词汇学知识要点Affixation

Affixation/ Derivation（词缀法/派生法）:

1. Definition: the formation of words by adding affixes to other words or morphemes. Words formed in this way are called derivatives (派生词).

2. Classification of affixation: prefixation(前缀法) and suffixation（后缀法）

3. Classification of Prefixes

1) Negative prefixes否定前缀: in- in inconvenient

2) Reversative or privative prefixes逆反前缀: un- in unwrap

3) Pejorative prefixes贬义前缀: mis- in mislead

4) Prefixes of degree or size表范围和程度的前缀: over- in overconfident

5) Prefixes of orientation and attitude表方向和态度的前缀: pro- in pro-Chinese

6) Locative prefixes方位前缀: inter- in international

7) Prefixes of time and order表时间和顺序的前缀: ex- in ex-president

8) Number prefixes数字前缀: mono- in monologue.

9) Conversion Prefixes (转换前缀): a- in asleep

10) Miscellaneous Prefixes (其他类型的前缀): homo- in homosexual

4. Types of Suffixes:

1) Noun (-forming) Suffixes

(1) De-nominal Noun Suffixes:加在名词上的名词后缀. e.g. -hood in brotherhood

(2) De-verbal Noun Suffixes: (verb-noun suffixes)加在动词上的名词后缀.e.g. -er in writer

(3) De-adjective Noun Suffixes: e.g. -ness in faithfulness.

(4) Noun and Adjective Suffixes: Chinese (both n. and adj.)

2) Verb (-forming) Suffixes: -ify in simplify

3) Adjective (-forming) Suffixes

(1) De-nominal adjective suffixes: -ful in hopeful

(2) De-verbal adjective suffixes: -ive in attractive

4) Adverb (-forming) Suffixes: -ly in happily