牛津译林模块三第三单元课文同步梳理

Unit 3 Back to the past

Welcome to the unit & Reading (1)

Project (6)

Writing (11)

Welcome to the unit & Reading

[原文呈现][读文清障]

Lost civilizations①

Day 1, 15 July

I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.Next week we are flying②to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert③.Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.

Day 2, 16 July

This morning we attended a lecture④about Pompeii.The city was founded⑤in the 8th century BC⑥.In 89 BC, the Romans⑦took over⑧Pompeii.It then became a rich and busy city.Near the city was a volcano⑨.On 24 August AD⑩ 79, the volcano erupted⑪and lava⑫，ash⑬and rocks poured⑭out of it onto the surrounding countryside.It continued to erupt for the next two

①civilization/ˌsIvəlaI'zeIʃn/n.文明

②are visiting 和are flying 都是现在进行时，表示的是将要发生的动作。

③which is known as ...是非限制性定语从句，修饰Loulan。

④lecture/'lektʃə(r)/n.讲座attend a lecture 听讲座

⑤found/faʊnd/vt.兴建，创建

⑥BC/ˌbiː'siː/abbr.公元前(before Christ 的缩写)

⑦Roman/'rəʊmən/n.罗马人adj.罗马的，罗马人的

⑧take over夺取；接管

⑨volcano/vɒl'keInəʊ/n.火山(pl.) volcanoes/volcanos

表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序。

⑩AD/ˌeI'diː/abbr.公元(Anno Domini 的缩写)

days.Many people were buried⑮alive⑯，and so was the city⑰.How unfortunate⑱！

Day 3, 17 July

Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago⑲.How amazing！⑳ The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it○21.People started to dig○22in the area for treasure, which caused much damage○23.Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved○24 and studied○25.

⑪erupt/I'rʌpt/vi.(火山等)爆发

⑫lava/'lɑːvə/n.熔岩，火山岩

⑬ash/æʃ/n.灰，灰烬ashes 废墟；骨灰

⑭pour/pɔː(r)/vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)

⑮bury vt.埋，埋葬；安葬

⑯alive adj.活的，在句中作主语补足语。

⑰so was the city是“so＋助动词＋主语”的部分倒装结构。

⑱unfortunate/ʌn'fɔːtʃənət/adj.不幸的，遗憾的

⑲as用作连词，意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。

⑳How amazing! 多令人惊奇啊！amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的

○21when a farmer discovered ...是定语从句，修饰the 18th century, when 相当于in which。

○22dig v．挖，掘n.触，碰；挖苦，讽刺；挖掘

○23which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。

○24preserve v．保存，保护

preserve sb./sth.from ...保护……免受……

○25so it could be ...是目的状语从句。

失落的文明

[第1～3段译文]

第一天，7月15日

能获得这次旅行的机会我感到很幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城。庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明。

第二天，7月16日

今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8世纪。公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市。离该城不远处有一座火山。公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄。火山爆发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。真是太不幸了！

第三天，7月17日

今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多令人惊奇啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1860年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。

○26When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud○27 on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decorated○28with wall paintings○29.I also saw the people who had been buried alive.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee○30the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.Years later, researchers○31were able to use these empty spaces to produce true-to-life○32figures of the people who had died in the disaster○33.You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell○34. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now.It's hard to imagine○35how this peaceful volcano destroyed○36the whole city○37！

Day 10, 24 July

○26when引导时间状语从句；as引导方式状语从句。

with stepping stones ...是with复合结构(with＋宾语＋介词短语)，作状语，修饰had been。

○27mud/mʌd/n.泥浆，烂泥

○28decorate/'dekəreIt/vt.装饰，装潢

be decorated with 装饰有……

○29which引导定语从句，修饰houses。

○30flee/fliː/(fled, fled) vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开

○31researcher/rI'sɜːtʃə(r)/n.研究者，调查者

○32true-to-life/'truːtəˌlaIf/adj.逼真的

○33disaster/dI'zɑːstə(r)/n.灾难

who had died ...是定语从句，修饰the people。

○34where the people fell是定语从句，修饰places。

○35imagine v．想象；认为，想，后接名词、代词、