5 第五章 植物防卫反应基因 √

5．PR-5蛋白及其基因(家族5) PR—5蛋白还与甜味蛋白具有65％的 序列相似性，所以又称为类甜味蛋白。 5. PR-5 protein and its gene (family 5) PR-5 protein is also the sweet protein 65% sequence similarity, it is also known class thaumatin.
(三)PR蛋白的功能
1．与植物抗病性的关系 与植物系统获得抗性发生有关 PR基因表达与HR或者 SAR（系统获得抗性）之间 的相关性并不是绝对的 直接作用还没有完全证实 1. Relationship between plant disease resistance And the occurrence of plant systemic acquired resistance PR gene expression correlated with HR or SAR (systemic acquired resistance) between not absolute Direct action has not been fully confirmed



(2)微生物激发子 微生物激发子处理植物可以诱导防卫反应， 但同时也诱导PR蛋白产生。如青枯假单胞 的脂多糖都能诱导产生PR蛋白。 (2) microbial elicitor Microbial elicitor treated plants can be induced defense responses, but also induced PR protein production. Pseudomonas solanacearum as lipopolysaccharide can induce PR proteins.
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l PR-1 protein and its gene (family 1) The histones are the first reported infection associated with TMv PR protein, but so far it is not clear about the function. 2. PR-2 protein and gene (family 2) This group of proteins have been identified in four kinds of serological PR proteins associated with -1,3- glucanase. 3. PR-3 protein and its gene (family 3) The Histone have chitinase activity, at least four kinds of serological related proteins. 4. PR-4 protein and its gene (family 4) These proteins in plants is not clear exactly where. And PR-1 protein as yet found relating to activity or other functions. Some studies suggest that PR-4 protein and cell Ca2 + signal related

(二)PR基因的诱导表达
(1)病原菌侵染 病原菌侵染可以诱导PR蛋白的合成，但并非一定与 抗病反应系统获得抗性有联系。而且PR蛋白积累 也不一定与病菌诱导的局部坏死有关。细菌与病 毒一样也能刺激烟草和其它植物的PR蛋白的产生。 (1) pathogen infection PR pathogen infection can induce the synthesis of proteins, but not necessarily the reaction system acquired resistance to disease are linked. PR protein accumulation and not necessarily with the bacteria induce local necrosis. Bacteria and viruses can also stimulate the production of tobacco and other plants
第一节
防卫反应基因的特点
一、防卫反应基因的结构特点 多以基因家族出现 二 防卫反应基因的表达 多数是诱导性的 ，且应答迅速。 三、防卫反应基因功能的多重性 正常生活中也需要它们定量的表达 多种不同类型因子的诱导
Features defense response genes
First, the structural characteristics of the defense response genes, Multi-gene family appears to Two defense response genes, Most are induced, and rapid response. Third, the defense response gene function multiplicity Normal life, they also need a quantitative expression. Many different types of inducing factor
烟草中 PR蛋白
l PR-1蛋白及其基因(家族1) 该组蛋白是最先报道与TMv侵染有关的PR蛋白，但迄 今其有关功能尚不清楚。 2．PR—2蛋白及其基因(家族2) 这一组蛋白中已鉴定出4种血清学相关的PR蛋白，具 有-1，3—葡聚糖酶活性。 3．PR-3蛋白及其基因(家族3) 该组蛋白具有几丁质酶活性，至少有4种血清学相关的 蛋白组成。 4．PR-4蛋白及其基因(家族4) 这些蛋白在植物中的确切位臵尚不清楚。与PR—1蛋白 一样，尚未发现与之有关的酶活性或其它功能。有 些研究认为PR-4蛋白与细胞中的Ca2+信号有关
Defense response genes have been cloned
More
than the current research, and has been cloned defense response genes are: Phytoalexin and involve key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, Chitinase, -1,3- glucanase gene, Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP), Glycine-rich glycoprotein (GRP) gene, Pathogenesis-related gene As well as some of unknown function and defense reactions associated cDNA and the like. In addition, ethylene and phenolic compounds synthase gene. Pathogens and disease-causing genes related enzyme inhibitors have also been cloned (Figure 5-1)

(4)生理胁迫因子 如剪枝、脱叶、掩水、干旱都对PR蛋 白的表达产生不同程度的影响。 (4) physiological stress factors Such as pruning, defoliation, cover water, drought has produced different effects on the expression of PR proteins.

第二节防卫反应基因的主要类型
一、病程相关蛋白基因 (一) PR基因家族遗传特征 (表) 自1970年发现PR蛋白以来，烟草中已报道了5大 类至少14种PR蛋白，部分PR蛋白性质已比较清楚， 但多数仍在进一步研究之中。 First, the pathogenesis-related protein gene (A) PR gene family genetic characteristics (Table) Since 1970 PR proteins found since, tobacco has been reported 5 categories at least 14 PR proteins, some PR protein nature has been relatively clear, but most are still under investigation.
第五章 植物防卫反应基因
已克隆的防卫反应基因

目前研究得比较多，并且已经得到克隆的防卫反 应基因主要有： 涉及植保素和木质素合成的关键酶基因， 几丁质酶、-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因， 富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白(HRGP)、 富含甘氨酸的糖蛋白(GRP)基因， 病程相关蛋白基因 以及一些功能未知的与防卫反应有关的cDNA等。 另外，乙烯和酚类化合物合成酶基因．病原物与 致病有关酶抑制剂基因等也已得到克隆(图5—1)。
(3)植物激素 激素水平的改变在细胞悬浮培养物和完整植物中部有 影响PR蛋白表达的作用。对完整植物通过施加外源 激素或转化含激素基因的根癌土壤杆菌的T—DNA 都能改变其PR蛋白的表达。乙烯也能诱导PR蛋白的 表达。 (3) plant hormones Changes in hormone levels in cell suspension culture substrate and complete plant Central influential PR protein expression. To complete the plant by exogenous hormone or hormone-containing Agrobacterium transformation of cancer gene T-DNA can alter the expression of its PR proteins. Ethylene can also induce the expression of PR protein.




(5)化学诱导因子 早期的研究曾认为烟草的PR蛋白与动物中的干扰素 系统相似。干扰素合成诱导因子聚丙烯酸(PAA)处理 Xanthi-nc烟草能诱导PRl和PR—2的积累。其它许多 化学因子也证明具有诱导服蛋白积累的作用，如2硫脲嘧啶、双氧水和多菌灵。 5) chemically induced factor Earlier studies had thought tobacco PR protein interferon system similar animals. Of interferon-inducible factorpolyacrylic acid (PAA) process Xanthi-nc tobacco can induce PRl and accumulation of PR-2. Many other factors also proved chemical suits protein accumulation induced effects, such as 2-thiouracil, hydrogen peroxide and carbendazim.