英文摘要写作中对造句的要求

英文摘要写作中对造句的要求

一篇好的英文摘要是由一系列好的句子构成的·所谓好的句子应当具有完整( unit y) 、连贯(coherence) 、简洁(conciseness) 、强调(emphasis) 和多样(variety) 的特点。

完整指句子应当表达单一的完整的思想,这是构成好句子的第一要素。连贯指句子各部分之间清楚而合理的联系:句子中的词语和部分应恰当地衔接,它们之间的联系应十分清楚。不连贯的句子通常有以下几种毛病:平行结构有缺点;代词指代不清楚;修饰语和被修饰语的关系不明确;在人称、数、语态、时态或语气上有混乱之处。简洁指句子当中没有不必要的词语,在句意表达完整的前提下,用词越少越好。强调指将重要的内容放在合适的位置,如段落或者语句的开头或结尾,以引起读者的注意。多样是指句型的多样化。

例句分析

怎样写出简洁的句子

1,用一个词代替一个短语

例1 A. Particular attention is paid to discuss the relationship between the magnetic field induction or node magnetic force at the cent re of bloom and the changing current/ f quency.

B. Discusses emphatically the relationship ⋯

例2 A. Several typical systems are given as examples to explain how to use the new model , and the calculated result s were compared with those obtained f romβ2factor model.

B. Several typical systems are given to exemplify how to use the new model , with the calculated result s compared to those resulting f romβ2factor model.

2,用短语代替句子

例3 A. The performance of the network is improved and the block rate is decreased.

B. The performance of the network is improved with the block rate decreased.

例4 A. It makes up for the insufficiencies of t raditional common cause failure model , and at the same time , the NP problem is avoided.

B. It makes up for the insufficiencies of traditional common cause failure model , thus avoiding the NP problem.

例5 A. The opened system architecture is composed of application layer , database layer , network layer and system layer. The system is designed and the operation flowchart is given.

B. The opened system architecture is composed of four layers , i. e. , the application , database ,network and system layers , with a flowchart given to show it s operation.

用短语代替句子不仅缩短了全句,更重要的是清晰地表达了句子之间的逻辑关系.

例3A 中,两个并列句的关系是平等的:网络的性能得到改善并且阻塞率降低了。但实际上,正是由于阻塞率的降低才使网络的性能得以改善,两者是因果关系。

例3B 清晰地表达出这层意思:伴随着阻塞率的降低,网络的性能得以改善。

例4 也用短语表达出了两个并列句的逻辑关系。

例5B 用with 短语代替A 中的第2 个句子,既去除了冗余,也体现出了两个句子的主次:显然第1 个句子更重要.

3,用短语代替从句·

例6 A. They are a new kind of liquid crystals which are different f rom conventional

rod2like molecules.

B. They are a new kind of liquid crystals differing f rom conventional rod2like molecules.

例7 A. The time series was decomposed into several int rinsic mode component s via EMD , which are stationary series.

B. The time series was decomposed into several int rinsic mode component s via EMD to make every component stationary.

例8 A. It is difficult to utilize effectively the dust/ sludge which is produced in iron and steel plant s.

B. It is difficult to utilize effectively the dust/ sludge produced in iron and steel plant s.

4,用主从复合句代替几个简单句·

例9 A. Present s an active queue management algorithm to solve the problems of dynamic network congestion. The algorithm is based on the fuzzy sliding mode cont rol and adapt s to the change of dynamic network flow.

B. Based on the fuzzy sliding mode cont rol , an active queue management algorithm adaptable to the change of dynamic network flow is presented to solve the problems of dynamic network congestion.

例10 A. The metal flow in the extending cavity during continuous ext ruding/ extending forming in semi2solid state was simulated by FEM. The metal flow law in the mould with different designed parameters was obtained.

B. How the metal flows in the extending cavity during continuous ext ruding/ extending forming in semi2solid state was simulated by FEM to investigate the metal flow behavior in the moulds designed with different parameters.

例11 A. The bullwhip effect of e2market dual2channel is described quantitatively , the cont rol mechanism of it is analyzed , and the H ∞cont rol st rategy for cont rolling the bullwhip effect is advanced.

B. Describing quantitatively the bullwhip effect of e2market dual2channel and analyzing it s cont rol mechanism , an H ∞cont rol st rategy is proposed to cont rol the bullwhip effect .

简洁并不意味着简单·撰写英文摘要常犯的错误之一就是将本可以用一个主从复合句表达完整的思想用几个并列的简单句来表达·这种表达方法看似简洁,但实际上却割裂了各句之间的内在联系.

例9B 用1 个句子完整地表达了例9A 中3 个句子所表达的思想,避免了冗余词.

例10A 中包括2 个简单句,它们分别描述了作者所做的工作和得到的结果,但2 个句子之间缺乏有机的联系.

例10B 将2 个句子合二为一,用动词不定式短语“to investigate the metal flow