考研英语大纲附录2常用前后缀
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常用的前缀和后缀
1、常用前缀
aero-:concerning the air of aircraft
空气的;空中的;飞行器的plane—aeroplane 飞机space—aerospace 航空空间
anti-:against;opposite of反;反对nuclear—antinuclear 反对核武器的matter—antimatter反物质
war—antiwar反战的
auto-:of or by oneself
自己(的);无人操作(的)biography—autobiography自传criticism—autocriticism自我反省
be-:to treat as the stated thing
把…当作;使…变成
friend—befriend以朋友的方式对待;照顾little—belittle使显得微小,轻视、贬低
bi-:two;twice;double
二;两次;双倍;双
lingual—bilingual 双语的
cycle—bicycle 自行车
bio-:concerning living things
生物的;人生的chemistry—biochemistry生化sphere—biosphere 生物圈
by-,bye-:less important 次要的product—by-product 副产品
way—byway偏僻小路;学科的次要领域centi-:hundredth part of a unit 百分之一grade—centigrade 摄氏meter—centimeter 厘米
co-:together,with和…一起;共同;联合author—coauthor合著者,合著exist—coexist 同时共存、和平共处
col-:( used before l) together,with
(在l前)和…一起;共同;联合location—collocation排列;配置;词的搭配com-:( used before b, m, p ) together,with (在b, m, p 前)和…一起;共同;联合passion—compassion 怜悯、同情
con-:together,with和…一起;共同;联合centric—concentric同一中心的,同轴的federation—confederation结盟,同盟,联邦contra-:opposite 反对;相反diction—contradiction 矛盾,否定,反驳natural—contranatural违背自然的cor-:( used before r ) together,with
(在r前)和…一起;共同;联合relate—correlate 有相关性respond—correspond 相符合,相一致;通信counter-:opposite 逆;反对;相反;对立act—counteract 对抗,抵消attack—counterattack 反攻,反击
cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them 横过;两事物间的运动country—crosscountry越野的breed—crossbreed杂种,使杂交
de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce …的反义;除掉;去掉
code—decode 译码,解码
value—devalue 贬值,贬低
dis-:not;the opposite of
不;非;相反;相对advantage—disadvantage 不利,劣势,短处agree—disagree不同意,不一致,不适合honest—dishonest 不诚实,不老实
em-:( used before b,m,p ) to cause to become (在b,m,p前)使,使成为body—embody 表现,象征;包括,包含power—empower 授权,准许
en-:to cause to become;to make使,使成为danger—endanger 危及,使遭受危险large—enlarge 扩大,放大
ex-:former ( and still living) 前任minister—ex-minister 前部长
wife—ex-wife 前妻
extra-:outside;beyond在…之外;超出curricular—extracurricular 学校课程以外的ordinary—extraordinary 奇怪;特别;额外,临时
fore-:in advance,before;in or at the front 先于;预先
arm—forearm前臂,预先武装warn—forewarn 预先警告;事先告知
il-:(used before l ) not
(在l前)不;非;相反的
legal—illegal 非法的
literate—illiterate 目不识丁的,文盲的
im-:( used before b,m,p ) not
(在b,m,p前)不;非;相反的moral—immoral 不道德、邪恶;放荡的possible—impossible 不可能的;很难接受
in-:not不;非;相反的
direct—indirect 间接的,婉转的
sensitive—insensitive不友好的;麻木的infra-:below in a range;beyond
低于(或超出)某限度的
red—infrared 红外线的structure—infrastructure 基础设施,基础结构inter-:between;among
在…之间;从此到彼;相互change—interchange 互换,互易;交替变换national—international 国际的
intra-:inside,within;into
在(…)里;在(…)内
city—intracity市内的
department—intra-department
ir-:(used before r)not
(在r前)不,非;相反regular—irregular不规则的;不定期的responsible—irresponsible 不负责的
kilo-:thousand千
gram—kilogram千克
meter—kilometer 千米
macro-:large,esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
大的;宏观的;大规模的economics—macroeconomics 宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构
mal-:bad or badly 糟糕;坏function—malfunction 故障,障碍treat—maltreat 虐待;滥用
micro-:extremely small 微小的;规模小的computer—microcomputer 微机electronics—microelectronics 微电子学
mid-:middle 居中;在中间
day—midday 中午
night—midnight 午夜
mini-:small;short 小的;短的bus—minibus 小汽车
skirt—miniskirt超短裙
mis-:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly
坏(或错)的;糟糕(或错误)地fortune—misfortune 不幸,厄运;灾难understand—misunderstand误会误解
mono-:one;single 单;单一plane—monoplane单翼机tone—monotone 单调的
multi-:more than one;many 多个;许多purpose—multipurpose多种用途的,多目标national—multinational多国的,跨国公司non-:not 无;没有resident—non(-)resident不住在某地的sense—nonsense 胡说,无聊的事物
out-:outside;beyond 在外面;超越;超过live—outlive 比(某人)长寿
door—outdoor户外的露天
over-:too much;above;additional
太;过于;上方;额外
head—overhead 离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的, 架空的
time—overtime 超出的时间; 额外的时间费poly-:many 多;复
centric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic 多音节的
post-:later than;after 后;以后graduate—postgraduate 研究生war—postwar战后的
pre-:before;in advance 先于;在…前pay—prepay预付
war—prewar战前的,在战前
pro-:in favor of,supporting 拥护;支持;亲America—pro-America 亲美的abortion—pro-abortion
pseudo-:not real;false 假的;伪的;冒牌的name—pseudonym假名,化名;笔名science—pseudoscience 伪科学
re-:again;back to the former state
又;再;重新
unite—reunite重聚,再联合
use—reuse 再用
self-:by means of oneself or itself;of,to,with,for,or in oneself or itself
滋生的;对自身;自由身
employed—self-employed
taught—self-taught
semi-:half;partly 半;部分circle—semicircle半圆形
final—semifinal半决赛
step-:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
(因父母再婚而构成的亲缘关系)继…mother—stepmother继母children—stepchildren养子
sub-:under,below;less important;part of the stated bigger whole
在…下面(或底下);次于;分支;分部;分divide—subdivide再分,细分section—subsection 分部,分段
super-:more,larger,greater than usual