大学英语4

1、 Every advance in communications technology is a setback ____ the intimacy of human interaction、
A)at
B)from
C)to
D)for
2、 He saw the _______ of his face in the mirror、
A)image
B)picture
C)portrait
D)drawing
3、 More than one in four American children are growing up in ___ _ __-parent homes、
A)one
B)alone
C)only
D)single
4、 Subspecies are _______ by markings on their wings、
A)differentiated
B)departed
C)depreciated
D)distanced
5、 The first thing was to schedule a game with a similar team from a nearby town、
A)begin
B)take place on time
C)alter the date for
D)appoint for a date
6、 Both France and Germany _______ claim to the territory、
A)placed
B)Laid
C)lied
D)put
7、 John _____ his overcoat、
A)moved
B)removed
C)washed off
D)picked
8、Economists expect people’s living standards to continue rising in the decades _____、
A)ahead
B)before
C)forward
D)front
9、 The Renaissance was a(n) __ ___ of unparalleled cultural achievement、
A)time
B)spell
C)instance
D)epoch
10、 The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television�people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people、
A)in which�
B)on which
C)when������
D)that
11、 The children have grown accustomed _____ looking after their grandparents、
A)with
B)to
C)for
D)on
12、 He ____________ the initiative by speaking first at the meeting
A)wakes
B)cakes
C)takes
D)makes
13、 They slaughtered us、
A)killed
B)bothered
C)destroyed the will of
D)defeated completely
14、 It dawned on us that we were engaged in a sport, not in play、
A)It was clear
B)We came to understand
C)We were forced to believe
D)We were convinced
15、Who walks away with most of the booty won’t be decided in labs or universities、
A)stolen things
B)patent fees
C)profit
D)support
16、 She read me a few ______ from her new novel、
A)distracts
B)expects
C)detects
D)extracts
17、 The old man put meat into the oven to _____ for dinner、
A)bake
B)scorch
C)roast
D)heat
18、 The child has grown quite attached ________ the country life after she spent the vacation with her grandma、
A)with
B)to
C)on
D)down
19、 So many directors _______ , the board meeting had to be put off、
A)were absent
B)been absent
C)had been absent�
D)being absent
20、 You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance、
A)shouldn’t follow
B)mustn’t follow
C)couldn’t have been following
D)shouldn’t have been following
21、 Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they�can participate in、
A)conservative
B)content����
C)confident
D)generous
22、 Promotion went to the ______ in rank、
A)seniors
B)superiors
C)officials
D)aged
23、 During the famine many people ______ eating grass and leaves、
A)had to
B)needed nothing but
C)looked forward to
D)were reduced to
24、 To transcend physical pain gives one the strength to conquer mental agonies、
A)occupy
B)break from
C)overcome
D)take away
25、Technology has an amplifying effect on students’ habits、
A)making more powerful
B)making potential
C)accelerating
D)promoting
26、 The ______ American family today has two or three children、
A)mean
B)average
C)level
D)casual
27、 Scientists are often considered as sources of great innovations、
A)inventions
B)revolutions
C)gadgets
D)instruments、
28、 Science has developed no cure _____ envy、
A)in
B)at
C)for
D)of
29、I didn’t know the word、 I had to _______ a dictionary、
A)look out��
B)make out��
C)refer to��
D)go over
30、 You will see this product _______ wherever you go、
A)to be advertised
B)advertised��
C)advertise��
D)advertising
31、 Most high school students concede that they are, to some extent, distracted by computer games、
A)admit
B)recognize
C)make a concession
D)grant
32、 The encyclopedia is ________ with information about everything under the sun、
A)crammed
B)crept
C)jammed
D)wept
33、 This policy maintained by the Security Council will have an impact __ _____ world peace、
A)on
B)over
C)to
D)above
34、 Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining�fresh�water is not the least、
A)with which�
B)for which��
C)of which��
D)which
35、 John is ______ with Mary in writing a book、
A)combining
B)merging
C)associating
D)collaborating
36、I didn’t _______ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late、
A)assume����
B)suppose�
C)mean������
D)hope
37、 Can you ______ your absence from the class last Saturday?
A)account for
B)excuse
C)examine
D)expand
38、 This policy maintained by the Security Council will have an impact __ _____ world peace、
A)on
B)over
C)to
D)above
39、 Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ______ discrimination and to deal with environmental problems、
A)ban
B)handle
C)investigate
D)list
40、 The government is planning to grant subsidies to support a dying industry、
A)give
B)scheme
C)design
D)blueprint
41、 In judging our work you should take into _______ the fact that we have been very busy recently、
A)consideration
B)thought
C)mind
D)memory
42、 Cancellation of the flight _______ many passengers to spend the night at the�airport、
A)resulted��
B)obliged�
C)demanded�����
D)recommended
43、 What you have just said does not _____ with what we have learned from the witness、
A)accord
B)harmonize
C)support
D)consent
44、 Daylight ______ long in the summer time、
A)lingers
B)stays
C)hovers
D)persists
45、 The present arrangement was _____ reasonably well、
A)in use
B)proceeded
C)working
D)practical
46、 Fred ________ the bag as his by telling what it contained、
A)identified
B)recognized
C)determined
D)admitted
47、 Geneticists figure that it is best to protect their turf now and go spelunking around in it later、
A)think
B)count
C)explain
D)disbelieve
48、 It is a mistaken idea to ________ inexperience with youth、
A)match
B)equivalent
C)compare
D)equate
49、The child couldn’t ______ the advanced textbook、
A)interpret
B)read
C)translate
D)comprehend
50、 A funny thing happened ______ the way to the communications revolution、
A)to
B)on
C)over
D)along
What does “family” mean to Americans? The traditional American family is a “nuclear family”、A ##1## family refers to a husband and wife and their children、 The ##2## American family today has two or three children (and maybe a few pets)、 In some cultures, people live close to their ##3## family、 Several generations may even live together、 In America, only in a few cases does more than one household live ##4## one roof、 American values receive a warm welcome in the home、Many homes are ##5## like a democracy、 Each family member can have a ##6## 、 A sense of equality often exists in American homes、 Instead of ##7## Mom and Dad, children may think of them as good friends、 Husbands and wives often share household chores、 In many cases, a ##8##can enjoy privacy in his or her own bedroom、 ##9## an early age, children gain responsibility in handling money、 They may receive a weekly ##10## or even work part-time jobs、 Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions、 Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy、 Young adults generally make their own choices ##11## what career to pursue and whom to marry、 Families in America, like those in every culture, ##12## many problems、 Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes、 ##13## half of the U、S、 marriages end in divorce、 More than one in four American children are ##14## up in single-parent homes、As a result, many people believe the American family is in ##15##、 Even so, there is still reason ##16## hope、 Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families、 Americans almost ##17## believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life、 The ##18##majority also feel that the traditional two-parent family is best for children、 They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought ##19## serious consequences、 As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority、 Many women are ##20## their jobs to stay home
with their children、 Families are going on vacations and outings together、 Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid、
1、
A)nuclear
B)expanded
C)extended
D)nucleus
2、
A)usual
B)average
C)mean
D)common
3、
A)nuclear
B)expanded
C)intended
D)extended
4、
A)beneath
B)underneath
C)under
D)below
5、
A)run
B)worked
C)powered
D)motivated 6、
A)speak
B)tell
C)talk
D)say
7、
A)threatening
B)fearing
C)trembling
D)shivering 8、
A)child
B)boy
C)daughter
D)son
9、
A)Until
B)On
C)From
D)Of
10、
A)permission
B)grant
C)offer
D)allowance
11、
A)with
B)about
C)over
D)of
12、
A)face
B)oppose
C)confront
D)turn
13、
A)More
B)Below
C)Under
D)Over
14、
A)bringing
B)rearing
C)growing
D)leveling
15、
A)trouble
B)risk
C)danger
D)doubt
16、
A)on
B)with
C)for
D)to
17、
A)uniquely
B)unanimously
C)usually
D)ultimately
18、
A)vast
B)wide
C)broad
D)great
19、
A)up
B)upon
C)with
D)about
20、
A)moving
B)turning
C)quitting
D)backing
1、 Failing health _____ his ambition、
A)deteriorated
B)dwindled
C)decreased
D)relieved
2、 You will see this product _______ wherever you go、
A)to be advertised
B)advertised��
C)advertise��
D)advertising
3、 Jobs and work do much to provide happiness and content, and more importantly, psychological ______ that can make the difference between a full and empty life、
A)man
B)nature
C)instinct
D)well-being
4、I didn’t _______ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late、
A)assume����
B)suppose�
C)mean������
D)hope
5、 Subspecies are _______ by markings on their wings、
A)differentiated
B)departed
C)depreciated
D)distanced
6、 It dawned on us that we were engaged in a sport, not in play、
A)It was clear
B)We came to understand
C)We were forced to believe
D)We were convinced
7、 He has been investigated and found blameless、
A)asked
B)examined
C)dismissed
D)instigated
8、Who walks away with most of the booty won’t be decided in labs or universities、
A)stolen things
B)patent fees
C)profit
D)support
9、 These are our _____ for doing it、
A)drives
B)motives
C)themes
D)subjects
10、 Do you know where Nile has its _______ ?
A)starting
B)beginning
C)source
D)course
11、 Science has developed no cure _____ envy、
A)in
B)at
C)for
D)of
12、 Can you ______ your absence from the class last Saturday?
A)account for
B)excuse
C)examine
D)expand
13、 The doctors have _______ the hope to rescue the old man、
A)turned down
B)abandoned
C)refused
D)left
14、 He ____________ the initiative by speaking first at the meeting
A)wakes
B)cakes
C)takes
D)makes
15、I’ll never forget _______ you for the first time、
A)to meet��
B)meeting���
C)to have met�����
D)having to be meeting
16、 They have stirred a lot of controversy in the process、
A)opponents
B)proponents
C)disputes
D)conversion
17、Economists expect people’s living standards to continue rising in the decades _____、
A)ahead
B)before
C)forward
D)front
18、 A funny thing happened ______ the way to the communications revolution、
A)to
B)on
C)over
D)along
19、 Every advance in communications technology is a setback ____ the intimacy of human interaction、
A)at
B)from
C)to
D)for
20、 Washington is a great of great buildings, greenery and monuments、
A)exhibition
B)extravaganza
C)exhaustion
D)extinction
21、 Cancellation of the flight _______ many passengers to spend the night at the�airport、
A)resulted��
B)obliged�
C)demanded�����
D)recommended
22、 The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position、
A)curiosity�
B)status������
C)determination�
D)significance
23、 This policy maintained by the Security Council will have an impact __ _____ world peace、
A)on
B)over
C)to
D)above
24、 So many directors _______ , the board meeting had to be put off、
A)were absent
B)been absent
C)had been absent�
D)being absent
25、 Most high school students concede that they are, to some extent, distracted by computer games、
A)admit
B)recognize
C)make a concession
D)grant
26、 She read me a few ______ from her new novel、
A)distracts
B)expects
C)detects
D)extracts
27、 He always did well at school _______ having to do part-time jobs every�now and then、
A)in spite of
B)regardless of
C)on account of
D)in case of
28、 No one can appreciate the _______ of health until he loses it、
A)break
B)bleak
C)brace
D)bliss
29、 He saw the _______ of his face in the mirror、
A)image
B)picture
C)portrait
D)drawing
30、 What you have just said does not _____ with what we have learned from the witness、
A)accord
B)harmonize
C)support
D)consent
31、I didn’t know the word、 I had to _______ a dictionary、
A)look out��
B)make out��
C)refer to��
D)go over
32、 After , I have nothing to be ashamed of、
A)that
B)it
C)all
D)both
33、 The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television�people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people、
A)in which�
B)on which
C)when������
D)that
34、 The encyclopedia is ________ with information about everything under the sun、
A)crammed
B)crept
C)jammed
D)wept
35、 The government is planning to grant subsidies to support a dying industry、
A)give
B)scheme
C)design
D)blueprint
36、 Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ______ discrimination and to deal with environmental problems、
A)ban
B)handle
C)investigate
D)list
37、 During the famine many people ______ eating grass and leaves、
A)had to
B)needed nothing but
C)looked forward to
D)were reduced to
38、 Geneticists figure that it is best to protect their turf now and go spelunking around in it later、
A)think
B)count
C)explain
D)disbelieve
39、 The child has grown quite attached ________ the country life after she spent the vacation with her grandma、
A)with
B)to
C)on
D)down
40、He smiled, with the ________ that he didn’t believe me、
A)candor
B)honesty
C)implication
D)intention
41、 She has thrown herself ________ gardening with great enthusiasm、
A)down
B)into
C)upon
D)off
42、The United Nations has ________ 1994 the “International Year of the Family”、
A)announced
B)published
C)declared
D)claimed
43、 In judging our work you should take into _______ the fact that we have been very busy recently、
A)consideration
B)thought
C)mind
D)memory
44、 John is ______ with Mary in writing a book、
A)combining
B)merging
C)associating
D)collaborating
45、 The patient slid _____ sleep after taking the medicine、
A)down
B)out
C)into
D)up
46、 Both France and Germany _______ claim to the territory、
A)placed
B)Laid
C)lied
D)put
47、“May I speak to your manager Mr、Williams at five o’clock tonight?” “I’m sorry、 Mr、Williams _______ to a conference long before then、”
A)will have gone
B)had gone��
C)would have gone���
D)has gone
48、 The old man put meat into the oven to _____ for dinner、
A)bake
B)scorch
C)roast
D)heat
49、 This policy maintained by the Security Council will have an impact __ _____ world peace、
A)on
B)over
C)to
D)above
50、 Stimulating music can _____ the driver especially when traffic is heavy or traffic conditions are difficult、
A)extract
B)distract
C)attract
D)exact
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it; keep the idea secret; or patent it、 Secrecy obviously evaporates once the invention is sold or used, and there is always the risk that in the meantime another inventor, working quite independently, will make and patent the same discovery、 A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, whereby in return for a limited period of monopoly (16 years in the U、K、), the inventor publish full details of his invention to the public、 Once the monopoly period expires, all those details of the invention pass into the public domain、 Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the life-span of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events、 The longest extension ever granted was to George Valensi: his 1933 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971, because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention、 But even short extensions are normally extremely rare、Because a patent remains perpetually published after it has expired, the shelves of the library attached to the British Patent Office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are
free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent、 Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding infringement of any other inventor’s rights is to plagiarize a dead patent、 Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to cull ideas from other ideas of print、 Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security、 Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most new ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills、 It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity, or the availability of the new technology, that makes news and money、 The basic patents for the manufacture of margarine and the theory of magnetic recording date back to 1869 and 1886 respectively、 Many of the original ideas behind television stem from the late 19th and early 20th century, well before Baird aroused public interest、 Every stereo gramophone sold today owes its existence to theory patented by Blumlein in 1931, and Volkswagen rear car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear、 Such anticipations can have surprising significance、Leonardo da Vinci’s original ideas for flight were inevitably unpatented but in 1842, the Englishmen, Stringfellow and Henson, were granted a patent containing details of an aircraft of which a heavier-than-air model was reported to have flown 60 years before Wilbur and Orville Wright、 Another Englishman, James Butler, patented a jet engine in 1867—a ful l 70 years before Frank Whittle’s famous British patent for jet propulsion、Incidentally, Whittle’s patent was allowed to lapse after only four years, through nonpayment of renewal fees, and passed into the public domain as early as January, 1934; but by then, the inventor had signed an agreement with the Air Ministry、 Even the apparently safe history of the telephone and gramophone contains some surprises、 U、S、 legal case law details how an American called Drawbaugh had ideas for a telephone which anticipa ted Bell’s patents of 1875—76 by five years、 But it was Alexander Graham Bell who made the system practical on a commercial level and was acknowledged and rewarded as inventor、 The future will produce many similar situations、Patents are daily being granted for ideas from inventors for schemes that can not yet work—but that one day, following massive investment by industry, will become a reality、 It is remarkably easy to sit in the comfort of an armchair and patent pipe dreams which are nothing more than prophesies of the future and problems for others to solve、
1、 The first paragraph suggests the best course of action after an invention is made is 、
A)to publish it without delay
B)to keep it as a secret
C)to sign an agreement with large companies
D)to patent it
2、 A live patent refers to 、
A)a patent that will produce a large profit
B)a patent whose monopoly period has not expired
C)a patent that has a long extension of life-span
D)a patent related to energy sources
3、 According to Paragraph 4, patents and inventions 、
A)may not be new ideas
B)are mostly old ideas re-patented
C)represent the latest development of technology
D)can’t be applied to commercial practice until their monopoly period expires
4、 The ideas of Leonado da Vinci and the patent of Stringfellow and Henson are mentioned as examples 、
A)of cooperation between commerce and scientific studies
B)of the application of patents to aviation industry
C)to show the significance of scientific anticipations
D)to illustrate the process of an invention
5、Whittle’s patent lapsed early due to 、
A)an agreement signed by Whittle with the Air Ministry
B)ideas published by James Butler
C)re-patent of the jet engine
D)non-payment of renewal fees
People’s tastes in recreation differ widely、 At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians、 They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August、 They were packed together like sardines for four days、 There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere、 At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left, and they had difficulty in getting back home、 Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort: the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously、 Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open unspoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature、In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled、 Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wilderness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest、 Along the coasts of some of the maritime countries, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel、 Another path, lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England、 It is called the Pennine Way、 Here, the long distance walker and the nature lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling hemmed in by large numbers of their fellows、 Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone’s benefit、 The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by、 A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove、 They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car、 Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to walk a yard、 They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic、
6、 In Britain it is very risky to ______、
A)go with a single railway ticket
B)listen to pop-music at festivals
C)sleep in the open
D)pack together in crowds
7、 Most people would think that this way of living was very _______、
A)uncomfortable
B)risky
C)difficult
D)enjoyable
8、 Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large _______、
A)tracks through the open country
B)areas of country without soil
C)areas of countryside not developed
D)expanses of land where nobody works
9、 The Pennine Way _______、
A)is built along the coast
B)follows the length of the mountains
C)goes for miles along the cliffs
D)is hemmed in by the mountains
10、 Family groups nowadays like to _______、
A)have meals out of doors by the road-side
B)go for a walk away from home
C)drive out past the beautiful places
D)hear and smell the animals
Think of the computers in science-fiction films that can do everything, like those in The Matrix、In reality, even the superest of the supercomputers can’t read the way we do、They can’t learn or reason like us、 Creating a computer that can read and learn at a sophisticated level is a major goal of artificial intelligence researchers、The US Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) is backing two Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) professors who are trying to build a machine that can learn by reading、“We have such a complex military now, it’s so high-tech, we need AI to help us,” said Selmer Bringsjord, director of RPI’s Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning Lab、 He believes that artificial intelligence (AI) machines might be able to read military plans or manuals and adjust automatically in the midst of a heated battle、AI is already a part of our lives、It’s in programmes used by banks in evaluati ng borrower credit ratings, software that suggests corrected spellings for unrecognized words, and investigative programmes that search databases for non-obvious relationships、It’s complicated But reading is difficult for machines、 Sentences must be converted into formal logic equations or other computer-friendly formats、 Computers can do this on a modest scale、 What has proved more elusive, however, is the software that can make sense of the verbal groups contained in a long, complicated sentence、“Natural language is very ambiguous,” said Boris Kats of MIT’s (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Artificial Intelligence Laboratory、“If you go beyond sentences like ‘John loves Mary,’ to something like a paragraph from The Wall Street Journal … there are some complex phenomena in language that are pretty hard to represent、” Bringsjord and fellow professor Konstantine Arkoudas want to create algorithms、 These are mathematical formulas that might allow their “Poised-for-Learning” machine to convert sentences into formal logic、 The next step would be to create an additional set of algorithms、 These would allow the machine to use information it takes in to figure things out、Be quick please “In order to succeed, we’ll need systems that can remember where they’ve been and what they’ve seen and improve themselves over time,” said Ronald Brachman, director of DARPA’s Information Processing Technology Office、 Machines that might be asked to help make battle-related decisions can’t adjust to quickly changing condition s in the field, Bringsjord said、 He envisions AI robots of the future taking in all the relevant cultural, historical, and geographical data about an area、It’s not that crazy、 Some people consider machines already cognitive (knowledgeable), depending on the definition of the word、In Texas, Cycorp has been building a “knowledge base” with the goal of becoming a store of human knowledge that can make intelligent decisions、 Machines already exist that understand spoken words, recognize faces and make inferences based on
experience、 But, if you are worried about an all-knowing computer, you might be too early、Katz believes a computer that can reason at the level of even a baby is far off、“I’m still looking for that common sense that 3-year-olds have,” MIT’s Katz said、
11、 According to Selmer Bringsjord, the US military is so that they need AI to help them、
A)very artificial and intelligent
B)very investigative and non-obvious
C)very complex and high-tech
D)very elusive and automatic
12、 Th e statement that “reading is difficult for machines” is true in that 、
A)sentences must be converted into formal logic equations
B)sentences must be converted into computer-friendly formats
C)the software that can understand long, complicated verbal groups is elusive
D)all of the above
13、Selmer Bringsjord and his fellow professor plan to enable their “Poised-for-Learning” machine to figure things out by 、
A)using information it takes in
B)creating two sets of algorithms
C)making formal logic formats
D)converting sentences into formal logic
14、To MIT’s Boris Katz, a computer that can reason at the human level 、
A)is still a long way from now
B)is already available。