famous scientist was born. This is why she is so happy today

2. that和what在引导表语从句时，that本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；

what则表示“所……的（人或事）”，在表语从句中充当主语或宾等。

3. 记住两个常用句型:A. The reason is that..... B．That is why （because）....

意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”

1. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.

A. whatever

B. that

C. which

D. whichever

2. A computer can only do_________ you have instructed it to do.

A. how

B. after

C. what

D. when

3. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?

A. where

B. what

C. how

D. which

4. —I think it’s going to be a big problem.—Yes, it could be. —I wonder we can do about it.

A. if

B. how

C. what

D. that

5. This depends on _________ the weather is fine.

A. which

B. whether

C. if

D. that

6. Could I speak to ____ is in charge of International Sales please?

A. who

B. what C whoever D. whatever

7. Parents are taug ht to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.

A. that

B. how

C. such

D. so

8. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand______ they insist on going by motor-bike.

A why

B whether

C when

D how

9. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _________ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

10. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______ he or she wants.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. wherever

11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.

A. where

B. how

C. what

D. which

12. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. which

13. The way he did it was different we were used to.

A. in which

B. in what

C. from what

D. from which

14. The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get.

A. whichever

B. however

C. whatever

D. whenever

15. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.

A．why B．what C．who D．that

16. Some people believe ___ is easier for small countries to become strong and rich than for large____.

A. that; country

B. it; one

C. that; countries

D. it; ones

17. I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.

A. why

B. when

C. how

D. where

18. —Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said? David? — Yes, Mum

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. if

19. —Do you know _______ Mr. Black’s address is?

—He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.