中考总复习讲义--冠词和数词

冠词和数词

教学内容：

不定冠词a 和an 的用法，定冠词the 的用法，零冠词的用法，习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。

一、冠词的概念及分类

冠词是放在名词前面的一种虚词，没有词义，没有数和格的变化，不能单独使用，只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其他词类说明其意义。冠词有两种：a /an 叫不定冠词，the 叫定冠词。

二、不定冠词(a/an)的用法:

1. a an

【注意】(1) 这里指的是“读音”，而不是指字母。

例：a university / useful book / usual thing / European country

an hour/honest boy/honor(光荣；荣幸)

(2) 另外在单独一个字母前也用an ，如：A / E / F / H / I / L / M / N / O / R / S / X 例：There is an “m” in the word---music.

2. 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个， a / an ，以表示与其他事物的区别。

例；(1) I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。

(2) I am reading an interesting story. 我在读一本有趣的故事书。

(3) I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。

3. 如时间、速度、价格等，表示"每一个"。

例：(1) We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。

(2) I went to the library once a week at least. 我一星期至少去一次图书馆。

(3) The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。

4.

例：a few，a little，have a good time，have a look，a number of，have a headache，have a rest，go for a walk等等

例：I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

6.可视为一个整体的两个名词前

例：a knife and fork 一副刀叉

典例精讲：

1.(2019·来宾)—Would you like____ new blue T-shirt，Mary?

—Sorry，Mom. I prefer ______ orange one.

A.a；a

B.a；an

C.an；a

D.an；an

2.(2019·曲靖)—Have you seen the film Dad，Where Are We Going?

—Yes.It’s ________ interesting one.

A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

3.(2019·丽水)Mrs. Smith has ______ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.

A.a

B.an

C.the

D.不填

4.(2019·重庆)I have ______ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.

A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

5.(2019·镇江)We can live a better life if we create ________ less polluted world.

A.the

B.an

C.a

D.不填

三、定冠词(the)的用法

1. (些)人或某(些)事物。

例：(1) The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。

(2) Is this the book you are looking for? 这是你要找的书吗?

(3) Do you know the man in back? 你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗?

2. 如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候，用a / an，就变成特指

例：(1)I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.

(2) I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight o'clock.

(3) Open the door，please.

3.

物当然是特指的事物，不可能有两个以上。

例：the sun the moon the earth the sky the world the spring of 2019

(1) The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。

(2) I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。

(3) I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.

4. 可表示某一类人或事物。（the +形容词表示“一类人”) 例：(1) The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受伤者被送到了医院。