人教版高中英语必修四unit2词汇讲解及练习

人教版高中英语必修四Unit2 Working the land1 struggle [ˈstrʌgl]vi.搏斗；奋斗；努力；争取n.打斗；竞争；奋斗【例句】They had to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties.他们必须和各种各样的困难作斗争。

After 5 years’ of struggle,people in Wenchuan are living a normal life now.经过五年的努力，现在汶川人民的生活步入了正轨。

【搭配】struggle against/with与……斗争struggle for 为争取……而斗争struggle to do 努力去做struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗【辨析】battle, war, campaign, struggle, fight这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。

•battle：侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。

•war：是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。

•campaign：通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。

也可作引申用。

•struggle：指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。

•fight：最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。

2 hunger [ˈhʌŋgə(r)] n.饿，饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.（使）饥饿【例句】His hunger for knowledge drove him to the library.他对知识的强烈愿望驱使他上图书馆。

These students hunger for new knowledge and ideas.这些学生渴望学到新知识，获得新思想。

【搭配】have a hunger for 渴望hunger for 渴望得到【拓展延伸】“渴望得到某物/渴望做某事”的多种表达法归纳如下：hunger for sth. long for sth. hope for sth. wish for sth. be eager for sth.desire sth. hunger to do sth long to do sth hope to do sth wish to do sth be eager to do sth. desire to do sth.3 expand [ɪkˈspænd] vt.使…变大；扩张；详述vi.扩展；发展；张开；展开【例句】In ten years the city’s population expanded by 12%.十年之中,该市人口增加了百分之十二。

【搭配】expand...into...将……扩展/发展成……expand on 阐述；详谈【辨析】expand/extend/spread/stretchexpand 意为“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。

extend 意为“伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度，宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。

spread 意为“传播；蔓延；铺开”。

一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播（疾病），散布（信息）等。

stretch 意为“伸展(身体等)，拉长；连绵”，一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展，不是加长。

【拓展延伸】expansion n.展开；膨胀；扩展expansive adj.广阔的；易膨胀的4rid [rɪd] vt.使摆脱，解除，免除【例句】You are supposed to rid yourself of carelessness,for it often leads to trouble. 你应该克服粗心，因为他常常引起麻烦。

It’s easy to get into the habit of smoking but hard to get rid of it.染上吸烟的恶习很容易，但要戒掉很困难。

【搭配】rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱get rid of 摆脱，除去5 equip[ɪˈkwɪp] vt.装备，配备【例句】Most parents want to equip their children with a good education.大多数父母想让他们的孩子接受良好的教育。

【搭配】equip ... for 给...配备，使有能力做equip sb with 用...装备be equipped for 准备好be equipped with 装备，安装be fully/poorly/well equipped 装备齐全/简陋/完好【辨析】equip, furnish, supply, provide, afford这些动词都含有“提供，供给”之意。

•equip：侧重提供与技术有关的装备或设备等。

•furnish：多指添置家具等供给生活的必需品或为生活舒适提供所需的服务设施。

•supply/provide：普通用词，指提供任何所需求的东西。

•afford：一般只用于对抽象事物提供，也可指经济能力上的供给或支付。

【拓展延伸】equipment n[u]装备 a piece of equipment 一件装备【温馨提示】equip的过去式和过去分词都是equipped；现在分词是equipping。

6confuse[kənˈfju:z] vt.使困窘；使混乱；使困惑【例句】It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。

They asked so many questions that they confused me.他们问了许多问题，都把我弄糊涂了。

【搭配】confuse A with B 把A与B混淆be confused about 对...感到困惑【温馨提示】confused指“困惑的；迷惑不解的；被弄糊涂的”，表示人的内心感受；confusing“使人困惑的；令人迷惑的；使人混乱的”，表示事物的状态。

7 regret [rɪˈgret] vt.后悔，悔恨；遗憾n.遗憾，惋惜；后悔【例句】If you don’t study hard now,you will regret it in the future.如果你现在不好好学习，将来你会后悔的。

Much to our regret,we couldn’t attend your wedding.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们没能参加你们的婚礼。

【搭配】regret doing/having done sth后悔做了某事regret to do 遗憾的做to one’s regret 令某人感到遗憾的是with regret 遗憾地8 reduce[rɪˈdju:s] vt.减少；缩小【例句】They have reduced the prices in the shop,so it’s good time to buy.商店已经降低了价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。

It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometers an hour.由于大雾，司机不得不把速度减到每小时40千米。

【搭配】reduce to 减少到reduce by 减少了【辨析】decrease, diminish, lessen, reduce, dwindle这些词的共同含义是“减少，变少”。

•decrease：指逐渐地、不断地减少。

你对这起事故发生的原因有何评论？【搭配】no comment 无可奉告comment on ...对...评论make a comment on/about ...对...评论10 focus [ˈfəʊkəs] vt. 集中；聚焦n.焦点；聚焦【例句】It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.这是会议上关注的主要焦点。

【搭配】focus on 集中精力于focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中到【拓展延伸】focus one’s attention on sth.= center/concentrate/fix one’s attention on sth. 集中注意力于……11 thanks to由于；多亏（有时用作反语）;因为【例句】Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.多亏了这倒霉的天气，比赛被取消了。

（反语）【拓展延伸】表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：because of，owing to，on account of，due to，as a result of。

【温馨提示】以上这些都是介词短语，因此后面可以跟名词或动名词而不可以跟从句。

due to一般不用于句首12. be satisfied with 对……表示满足或满意【例句】You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。

【拓展延伸】be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction 使某人满意的是far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足【温馨提示】be satisfied with 同义词be pleased with be content with小结：本单元单词的构词法1．合成词1）sunburnt sun+burnt2) output out+put3) therefore there+fore4) underline under+line2. 词缀+词根1) dis-①表示“不，消失掉”；②表示“分开，分离”如：discovery disagree dishonest disappear2) -ty表示性质如：responsibility nationality personality3) -ry表示集合名词如：laboratory实验室chemistry化学summary discovery4) -ion由动词变化而来的抽象名词常表示状态。

如：communication交流，交往occupation production nutrition必修4 Unit2 Working the land基础过关I 单词拼写1．A ________ (化学的) change takes place in paper when it burns. 2. We must r________ ourselves of these old ideas. 3. Not having had food for over forty hours, we were all weak from h_________. 4. Because of the heavy rain the l________ of the lake has risen 6 inches. 5. It was a new form of ________ (细菌) and nobody knew how it would affect humans. 6. The cookies are made from g________ and fruit. 7. Farmers consider rabbits to be p________, because they destroy some crops they grow. 8. The violent film is not ________(合适的) for children. 9. This food provides the ________(营养) your dog needs. 10. The average ________(产量) of the factory is 20 cars a day.II 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空1)He got the first prize in the speech contest. His teacher _________hisperformance.2) It is really a hot day. I _________ stay in the house withair-conditioning thango outshopping.3) Please________ the last page of the book for answers after doing the exercises.4) _________ your help, we could finish the task on time.5)Most of the people in remote mountainous area ________ _________ poor_______.6) Next week I will fly to Britain on business. Now I want to ________ some RMB yuan__________ British pounds.7) When a child knows that he __________, he feels safe and secure.8) The girl struggled to__________ herself _________ her fears.9) Some schools _________ their students wearing school uniforms.III 完成句子1. 毕业后，他宁愿留在上海而不愿回家乡。