共同侵权行为论文：共同侵权行为共同侵权制度“共同性”要件关联共同说

共同侵权行为论文：共同侵权行为共同侵权制度“共同性”要件关联共同说

【中文摘要】共同侵权行为构成中的“共同性”要件是共同侵权的本质属性,它作为其最为重要的构成要件,在我国《侵权责任法》实施之际,尚有很多争论。在理论研究层面,由于“共同性”问题涵盖着过错、因果关系等复杂原理,且跟社会政策与公平价值判断问题相联系,一直存在着难以解决的实质性问题。我国各法律对于共同侵权行为“共同性”要件的规定内涵有所不同,法律间的衔接问题有可探讨的巨大空间,不仅需要对我国共同侵权法律制度的学理争论做出辨别与选择,更要选择适合我国司法实践的具体思路与做法。共同侵权制度背后存在着受害人与加害人的利益衡量与价值判断问题,对“共同性”要件的不同解读将会影响到司法实践中对共同侵权行为范围的判断,进而破坏法律适用的统一性。本文从共同侵权制度的价值取向和历史演变出发,得出其设计是与法律、社会环境变迁相一致的,这为我国共同侵权制度的立法解释提供了思路；并探讨了我国共同侵权行为的本质属性应采取关联共同说,为我国学术界长期以来对此内容的争论提供了一个既遵循逻辑与法律体系解释,也符合本国国情的说明与解释。在采取关联共同说的语境之下建构了我国共同侵权制度的基本类型,并具体分析了其构成要件,用全方位体系解释与具体分析结合起来的方法对“共同性”要件问题予以阐释,并找寻疑惑点,为我国现有立法框架下的具体共同侵权形态的相关问题提供思路。

【英文摘要】”Commonness”is the essential attribute and the most important requirement of joint torts. There are a lot of debates on “commonness” with the implementation of Tort Liability Law in China. In theoretical research, “commonness” is involved with complicated issues such as fault and causal relationships, and is related to social policy and value judgment, so there have been substantive problems to be addressed. In China different laws have different rules about connotations of “commonness”in joint torts, and there is huge space in discussing cohesion between different provisions. Therefore we need to distinguish between academic disputes and choose appropriate judicial guidance that is suited to China’s judicial practice.In joint torts system there exist problems with interests balancing and value judgment between the tort party and the injured party. Different readings about “commonness” lead to different judgments on the scope of joint torts in judicial practices. This will ruin the unity of law application.This thesis begins with value orientation and historical development of joint torts system, and concludes that the system is consistent with social change and law evolution. This gives some thoughts for legislative explanation for Mainland China’s joint torts system. This

thesis also points out the theory of joint association should be adopted to explain the essential attribute of joint torts. This theory gives logical and appropriate explanation, conforming to China’s legal system and national conditions, for the long-term debates in academic circle. This thesis, in the context of joint association theory, constructs basic types of joint torts system, analyzes constitutive requirements of joint torts system, interprets requirements of “commonness”with omni-directional explanation and concrete analysis, clears up confusions, and provides some thoughts for addressing problems related to joint torts in China’s existing legislative framework.

【关键词】共同侵权行为共同侵权制度“共同性”要件关联共同说

【英文关键词】Joint torts Joint torts system Requirement of Commonness Theory of joint association 【目录】论共同侵权行为构成中的“共同性”要件内容摘要

4-5Abstract5引言8-9一、共同侵权制度概述

9-17(一) 共同侵权制度的价值取向9-12 1. 填补受害人损害保护受害人权利9-10 2. 加重侵权人责任强化预防侵权行为

10-11 3. 分配赔偿风险公平合理分担损失11-12(二) 域外共同侵权制度的历史沿革12-17 1. 大陆法系概况12-15 2. 英美