定语从句与高考

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15年来英语高考题对定语从句的考查

一年一度的高考并非神秘莫测,它完全按照教学大纲和《考试说明》(实验稿)的要求,考查中学生掌握课本的情况。有的同学面对高考题,感到束手无策,甚至晕场,为什么?看了下面的文章,你便知道高考题是怎样来源于教材,又高于教材的。

纵观十五年的高考,高考题在英语科单项选择题中对定语从句的考查有19处,具有代表性的题目有14个。下面让我们从定语从句的两大试题类型入手,看一看高考题与课文句子的对应关系。

一、定语从句修饰人或物。

1.NMET2002春—32

—You're always working.Come on.Let's go shopping.

—______ you ever want to do is go shopping.

A.Anything B.Something C.All D.That

选C项。从表面上看,此题考查不定代词,而实际上是考查定语从句,因此,首先确定you ever want to do是省略了that的定语从句;All是先行词,也是主句的主语,意为“你想做的一切事情,是买东西”。有的同学看不透这一点;再者,表语go shopping是省略to的不定式,to的省略增加了审题的难度,多数同学感到无从下手。

13年前考过这个句型的题目,请看:

2.MET89—36

All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.

A.the thing B.that C.what D.which

选B项。本题有两个is,但不是并列关系,其中一个是从句的系动词,据句意“所有需要的一切是石油供应。”可知,主语all后有一个定语从句。当先行词是不定代词all,something,anything,nothing,everything等词时,关系代词要用that,而不用which,故选B。what不能引导定语从句,只引导名词从句,此句中若没有all,则要用what,如:What is needed is food after the war.

张道真先生在《实用英语语法》第237页写道:“All I could do was go home.”

3.上海2002

Alec asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom

选C项。此题考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,work with sb.和某人在一起工作,whom作介词的宾语,用来引导定语从句,修饰policeman,A项不能引导定语从句,D项缺少介词,B项只能用于下列句式中:...______he worked with...,这时,还可填that或省略引导词。

4.MET 92—27

In the dark street,there wasn't a single person ______ she could turn for help.

A.at B.who C.from whom D.to whom

选D项。根据定语从句与先行词的关系,

可得到这样一个句子:She could turn to the single person for help.显然用turn to sb.for help 的结构。因此,应该用to +whom引导定语从句。

5.NMET 2001—22

The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A.until B.that C.when D.where

选C项。该题考查引导定语从句的关系词的用法,先行词hours指时间,在定语从句中作状语,故用关系副词when。再如:This is the hour when the school gate is full of children's parents.这是学校门口挤满了孩子的家长的时刻。

6.NMET 96—16

After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.

A.which B.where C.that D.when

选B项。引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作地点状语,相当于“in the small town”。

7.94上海

I shall never forget the years ______ I lived in the countryside with the farmers,______ has

a great effect on my life.

A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who

选B项。第一个空白处,由when引导一个定语从句修饰years,第二个空白处,which 引导一个非限制性定语从句,which指I lived in the countryside一事。

8.MET88—12

Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?

A.at where B.which C.in which D.at which

选C项。表示出生“地点”,要么用关系副词where,要么用“介词in+关系代词”。排除A、B,可以说“in the house”,而不能说“at the house”,故排除D。

9.MET 90—24

He paid the boy $10for washing the windows,most of ______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.

A.these B.those C.that D.which

选D项。根据定语从句与先行词关系,可得出一个单句:Most of the windows hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.不定量词+介词+which引导一个定语从句。

[归纳]

1.在限制性定语从句中,由who,whom,whose,that引导定语从句修饰人,当引导词在从句中作宾语时,引导词可省略。

2.关系副词when,where或介词+which引导定语从句修饰事物。

[扩展]

(1)当先行词前有形容词的最高级,或the only,the very,the first,the last等修饰时,或先行词是不定代词时,用that而不用which引导定语从句。

(2)whose也可以用来表示事物的所有关系,如房屋的门窗、大树的树冠、书的封面等。

(3)在such...as...,the same...as,the same...that的结构中,as,that也能引导定语从句。

(4)先行词是reason时,用why引导定语从句,why可以省略。修饰way时,常用that 引导定语从句,that可省略。

二、非限制性定语从句修饰人、物或整个事情。

1.NMET 2002春—35

The famous basketball star,______tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention.A.where B.when C.which D.who

选D项。此题考查who引导的非限制性定语从句。其标志非常明显,前后有两个逗号隔开,根据从句的意义,此空应填who作主语,因为star指人。

有的同学认准这么一条:非限制性定语从句只能用which引导,而不能用that,想当然

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