初中英语知识归纳——【介词】

3.用作表语
在系动词后的介词短语用作表语。如：
My father was in the army two years ago.两年前我父亲在部队。
This book will be of great use to you.这本书对你会有很大的用处。
（五）某些介词的意义与用法举例
（1）at, on, in（表时间）
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.
（3）beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
（13）over与above(under与below)
over，above都表示“在……的上面”，over表示“正上方”，而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”，over还可表示“越过……”。over的反义词是under，above的反义词是below．例如：
There is a bridge over the river
Our plane flew above the clouds．
（14）表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别
for后面接时间段，since之后接时间点
II．例题
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
介词短语表示时间、地点、方式和原因等。如：
Class begins at half past seven. (时间) 7时半开始上课。
His parents work on a farm. (地点)他父母在农场工作。
She came here by train. (方式)她乘火车来这里。
He didn’t go to school because of his illness. (原因)
（6）in the corner, at the corner
in the corner指在拐角内at the corner指在拐角外
（7）in the morning, on the morning
in the morning泛指早晨on the morning特指某一天的早晨
（8）by bus, on the bus
在next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用at, in, on.
(3)在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如: (on) that day
(四)介词短语在句子中的作用
1.用作状语
(二)固定搭配的介词
(1)动词+介词：look after，look at，look for，laugh at，listen to，hear from，turn on，turn off, wait for，worry aboBiblioteka Baidut，think of，spend．．．on，agree with, ask for, belong to, care about等。
(2)介词十名词：by train，on foot，at the end of ,at last，in the end，in trouble，at table，at breakfast，in hospital, in time，on time, on one’s way to等。
(3)be+形容词+介词：be afraid of ,be good at，be good／bad for，be late for，be interested in，be angry with，be full of，be sorry for等。
例5. Every morning she would give him breakfast____ bed and bring him the papers to read.
A. to B. at C. in D. by
解析：答案是C。本题考查bed一词与什么介词搭配。“在床上”应上in bed。
from time to time不时地from head to foot浑身
from morning to night从早到晚from start to finish从头至尾
from door to door挨门挨户地from place to place到各地
from generation to generation一代一代地from cover to cover (书面)全部地，从头至尾
（10）in, with, by
这三个词都可以表示“用”，但用法不同。by指用方式，手段，方法，是无形的。with指用有形的具体器具或身体部位，行为者往往是人。in指用语言，单位（表长度，质量单位），材料。
eg. The length is measured in meter, kilometer and centimeter. (长度是用米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的.)
On Christmas Day, On a cold winter morning,
（2）between, among（表位置）
between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between,如：I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. / The village lies between three hills.
by bus泛指乘坐一种交通工具on the bus特指乘某一辆车
（9）across, through
arcoss“横过，穿过”，指从一端到另一端，或成十字交叉穿过。
eg. I swam across the river. (这里指人从河这边游到对岸。)
through“穿过，通过”指从中间穿过。eg. We walked through the forest.
A except B but C beside D besides
解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides,意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
(三)不需要介词的词：
(1)home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, here, there
1.Grandma went upstairs.
2.Roma went home.
3.She came inside.
(2)表示时间介词at, on, in的省略
at：①接具体时间：eg．at six，at half past two，at ten to twelve
②表示“在…时刻”；eg: at noon，at midnight，at that time, at Christmas
In：①表示“在(某段时间段)之间”eg．in January，in a month，in spring，in 2005
(4)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：
day after day日复一日地year after year年复一年
one after another一个接一个地one by one一个接一个
little by little一点一点地side by side并肩
step by step一步步地face to face面对面
暑期讲义（四）介词
I．要点
（一）介词和种类
（1）简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
（2）复合介词，如along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
例4. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the light happened to____.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
解析：答案是D。A和B与句意完全不符，put up意为“举起”，give in意为“让步”。C项意为“开灯”，与该句意思相反。D项意为stop burning or shining,正适合句意。
（4）in the tree, on the tree
in the tree指动物或人在树上，而on the tree指果实、树叶长在树上
（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way指在路上in the way指挡道
by the way指顺便问一句in this way用这样的方法
A on B at C in D during
解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。
例6. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard, ____, you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
②在将来时中，表示“在某段时间之后”eg．In ten years，I think I'll be a reporter．
on：表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。
eg. On Monday，On Tuesday afternoon，On May4th，On the morning of July 6th，
eg. He arrived after four o’clock.
He’ll come and see you again in five days.
（12）表示时间的before与by的用法区别
before与by都可表示“在……之前”，但by含有“不迟于……”、“到……为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间，则与将来时连用，若by后是过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。
arm in arm手挽手地hand in hand手牵手地
day to day日常的day by day一天一天地
the day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天
heart to heart互相交心的
(5)还有一些成语包含两个介词：
from beginning to end从头至尾from bad to worse越来越糟
We learn English by using it.
May I write with a pencil?
We see with our eyes.
Don’t write it in ink.
（11）表示时间的in, after
in表示“在---之后”，是以现在为起点，后接时间段，多表示将来，修饰将来时态。而after表示“在---之后”时是以过去为起点，多接时间点，多用于一般过去时的句子中。
2.用作定语
作定语用的介词短语应放在所修饰的名词之后。如：
The book on the desk is very interesting.书桌上的那本书很有趣。
The young man fromGuilinis my uncle.从桂林来的那位年轻人是我叔叔。
We visited the museum in the centre of the city.我们参观了市中心的博物馆。