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A U D I T O R’S R E P O R T
Yue Hua Shen / Yan Zi (2014) No. 0002
To all shareholders of ****** Co., Ltd:
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of ****** Co., Ltd (“Your Company”), which comprise the balance sheet as of 31 December 2013, the income statement, statement of changes in owner's equity and cash flow statement for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements.
I. Management’s responsibility for the financial statements
Management of your Company is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. This responsibility includes: (1) in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and its relevant provisions, preparing the financial statements and reflecting
fair presentation; (2) designing, implementing and maintaining the necessary internal control in order to free financial statements from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
II. Auditors' responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Chinese Certified Public Accountants Auditing Standards. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors' judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider the internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
III. Opinion
In our opinion, the financial statements of your Company have been prepared in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprise and its relevant provisions in all material respect, and present fairly the financial position of your Company as of 31 December
2013, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the year then ended.
Guangdong Huaxin Accounting Firm (general partner)
Guangdong, China
Chinese Certified Public Accountant:
Chinese Certified Public Accountant:
January 3, 2014
BALANCE SHEET
AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2013 Unit: RMB Yuan
INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Unit: RMB Yuan
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Unit: RMB Yuan
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN OWNERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013
department:
****** CO., LTD
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013
(All amounts in RMB Yuan)
I. Company Profile
******* Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the "Company") is a limited liability company (Sino-foreign joint venture) jointly invested and established by **** Co., Ltd. and ******* Limited on 24 June 2013. On December 26, 2013, the shareholders have been changed to ***** CO., LTD and ******* LIMITED.
Business License of Enterprise Legal Person License No.:
Legal Representative:
Registered Capital: RMB (Paid-in Capital: RMB )
Address:
Business Scope: Financing and leasing business; leasing business; purchase of leased property from home and abroad; residue value treatment and maintenance of leased property; consulting and guarantees of lease transaction (articles involved in the industry license management would be dealt in terms of national relevant stipulations)
II. Declaration on following Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises The financial statements made by the Company are in accordance with the requirements of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises, which reflects the financial position, financial performance and cash flow of the Company truly and completely.
III. Basic of preparation of financial statements
The Company implements the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (‘Finance and Accounting [2006] No. 3”) issued by the Ministry of Finance on February 15, 2006 and the successive regulations. The Company prepares its financial statements on a going concern basis, and recognizes and measures its accounting items in compliance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises – Basic Standards and other relevant accounting standards, application guidelines and criteria for interpretation of provisions as well as the significant accounting
policies and accounting estimates on the basis of actual transactions and events.
IV. The main accounting policies, accounting estimates and changes
Fiscal year
The Company adopts the calendar year as its fiscal year from January 1 to December 31.
Functional currency
RMB was the functional currency of the Company.
Accounting measurement attribute
The Company adopts the accrual basis for accounting treatments and double-entry bookkeeping of borrowing for financial accounting. The historical cost is generally as the measurement attribute, and when accounting elements determined are in line with the requirements of Accounting Standards for Enterprises and can be reliably measured, the replacement cost, net realizable value and fair value can be used for measurement.
Accounting method of foreign currency transactions
The Company’s foreign currency transactions adopt approximate spot exchange rate of the transaction date to convert into RMB in accordance
with systematic and rational method; on the balance sheet date, the
foreign currency monetary items use the spot exchange rate of the balance sheet date. All balances of exchange arising from differences between the balance sheet date spot exchange rate and the initial recognition or the former balance sheet date spot exchange rate, except that the exchange
gains and losses arising by borrowing foreign currency for the
construction or production of assets eligible for capitalization are transacted in accordance with capitalization principles, are included in profit or loss in this period; the foreign currency non-monetary items measured at historical cost will still be converted with the spot exchange rate of the transaction date.
The standard for recognizing cash equivalent
When making the cash flow statement, cash on hand and deposits readily to be paid will be recognized as cash, and short-term (usually no more than three months), highly liquid and readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of changes in value are recognized as cash equivalent.
Financial Instruments
Classification, recognition and measurement of financial assets
- The company at the time of initial recognition of financial assets
divides it into the following four categories: financial assets measured
at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period, loans and receivables, financial assets available for sale and held-to-maturity investments. Financial assets are measured at fair value when initially recognized. Relevant transaction costs of financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period are recognized in profit or loss of this period, and relevant transaction costs of other categories of financial assets are recognized
in the amount initially recognized.
-- Financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period refer to the short-term sales financial assets, including financial assets held for trading or financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period designated upon initial recognition by the management. Financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss
of this period are subsequently measured at fair value, and the interest
or cash dividends obtained during the holding period will be recognized as investment income, and the gains or losses of the change in fair value at the end of this period are recognized in the profit or loss in this period. When it is disposed, the difference between the fair value and the initial recorded amount is recognized as investment income, while adjusting gains from changes in the fair value.
--Loans and receivables: the non-derivative financial assets without the price in an active market and with fixed and determinable recovery cost
are classified as loans and receivables. Loans and receivables adopt the effective interest method and take amortized cost for subsequent measurement, and gains or losses arising from derecognition, impairment or amortization are included in the profit or loss of this period.
-- Financial assets available for sale: including non-derivative financial assets available for sale recognized initially and other non-derivative financial assets except for loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments and trading financial assets. Financial assets available for sale are subsequently measured at fair value, and interest or cash
dividends obtained during the holding period will be recognized as investment income, and gains or losses arising from the changes in fair value at the end of this period are recognized directly in owners' equity until the financial asset is derecognized or impaired and then is recognized as the profit or loss in this period.
-- Held-to-maturity investments: the non-derivative financial assets with clear intention and ability to hold to maturity by the management of the company, a fixed maturity date and fixed or determinable payments are classified as held-to-maturity investments. Held-to-maturity investments adopt the effective interest method and take amortized cost for subsequent measurement, and gains or losses arising from derecognition, impairment or amortization are included in the profit or loss of this period. Classification, recognition and measurement of financial liabilities
- The company at the time of initial recognition of financial liabilities divides it into the following two categories: financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period and other financial liabilities. Financial liabilities are measured at fair value when initially recognized. Relevant transaction costs of financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period are recognized in profit or loss of this period, and relevant transaction costs of other financial liabilities are recognized in the amount initially recognized.
-- Financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in
the profit or loss of this period include the trading financial
liabilities and financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period designated upon initial recognition. Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at fair value, and the gains or losses of the change in fair value are recognized in the profit or loss in this period.
-- Other financial liabilities: adopting the effective interest method and taking amortized cost for subsequent measurement. The gains or losses arising from derecognition or amortization is included in the profit or
loss of this period.
Requirements for derecognition of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities shall be entirely or partially derecognized if the present obligations derived from them are entirely or partially discharged. Where the Company enters into an agreement with a creditor so as to substitute the current financial liabilities with new ones, and the
contract clauses of which are substantially different from those of the current ones, it shall recognize the new financial liabilities in place of the current ones. Where substantial revisions are made to some or all of
the contract clauses of the current financial liabilities, the Company
shall recognize the new financial liabilities after revision of the
contract clauses in place of the current ones entirely or partially.
Upon entire or partial derecognition of financial liabilities, differences between the carrying amounts of the derecognized financial liabilities and the consideration paid (including non-monetary assets surrendered or new financial liabilities assumed) are charged to profit or loss for the
current period.
Where the Company redeems part of its financial liabilities, it shall allocate the carrying amounts of the entire financial liabilities between the relative fair values of the parts that continue to be recognized and
the derecognized parts on the redemption date. Differences between the carrying amounts allocated to the derecognized parts and the consideration paid (including non-monetary assets surrendered and the new financial liabilities assumed) are charged to profit or loss for the current period. Recognition and measurement for transfer of financial assets
If the Company has transferred nearly all of the risks and rewards
relating to the ownership of the financial assets to the transferee, they shall be derecognized. If it retains nearly all of the risks and rewards relating to the ownership of the financial assets, they shall not be derecognized and will be recognized as a financial liability. If the Company has not transferred nor retained nearly all of the risks and rewards relating to the ownership of the financial assets: (1) to give up the control of the financial assets to be derecognized; (2) not giving up control of the financial asset to be recognized based on the extent of its continuing involvement in the transferred financial assets and liabilities are recognized accordingly.
If the transfer of entire financial assets satisfy the criteria for derecognition, differences between the amounts of the following two items shall be recognized in profit or loss for the current period: (1) the carrying amount of the transferred financial asset; (2) the aggregate consideration received from the transfer plus the cumulative amounts of
the changes in the fair values originally recognized in the owners’ equity. If the partial transfer of financial assets satisfy the criteria
for derecognition, the carrying amounts of the entire financial assets transferred shall be split into the derecognized and recognized parts according to their respective fair values and differences between the amounts of the following two items are charged to profit or loss for the current period: (1) the carrying amounts of the derecognized parts; (2)
The aggregate consideration for the derecognized parts plus the portion of the accumulative amounts of the changes in the fair values of the derecognized parts which are originally recognized in the owners’ equity. Determination of the fair value of financial instruments
- If financial instruments trade in an active market, the quoted price in
an active market determines its fair value; if financial instrument trade
not in an active market, the valuation techniques determine the fair value. Valuation techniques include recent market transaction price reference to
the familiar situation and volunteer transaction, current fair value reference to other substantially similar financial instruments, discounted cash flow method and option pricing model and so on.
Test and Provisions for impairment loss on financial assets
--Except trading financial assets, the Company makes assessment on the carrying values of financial assets at the balance sheet date. If there is evidence that the fair value of specific financial asset has been impaired, provisions for impairment loss is made accordingly.
-- Measurement of impairment of financial assets measured at amortized
cost
If there is objective evidence that the financial asset measured at
amortized cost has been impaired, the carrying amount of the financial
asset is written down to the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not yet occurred), and the
amount of reduction is recognized as impairment loss and is recognized in
the profit or loss of this period. The Company carries out the impairment
test of significant single financial asset separately, carries out the impairment test on insignificant single financial asset from a single or combination of angles, and carries out the impairment test on single asset without objective evidence of impairment along with the financial assets
with similar credit risk characteristics to constitute a combination, but does not carry out the impairment test on the provision for impairment of financial assets based on the single in the portfolio. In the subsequent period, if there is objective evidence that the value of financial asset
has been restored and recognized relevant to the objective matters
occurring after the impairment, previously recognized impairment loss
shall be reversed and charged into the profit or loss of this period. But
the book value after the reversal should not exceed the amortized cost at
the reversal date of the financial assets supposed no provision for impairment. When the financial assets measured at amortized cost actually occur loss, offset against the related provision for impairment.
-- Available for sale financial assets
If there is objective evidence that an impairment of available for sale financial assets occurs, even though the financial asset has not been derecognised, the cumulative loss of decrease of the faire value
originally recorded in the owner's equity should be transferred out and charged into the current profit and loss. The cumulative loss is the
initial acquisition cost of available for sale financial assets, deducting
the fair value of the withdrawing principal and amortization amount and impairment loss as well as net impairment amount originally charged into the profit or loss.
Recognition and provision for bad debts of accounts receivable
If there is objective evidence that receivables are impaired at the end of this period, the carrying value will be written down to its present value of estimated future cash flows, and the amount of reduction is recognized as impairment loss and is recognized in the current profit or loss. Present value of estimated future cash flows is determined through future cash flows (excluding credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the original effective interest rate, taking into account the value of related collateral (less estimated disposal costs, etc.). Original effective interest rate is the actual interest rate when the receivables are recognized initially. The estimated future cash flows of short-term receivables have small difference from the present value, and the estimated future cash flows are not discounted in determining the related impairment loss.
The significant single receivables are separately carried out impairment test at the end of this period, and if there is objective evidence that the impairment has occurred, based on the difference of the present value of future cash flows less than the book value, the impairment loss is recognized and the provision of bad debts is done. The significant single amount refers to top five receivable balances or the sum of payments accounting for more than 10% of receivable balances.
If there is objective evidence that the individual non-significant receivables impairment has occurred, separate impairment test is done, the impairment loss is recognized and the provision for bad debts is done; other individual non-significant receivables and receivables not impaired after separate test are together divided into several combinations for impairment testing with aging as the similar credit risk characteristics, to determine the impairment loss and do provision for bad debts.
In addition to separate provision for impairment of receivables, the company is based on the actual loss rate of receivable portfolio with the same or similar to the previous year and aging as the similar credit risk characteristics, and combines the current situation to determine the ratio
Fixed assets and depreciation accounting method
Recognition criteria of fixed assets: fixed assets refer to tangible assets held for the purpose of producing commodities, providing services,
renting or business management with useful lives exceeding one accounting year and high unit value.
Classification of fixed assets: buildings and constructions, machinery equipment, transport equipment and office equipment.
Fixed assets pricing and depreciation method: the fixed assets is priced based on actual cost and depreciated in a straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, estimated residual rate and annual depreciation
term at the end of the reporting period, and if the market continuing to fall or technological obsolescence, damage, long-term idle and other reasons result in fixed assets recoverable amount lower than its book value, in accordance with the difference provision for impairment of fixed assets, the impairment loss is recognized in fixed assets and can not be reversed in a subsequent accounting period. The recoverable amount is recognized based on the fair value of the assets deducting the net amount after disposal expenses and the present value of cash flows of the estimated future assets. The present value of the future cash flows of the asset is determined in accordance with the resulting estimated future cash flows in the process of continuous use and final disposal to select its appropriate discount rate and the amount of the discount.
Accounting method of construction in progress
The construction in progress is priced on the actual cost, to temporarily transfer to fixed assets when reaching the intended use state in accordance with the project budget and the actual cost of the project, and to adjust the book value of fixed assets according to the actual cost
after handling final settlement of accounts. Acquisition, construction or production of assets eligible for capitalization borrowed specifically or the interest on general borrowing costs and auxiliary expenses of specific borrowings occurred can be included in the cost of capital assets and subsequently recognized in the current profit or loss before the acquisition, construction or production of the qualifying asset reaches the intended use state or the sale state.
Impairment of construction in progress: the Company conducts a comprehensive inspection of construction in progress at the end of the
reporting period; if the construction in process is stopped for long time and will not be constructed in the next three years and the construction
in progress brings great uncertainty to the economic benefits of
enterprises due to backward performance or techniques and the construction in progress occurs impairment, the balance of recoverable amount of single construction in progress lower than the book value of construction in progress is for impairment provisions of construction in progress. Impairment loss on the construction in progress shall not be reversed in subsequent accounting periods once recognized.
The pricing and amortizing of intangible assets
Pricing of the intangible assets
---The cost of outsourcing intangible assets shall be priced based on the actual expenditure directly attributable to intangible assets for the expected purpose.
--- Expenditure on internal research and development projects is charged into the current profit or loss, and expense in the development stage can be recognized as intangible costs if meeting the criteria for capitalization.
--- Intangible assets of investment is in accordance with the agreed value of the investment contract or agreement as costs, excluding not fair
agreed value of the contract or agreement.
--- Intangible assets of the debtor obtained in the non-cash asset cover debt method can be accepted; if the receivable creditor’s right is changed into intangible assets, then record according to the fair value of intangible assets.
--- For non-monetary transaction intangible assets, the fair value and related taxes payable of non-monetary assets should be the accounting cost. Amortization of intangible assets: as for the intangible assets with
limited service life, it is amortized by straight-line method when it is available for use within the service period. As for unforeseeable period
of intangible assets bringing future economic benefits to the company, it
is regarded as intangible assets with uncertain service life, and
intangible assets with uncertain service life can not be amortized. The Company’s intangible assets include land use rights, forest land use
rights and the production and marketing information management software. The land use rights are amortized averagely in accordance with 50 years of service life, forest land use rights are amortized averagely in accordance with 30 years of service life, and the production and marketing
information management software are amortized averagely in accordance with 5 years of service life.
Expenditures arising from development phase on internal research and development projects can be recognized as intangible assets when
satisfying all of the following conditions: (1) there is technical
feasibility of completing the intangible assets so that they will be available for use or sale; (2) there is intention to complete and use or
sell the intangible assets; (3) the method that the intangible assets
generate economic benefits, including existence of a market for products produced by the intangible assets or for the intangible assets themselves, shall be proved. Or, if to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible assets shall be proved; (4) adequate technical, financial, and other resources are available to complete the development of intangible assets, and the Company has the ability to use or sell the intangible assets; (5) the expenditures arising from development phase of the intangible assets can be measured reliably.
Impairment of intangible assets: the Company conducts a comprehensive inspection on intangible assets at the end of the reporting period. If the intangible assets have been replaced by other new technologies so as to seriously affect its capacity to create economic benefits for the enterprise, the market value of certain intangible assets sharply fall and is not expected to recover in the remaining amortization period, certain intangible asset has exceeded the legal time limit but still has some value in use as well as the intangible asset impairment has occurred, the provision for impairment is done according to the difference between the individual estimated recoverable amount and the book value. Impairment loss on the intangible asset shall not be reversed in subsequent accounting periods once recognized.
Accounting method of capitalization of borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets for capitalization should be charged into the relevant costs of assets and therefore should be capitalized. Borrowing costs incurred after qualifying assets for capitalization reaches the estimated use state are charged to profit or loss in the current period. Other borrowing costs are recognized as expenses based on the accrual and are charged to profit or loss in the current period.
Capitalization of borrowing costs should meet the following conditions: expenditures are being incurred, which comprise disbursements incurred in the form of payments of cash, transfer of non-monetary assets or assumption of interest-bearing debts for the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets for capitalization; borrowing costs are being incurred; purchase, construction or manufacturing activities that are necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use or sale are in progress.
Capitalization amount of borrowing interest: the borrowing interest incurred from the acquisition, construction or production of assets eligible for capitalization borrowed specifically or generally should be determined the capitalization amount according to the following method before the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset reaching its intended use or sale state:
---Where funds are borrowed specifically for purchase, construction or manufacturing of assets eligible for capitalization, costs eligible for capitalization are the actual interest costs incurred in current period。