挖掘机液压缸设计计算

摘要

液压挖掘机是一种应用广泛的多功能的建设施工机械，作为工程机械的主力机种。由于液压挖掘机具有多品种，多功能，高质量及高效率等特点，因此受到了广大施工作业单位的青睐，其生产制造业也日益蓬勃发展。

液压挖掘机主要有发动机、液压系统、工作装置、回转装置、行走装置和电器控制等部分组成。本论文由主要设计挖掘机的工作装置。挖掘机的主要工作就是土壤的挖掘。工作装置是直接完成挖掘任务的装置，许多挖掘机发达的国家广泛采用新技术、新方法来不断地提高液压挖掘机的作业性能和生产率。通过通用性及专业的挖掘机工作装置设计方法，进行工作装置的全面计算机通用性设计研究对推动国内挖掘机发展具有十分重要的意义。

小型挖掘机具有结构紧凑、传动平稳、挖掘力大、操作简便以及容易实现自动控制等优点。本论文所研究的是斗容量为0.1㎡，型号为徐工XE65D的履带式全液压小型单斗挖掘机。通过设计工作装置的液压缸的尺寸、材料、制造工艺以及进行三维建模，完成挖掘机工作装置的铲斗缸、斗杆缸、动臂缸的设计，最后对所设计的液压缸进行有限元分析。

关键词：挖掘机；工作装置；液压缸；三维建模；有限元分析

Abstract

Hydraulic excavator is a widely used the construction of multi-function construction machinery, as engineering machinery of main type of machine. Because of hydraulic excavator has many varieties, multi-functional, high quality and high efficiency and other characteristics, so by many construction work unit of favor, its production and manufacturing the vigorous development.

Hydraulic excavator are main engine, hydraulic system, work device, and turn to device, walk device and electric control components. This paper mainly design excavator by work device. Excavator the main work is soil mining. Work device is done directly the task of mining equipment, many excavator developed country widely adopted new technology, new methods to constantly improve hydraulic excavator homework performance and productivity. Through the general and specialized excavator working device design method, the comprehensive work device to promote universal design study computer domestic excavator development has the very vital significance.

Small excavators with compact structure, smooth transmission, mining, simple operation and strength to achieve automatic control, etc. This paper studies the capacity for a 0.1 ㎡, type of caterpillar full hydraulic pressure XE65D xu gong small-business single excavator. Through the design of the device the size of the hydraulic cylinder, materials, manufacturing process and 3 d modeling, complete excavator working device bucket cylinder, measures stem cylinder, moving arm cylinder of design, and finally the design of hydraulic cylinder in finite element analysis.

Key words：cylinder jacket；disc spring；bulge spring；spindle；FEM

目录

摘要 .............................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。Abstract ........................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1. 绪论 ....................................................................................................................... III

1.1 小型挖掘机的概述 (5)

1.2 挖掘机液压系统概述 (6)

1.3 小型挖掘机液压系统概述 (5)

1.4 选题背景和研究意义 (6)

2. 液压缸设计方案的确定 (11)

2.1 挖掘机型号及主要参数 (11)

2.2 液压缸各部件材料选择及其技术要求 (12)

2.3 铲斗缸的尺寸设计 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

2.3.1 铲斗缸各部件尺寸设计 ...................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2.3.2 缸筒、活塞杆强度校核 ...................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2.3.3 缸筒、活塞杆稳定性校核 (5)

2.4 斗杆缸的尺寸设计和校核 ........................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2.5 动臂缸的尺寸设计和校核 ........................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2.6 液压缸的安装方式及结构确定 ................................... 错误!未定义书签。

3. 液压缸三维模型的建立 (35)

3.1 Pro/e绘图软件及其介绍 (35)

3.1.1 Pro/e软件简介 (35)

3.1.2 Pro/e软件的特点 (35)

3.2 挖掘机液压缸三维模型建立 ........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

3.2.1 缸筒的结构设计 (39)

3.2.2 活塞杆的结构设计 (40)

3.2.3 活塞的结构设计 (39)

3.2.4 前端盖结构设计 (40)

3.2.5 后端盖结构设计 (40)

3.3 液压缸部件组合装配 ..................................................... 错误!未定义书签。