【高中英语语法】被动语态.
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
动词的语态
被动语态的应用
I.被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被 动形式, 被动语态由 be＋过去分词 构成，be随时态的变化而变化。 各种时态的被动语态形式:(以 do为例)
1) 一般Baidu Nhomakorabea在时 am / is / are +done (过去分词). 如: Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) 现在完成时 has /have been done. 如: I have been cloned. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we are ready to start.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词” 等，也可以用于 被动结构，但要把 它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其 中的介词或副词也不能省略。例: The meeting is to be put off till Friday. We are looking after a little boy. A little boy is being looked after.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有 被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 例: I don't like being laughed at . The meeting _______ C tomorrow is very important.
A. held
C. to be held
B. being held
D. will be held
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被 动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在 哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不 必说出动作的执行者 ( 这时可省 by 短语)。 例: My bike was stolen last night.
9）将来完成时（少用）
shall/will have been done
例: The project will have been completed before July. 10）过去将来完成时（少用） should/would have been done 例: He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon.
7）一般将来时 shall/will be done 例: Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8）过去将来时 should/would be done 例: The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感 官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时， 在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但 变为被动结构时，要加to。 例: She saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为: A stranger was seen to walk into the building (by her). His father made him to study. He was made to study (by his father).
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构, 其形式为： 情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例: The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 翻译: 他说错误一定要及时改正. He said that the mistakes must be corrected in time.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动 结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后 面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例:
His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为: He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 或改为: A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当 “动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结 构变为被动语态时 , 将宾语变为被 动结构中的主语, 其余不动。例: Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. They painted the door green. The door was painted green.
3）现在进行时 am/is /are being done 例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起. A new cinema is being built here．
4）一般过去时 was/were done 例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5）过去完成时 had been done 例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. (complete) 6）过去进行时 was/were being done 例: A meeting was being held when I was there.
被动语态的应用
I.被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被 动形式, 被动语态由 be＋过去分词 构成，be随时态的变化而变化。 各种时态的被动语态形式:(以 do为例)
1) 一般Baidu Nhomakorabea在时 am / is / are +done (过去分词). 如: Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) 现在完成时 has /have been done. 如: I have been cloned. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we are ready to start.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词” 等，也可以用于 被动结构，但要把 它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其 中的介词或副词也不能省略。例: The meeting is to be put off till Friday. We are looking after a little boy. A little boy is being looked after.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有 被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 例: I don't like being laughed at . The meeting _______ C tomorrow is very important.
A. held
C. to be held
B. being held
D. will be held
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被 动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在 哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不 必说出动作的执行者 ( 这时可省 by 短语)。 例: My bike was stolen last night.
9）将来完成时（少用）
shall/will have been done
例: The project will have been completed before July. 10）过去将来完成时（少用） should/would have been done 例: He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon.
7）一般将来时 shall/will be done 例: Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8）过去将来时 should/would be done 例: The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感 官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时， 在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但 变为被动结构时，要加to。 例: She saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为: A stranger was seen to walk into the building (by her). His father made him to study. He was made to study (by his father).
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构, 其形式为： 情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例: The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 翻译: 他说错误一定要及时改正. He said that the mistakes must be corrected in time.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动 结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后 面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例:
His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为: He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 或改为: A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当 “动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结 构变为被动语态时 , 将宾语变为被 动结构中的主语, 其余不动。例: Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. They painted the door green. The door was painted green.
3）现在进行时 am/is /are being done 例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起. A new cinema is being built here．
4）一般过去时 was/were done 例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5）过去完成时 had been done 例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. (complete) 6）过去进行时 was/were being done 例: A meeting was being held when I was there.