2018高中英语人教版必修四教学案:unit 4 section 3 含答案
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[语法初识]
[语法剖析]
现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1.作时间状语
现在分词作时间状语时,常放在句首,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise, I turned round.
=When I heard the noise, I turned round.
听到响声我转过身去。
2.作原因状语
现在分词作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句,也可以放在句首。
Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.
=Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.
由于贫穷,他买不起一台电视机。
3.作条件状语
现在分词作条件状语时,相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll certainly succeed.
=If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed.
只要努力学习,你肯定会成功的。
4.作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大损失。
[点津] 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。试比较:He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。
5.作让步、方式和伴随状语
现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.
=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
即时演练1
1-1.用现在分词作状语改写下列句子
①When she turned around, she saw a car driving up.
→Turningaround , she saw a car driving up.
②They stood there and waited for the bus.