考研英语大纲附录2常用前后缀

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常用的前缀和后缀

1、常用前缀

aero-:concerning the air of aircraft

空气的;空中的;飞行器的plane—aeroplane 飞机space—aerospace 航空空间

anti-:against;opposite of反;反对nuclear—antinuclear 反对核武器的matter—antimatter反物质

war—antiwar反战的

auto-:of or by oneself

自己(的);无人操作(的)biography—autobiography自传criticism—autocriticism自我反省

be-:to treat as the stated thing

把…当作;使…变成

friend—befriend以朋友的方式对待;照顾little—belittle使显得微小,轻视、贬低

bi-:two;twice;double

二;两次;双倍;双

lingual—bilingual 双语的

cycle—bicycle 自行车

bio-:concerning living things

生物的;人生的chemistry—biochemistry生化sphere—biosphere 生物圈

by-,bye-:less important 次要的product—by-product 副产品

way—byway偏僻小路;学科的次要领域centi-:hundredth part of a unit 百分之一grade—centigrade 摄氏meter—centimeter 厘米

co-:together,with和…一起;共同;联合author—coauthor合著者,合著exist—coexist 同时共存、和平共处

col-:( used before l) together,with

(在l前)和…一起;共同;联合location—collocation排列;配置;词的搭配com-:( used before b, m, p ) together,with (在b, m, p 前)和…一起;共同;联合passion—compassion 怜悯、同情

con-:together,with和…一起;共同;联合centric—concentric同一中心的,同轴的federation—confederation结盟,同盟,联邦contra-:opposite 反对;相反diction—contradiction 矛盾,否定,反驳natural—contranatural违背自然的cor-:( used before r ) together,with

(在r前)和…一起;共同;联合relate—correlate 有相关性respond—correspond 相符合,相一致;通信counter-:opposite 逆;反对;相反;对立act—counteract 对抗,抵消attack—counterattack 反攻,反击

cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them 横过;两事物间的运动country—crosscountry越野的breed—crossbreed杂种,使杂交

de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce …的反义;除掉;去掉

code—decode 译码,解码

value—devalue 贬值,贬低

dis-:not;the opposite of

不;非;相反;相对advantage—disadvantage 不利,劣势,短处agree—disagree不同意,不一致,不适合honest—dishonest 不诚实,不老实

em-:( used before b,m,p ) to cause to become (在b,m,p前)使,使成为body—embody 表现,象征;包括,包含power—empower 授权,准许

en-:to cause to become;to make使,使成为danger—endanger 危及,使遭受危险large—enlarge 扩大,放大

ex-:former ( and still living) 前任minister—ex-minister 前部长

wife—ex-wife 前妻

extra-:outside;beyond在…之外;超出curricular—extracurricular 学校课程以外的ordinary—extraordinary 奇怪;特别;额外,临时

fore-:in advance,before;in or at the front 先于;预先

arm—forearm前臂,预先武装warn—forewarn 预先警告;事先告知

il-:(used before l ) not

(在l前)不;非;相反的

legal—illegal 非法的

literate—illiterate 目不识丁的,文盲的

im-:( used before b,m,p ) not

(在b,m,p前)不;非;相反的moral—immoral 不道德、邪恶;放荡的possible—impossible 不可能的;很难接受

in-:not不;非;相反的

direct—indirect 间接的,婉转的

sensitive—insensitive不友好的;麻木的infra-:below in a range;beyond

低于(或超出)某限度的

red—infrared 红外线的structure—infrastructure 基础设施,基础结构inter-:between;among

在…之间;从此到彼;相互change—interchange 互换,互易;交替变换national—international 国际的

intra-:inside,within;into

在(…)里;在(…)内

city—intracity市内的

department—intra-department

ir-:(used before r)not

(在r前)不,非;相反regular—irregular不规则的;不定期的responsible—irresponsible 不负责的

kilo-:thousand千

gram—kilogram千克

meter—kilometer 千米

macro-:large,esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of

大的;宏观的;大规模的economics—macroeconomics 宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构

mal-:bad or badly 糟糕;坏function—malfunction 故障,障碍treat—maltreat 虐待;滥用

micro-:extremely small 微小的;规模小的computer—microcomputer 微机electronics—microelectronics 微电子学

mid-:middle 居中;在中间

day—midday 中午

night—midnight 午夜

mini-:small;short 小的;短的bus—minibus 小汽车

skirt—miniskirt超短裙

mis-:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly

坏(或错)的;糟糕(或错误)地fortune—misfortune 不幸,厄运;灾难understand—misunderstand误会误解

mono-:one;single 单;单一plane—monoplane单翼机tone—monotone 单调的

multi-:more than one;many 多个;许多purpose—multipurpose多种用途的,多目标national—multinational多国的,跨国公司non-:not 无;没有resident—non(-)resident不住在某地的sense—nonsense 胡说,无聊的事物

out-:outside;beyond 在外面;超越;超过live—outlive 比(某人)长寿

door—outdoor户外的露天

over-:too much;above;additional

太;过于;上方;额外

head—overhead 离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的, 架空的

time—overtime 超出的时间; 额外的时间费poly-:many 多;复

centric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic 多音节的

post-:later than;after 后;以后graduate—postgraduate 研究生war—postwar战后的

pre-:before;in advance 先于;在…前pay—prepay预付

war—prewar战前的,在战前

pro-:in favor of,supporting 拥护;支持;亲America—pro-America 亲美的abortion—pro-abortion

pseudo-:not real;false 假的;伪的;冒牌的name—pseudonym假名,化名;笔名science—pseudoscience 伪科学

re-:again;back to the former state

又;再;重新

unite—reunite重聚,再联合

use—reuse 再用

self-:by means of oneself or itself;of,to,with,for,or in oneself or itself

滋生的;对自身;自由身

employed—self-employed

taught—self-taught

semi-:half;partly 半;部分circle—semicircle半圆形

final—semifinal半决赛

step-:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried

(因父母再婚而构成的亲缘关系)继…mother—stepmother继母children—stepchildren养子

sub-:under,below;less important;part of the stated bigger whole

在…下面(或底下);次于;分支;分部;分divide—subdivide再分,细分section—subsection 分部,分段

super-:more,larger,greater than usual

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