跨文化交际,上海应用技术学院期末

Unit 1

1 economic globalization(经济全球化）：the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.

2 barter system(物物交换）：exchange without money

–Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money.

–Human society has always traded goods across great distances.

3 global village(地球村）：the world form one community

–All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.

4 melting pot(大熔炉）：a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.

5 culture(文化）：can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.

6 cultural diversity(文化融合）：refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.

7. Communication(交际）: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.

8 intercultural communication(跨文化交际）：communication between people whose cultural backgrounds and distinct(不同）enough to alter（改变）their communicaion。

9 components of communication（交际的十大要素）

①source(来源）：the person who desires to

②encoding(编码）：the process of putting on idea into a symbol

③message(信息）：identifies the encoding thought

④channel(渠道）：the means of transmission(传播途径）

⑤noise(干扰）：anything distorts the messages

⑥receiver(接受者）：the person who attends to the message

⑦decoding(解码）：assigning meaning to the symbols received

⑧receiver response(接受者反应）：anything the receiver does

⑨feedback(反馈）：the portion which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning

⑩context(场景）：help define(使明确）the communication

思考题：

1.Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.

①convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统）

②innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）

③economic globailzation(经济全球化）

④widespread migrations(广泛的移民)

2.What are the three ingredients(组成) of culture?

①artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)

②behavior(what they do)

③concepts(共有观点）(what they think)

3.How to understand cultural iceberg?

just as an iceberg, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected an imagined. Also like an iceberg, nine-tenth of culture is below the surface

4.What are the characteristic(特点）of culture?

①shared

②learned(enculuration 文化习得：learning one's culture)

③dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)

④ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)

5.What are the characteristic of communication?

①dynamic(动态性）；②irreversible(不可逆转的）③symbolic(符号的）④systematic(系统性）⑤transactional（互动性）⑥contextual(语境)

Unit 2-4

1 Pragmatics（语用学）:the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior.

2 Semantics（语义学）：a system that associates words to meaning. It is the study of the meaning of words.

3 Denotation（引申含义）：the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.