动词应用讲解

初三英语二轮专项训练(六)

动词应用

动词是英语中最重要的一类词，是各地中考题中必有内容，分值约为10分。常见题型为单项选择、用所给动词的正确形式填空或短文填空等。

首先要求学生在平时的学习中灵活运用动词，了解动词的有关基础知识，如动词的分类、动词的时态和语态。动词的非谓语形式(不定式、动名词、分词等)，熟记动词的变化形式(第三人称单数，过去式、过去分词、现在分词等)。其次还要掌握一些解题技巧。

1、从时间状语或上下文判断时态。

2、从主语与动词的关系判断语态。

3、分析句子结构，确定所给动词是充当谓语动词还是非谓语动词。

4、快速识别—些固定搭配的用法。

A. 解题技巧

选用动词的适当形式填空主要是测试动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词的用法和其他方面的掌握程度。谓语动词有时态、语态的区别；非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。因此，做此类试题首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后确定其正确形式。下面按四个方面将如何确定动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词等形式的方法分述如下：

1.确定时态的方法

A)从句中所含的时间状语来判断：

①一般现在时常用的时间状语有：sometimes，often, always，usually，every Tuesday，in the morning等等。

②一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用：last year，yesterday，ago，last Monday morning，just now等等。

③一般将来时常有表示将来含义的时间状语：tomorrow，next week，this evening等等．

④现在进行时常与now连用，或用look，listen创设现在进行时的语言环境。

⑤过去进行时常与表示“具体的过去时间”连用。如：

at eight last night，at that time，this time yesterday等。

⑥现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already，just，ever，never，yet以及since／for引导的时间状语。

⑦过去完成时常与表示“与过去时间比较已经完成”，含有“过去的过去”之意的时间连用。如：by the end of last year，by l990等。

⑧过去将来时，常出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句里，且常与表示“过去将来”的时间状语连用。如：the next week／month等．

B)①根据上下文联系和时态呼应来判断时态。如；Listen! Who is singing?

②在复合句中，可根据从句的时态判断主句的时态。如：

He has been to many places since he came to China．

也可根据主句的时态决定从句的时态。如宾语从句中若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句一

般要用过去某种时态。如：Bill asked if they could(can)come．

③当主句为一般将来时，从句为if，when，as soon as，until等引导的状语从句时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。如：

If you don't hurry，you'll miss the train．

C)根据习惯表达来判断时态。如：表示客观真理的句子常用一般现在时。如：He said the

earth goes round the sun．

2.确定语态的方法

当句子主语是动作的承受者，含有“被动”之意时，要用被动语态。被动语态的谓语由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be要随着时态和主语的人称和数而变化。中考所涉及的被动语态只有一般现在时、一般过去时和情态动词的被动语态，只要熟练掌握，一般没有什么困难。

3.确定非谓语动词的用法

对于动词不定式，主要掌握其几种基本用法。对动名词和分词只要掌握教材中所出现的常用句型搭配。并把这些动词分清、记牢，同时要注意在用中学。

①跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want，try，forget，hope，decide，choose，agree等。

②跟动名词作宾语的动词有：keep，go，like，finish，enjoy，hate等。

③动词stop，remember，forget等动词既可接不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，意义不同。如：

He stopped talking．

He was so tired that he stopped to have a rest．

④动词let，see，hear，make，feel等后面的宾补在主动语态中常用不带to的不定式作宾补，但改被动语态时，则要带to。如：

They made him work 10 hours a day．

He was made to work 10 hours a day.

4．其他方面

包括习惯用法、句型、短语等有关动词基本形式的测试。如一些常见句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth．／too … to do sth.等。介词后面应用动词ing形式。系动词、实义动词在情态动词、助动词后面及在祈使句里用原形。此处，还应注意一些常见的短语。如：well done，had better do sth．等。这些方面的知识主要靠平时积累，并且多做有关练习，加以巩固记忆，在用中学，才能熟练掌握。

动词填空专项训练

阅读下列短文并用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

(1)

Joan Chen is famous both in China, where she grew up, and in the United States, where she now _________ (live). How did Joan become a famous actress（演员）in two countries? It's an interesting story.

Joan Chen was born in Shanghai in 1961. When she _________ (be) 14, some people from a film company came to her school and _________ (encourage) her to study acting. She was happy about this chance. At the age of 18, she won the Golden Rooster（金鸡奖）, China's top film award.

In late 1970, she _________ (move) to America. Her parents hoped she would study medicine. Instead she looked for work as an actress. She had to start all over again. One day she went to speak to a director, but the interview _________ (not go) well. As she walked away, a man in a car noticed her. The man was Dino Dalaurentiis, the film's producer. He offered her a leading part. A year later, she starred in Bernardo Bertolucci’s The Last Emperor.

(2)

I come from Russia. I _________ (come) to London six months ago to learn English. I_________(not meet) many English people yet, only my teachers. I started learning English at school in Russia when I was eleven, so I have learned it for nearly ten years. At first in London, I didn't understand anything, but I studied hard_________ (improve) my English. I have just taken an exam. When I _________ (pass), I will move into the next class. I'm excited today because my parents are coming tomorrow to stay with me for a few days and I haven't seen them for a long time. They _________(not speak) English.

(3)

The Topps were on the road because five months before, a nephew had told Joe there _________ (be) work to be done in the Napa Valley and he and Nancy decided _________ (try). Breaking up their home in Fort Wayne, Indiana, they packed up the kids and Snoopy and _________ (set) out for California. But once there, the dream Joe hoped for _________ (not come) true, Nancy and the kids were very homesick, and their money was used up. Now it was January and the gamble （冒险）lost, they _________ (be) on their way back to Fort Wayne.

The truck had taken them as far as Roek Springs, Wyoming. But now there was nothing _________ (do) but _________ (sell) it to a junk dealer(废品商)for twenty-five dollars and get a free ride to the bus station. Two pieces of bad news greeted them at the station. Four tickets to Fort Wayne came to much more money than they had, and dogs _________ (not allow) on the bus.

(4)

Salt _________ (be) very common in our everyday life, but have you ever _________ (hear) of some stories about salt? Talking about salt, perhaps nobody can _________ (tell) exactly when people first began _________ (use) it. But it _________ (know) to us all that salt has been used in many different ways all through history. People who _________ (live) over 3,000 years ago ate salted fish and salted meat. In ancient Egypt（古埃及）, salt _________ (use) to keep dead bodies.

Stealing salt was regarded as a serious crime（罪行）at different times. In the eighteenth