医学节肢动物学
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MEDICAL ARTHROPODOLOGY
(MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY)
医学节肢动物学
（医学昆虫学）
Introduction
Medical entomology is a biological science dealing with arthropods that affect the health of humans or other vertebrate animals, through their ability to transmit causal agents of disease, through their direct attacks, or as a result of the harmful effects produced by contact.
Biological transmission
Cyclodevelopmental biological transmission 发育式
Propagative biological transmission 繁殖式
Cyclopropagative biological transmission 发育繁殖式
Insecta
Mosquitoes 蚊, flies 蝇, cockroach 蟑螂， fleas 蚤, sandflies 白蛉, lice 虱, etc.
Arachnida
Mites 螨， ticks 蜱， spider 蜘蛛， scorpion 蝎子，etc.
Crustacea
Crayfish 蝲蛄,
metamorphosis
A. Complete metamorphosis (holometebolous) 完全变态
The cycle of development involves egg（卵）, larva （幼虫）, pupa（蛹）, and adult（成虫）. Each stage is morphologically distinct from the others, and also present in different habitat, e.g. mosquito, fly.
producing scabies(疥疮）, or myiasis（蝇蛆病）
Envenomization（螫刺）
Allergic reactions---asthma(哮喘）, allergic rhinitis（过敏性鼻炎）
Injuries of arthropods
Indirect injury—transmission of vectorborne diseases (传播虫媒病）
metamorphosis
B. Incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolus) 不完全变态或半变态
The arthropods undergo gradual, or incomplete metamorphosis. Immature stages called nymphs(若虫） go through a series of molts, gradually assuming an adult form. The differences between adult and immature stages are mainly of morphological size and sexually maturity, e.g. cockroach.
ventral nerve cord open circulatory system
Main classes of Medical Arthropoda
Insecta
(昆虫纲）
Arachnida （蛛形纲）
Cwenku.baidu.comustacea （甲壳纲）
Chilopoda （唇足纲）
Diplopoda （倍足纲）
（传播虫媒病）
B. Biological transmission In this case arthropod is an integral part in the life cycle of the microorganism. This is the most important type of diseasetransmission.
Transovarian transmission 经卵传递式
Life cycle
In the life cycle, the entire development progress of arthropods usually undergoes a series of changes both in appearance and in behavior. This type of growth is termed as metamorphosis(变态）.
freshwater crab 溪蟹, etc.
Chilopoda
Centipede 蜈蚣（百脚）
Diplopoda
Millipede 马陆
Injuries of arthropods
Direct injuries:
Ectoparasites---annoyance, blood or tissue fluid feeding Endoparasites---parasitizing in host skin, viscera,
The main characters of arthropod
Metamerism(体躯分节），or segmented body,bilaterally symmetrical forms(两侧对称），with segmented joined appendages
Chitinous exoskeleton (几丁质外骨骼） Internal structure:
A. Mechanical transmission In this case arthropod is not an integral part in the life cycle of the microorganism.
Injuries of arthropods
Indirect injury—transmission of diseases
(MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY)
医学节肢动物学
（医学昆虫学）
Introduction
Medical entomology is a biological science dealing with arthropods that affect the health of humans or other vertebrate animals, through their ability to transmit causal agents of disease, through their direct attacks, or as a result of the harmful effects produced by contact.
Biological transmission
Cyclodevelopmental biological transmission 发育式
Propagative biological transmission 繁殖式
Cyclopropagative biological transmission 发育繁殖式
Insecta
Mosquitoes 蚊, flies 蝇, cockroach 蟑螂， fleas 蚤, sandflies 白蛉, lice 虱, etc.
Arachnida
Mites 螨， ticks 蜱， spider 蜘蛛， scorpion 蝎子，etc.
Crustacea
Crayfish 蝲蛄,
metamorphosis
A. Complete metamorphosis (holometebolous) 完全变态
The cycle of development involves egg（卵）, larva （幼虫）, pupa（蛹）, and adult（成虫）. Each stage is morphologically distinct from the others, and also present in different habitat, e.g. mosquito, fly.
producing scabies(疥疮）, or myiasis（蝇蛆病）
Envenomization（螫刺）
Allergic reactions---asthma(哮喘）, allergic rhinitis（过敏性鼻炎）
Injuries of arthropods
Indirect injury—transmission of vectorborne diseases (传播虫媒病）
metamorphosis
B. Incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolus) 不完全变态或半变态
The arthropods undergo gradual, or incomplete metamorphosis. Immature stages called nymphs(若虫） go through a series of molts, gradually assuming an adult form. The differences between adult and immature stages are mainly of morphological size and sexually maturity, e.g. cockroach.
ventral nerve cord open circulatory system
Main classes of Medical Arthropoda
Insecta
(昆虫纲）
Arachnida （蛛形纲）
Cwenku.baidu.comustacea （甲壳纲）
Chilopoda （唇足纲）
Diplopoda （倍足纲）
（传播虫媒病）
B. Biological transmission In this case arthropod is an integral part in the life cycle of the microorganism. This is the most important type of diseasetransmission.
Transovarian transmission 经卵传递式
Life cycle
In the life cycle, the entire development progress of arthropods usually undergoes a series of changes both in appearance and in behavior. This type of growth is termed as metamorphosis(变态）.
freshwater crab 溪蟹, etc.
Chilopoda
Centipede 蜈蚣（百脚）
Diplopoda
Millipede 马陆
Injuries of arthropods
Direct injuries:
Ectoparasites---annoyance, blood or tissue fluid feeding Endoparasites---parasitizing in host skin, viscera,
The main characters of arthropod
Metamerism(体躯分节），or segmented body,bilaterally symmetrical forms(两侧对称），with segmented joined appendages
Chitinous exoskeleton (几丁质外骨骼） Internal structure:
A. Mechanical transmission In this case arthropod is not an integral part in the life cycle of the microorganism.
Injuries of arthropods
Indirect injury—transmission of diseases